Stations In Region Research Articles

Взаимоотношения МТС и колхозов Западно-Сибирского края в 1930-е гг.

The article investigate the problem of relations between machine and tractor stations (MTS) of the West Siberian region and collective farms. Author shows practices of their interaction, reasons for the emergence of conflict situations. The determining role of the state, which set low purchase prices for agricultural products and high prices for services rendered by MTS, is revealed. For this reason, the income received by collective farms decreased, which was reflected in the amount of a labor day. The peasantry, dissatisfied with the current situation, resorted to various tricks and tried to refuse the MTS services imposed on them.

Suficiência de leite humano para prematuros em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva

Abstract Objective To analyze human milk sufficiency in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo according to the number of premature babies, estimated demand for human milk and actual consumption. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, carried out at Human Milk Collection Stations and Human Milk Banks registered with the São Paulo Network of Human Milk Banks in 2017. Data from 2017 census vital statistics were used to identify premature baby distribution in Regional Health Care Networks. Results 100% of Human Milk Collection Stations and 84.6% of Human Milk Banks in São Paulo participated in the study. Pasteurized human milk distribution insufficiency was identified between estimated demand and actual consumption by premature babies. During the study period, only the Center and Southeast regions met 100% of human milk coverage, followed by the Greater ABC region, with 44.62%. Conclusion Most Human Milk Collection Stations and Human Milk Banks in the metropolitan region of São Paulo do not assist all premature children. The management of these units can contribute to encouraging donor recruitment and collected human milk optimization.

Accurate storm surge prediction in hurricane area of the Atlantic Ocean using a new multi-recursive neural network based on gate recursive unit

This paper proposes an enhanced storm surge forecasting approach utilizing novel neural networks, specifically a model based on gated recurrent units (GRUs), and incorporates a distortion loss function known as Distortion Loss Including Shape and Time (DILATE) for improved prediction accuracy and reliability. Historical data from four stations in the hurricane-prone region of the Atlantic Ocean are utilized for both training and testing purposes. Various models are employed to predict storm surges with lead times of 3, 6, and 12 hours, and their performance is evaluated by comparing the predicted values with the observed ones. Furthermore, the influence of various physical factors on storm surge formation is examined. The findings indicate that the GRU-DILATE model is more suitable for storm surge prediction, particularly for longer lead times. This model effectively reduces prediction delays and accurately captures the trends in wave height associated with storm surges. Among the physical factors studied, wind speed and atmospheric pressure emerge as the most important variables influencing storm surges. Additionally, the significance of wind direction is highlighted, as it plays a crucial role in determining whether the sea level rises or falls during the initial stages of a storm surge. It is expected that the proposed model has the potential to enhance response and preparedness measures in hurricane-prone areas, finding applications in coastal planning, infrastructure design, disaster management, and other aspects of ocean engineering.

Design of wound vegetation restoration measures for upper and lower reservoir connecting road project of pumped storage power station in northwest cold and arid regions

Taking a pumped storage power station in the northwest cold and arid regions as an example, this paper summarizes the construction technology and method of wound vegetation restoration in the upper and lower reservoir connecting road project of pumped storage power station in the northwest cold and arid regions, as well as the system of measures including the selection of suitable plants, the design of soil covering engineering, the design of plant measures and the construction technology. The soil covering engineering and plant measures were designed according to different wound types. The soil preparation of the Yurian pit and the ridge outside the pit were constructed with planting bags, arbor and shrubs were planted inside the pit, Picea asperata Mast. was selected for arbor and Juniperus sabina L. for shrubs, and forest vegetation blanket was used on the upper slope with a gentle slope, and shrubs and grass seeds were mainly planted with Poa annua L., Stipa capillata L. and Artemisia frigida Willd. The above vegetation restoration measures were designed. It greatly reduces soil and water loss in the reservoir area, improves vegetation coverage in the reservoir area, and enriches plant diversity, making the wound surface of the upper and lower reservoir connecting road of pumped storage power station gradually restore to the natural environment plant community state before the destruction.

Characterization of the natural resource potential of the agricultural zone of the Krasnoyarsk territory

The aim of the study was to determine the natural resource potential of the agricultural territories in the agricultural regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and to investigate the fundamental characteristics of climatic conditions. Location and time of the study. The study utilized multi-year data (from 1978 to 2020) from 22 meteorological stations located in the natural districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory to analyze climatic conditions. Methods. A georesource database was used to assess the natural resource potential (NRP), including information about soils, agroclimatic parameters, and their impact on agricultural crops. Soils and climatic parameters were ranked on a scale of 5 to 100. The NRP assessment was categorized as follows (points): 1–20 – low; 21–40 – below average; 41–60 – average; 61–80 – above average; 81–100 – high. Climatic conditions were analyzed based on multi-year data from meteorological stations in different natural regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, using trend analysis and data smoothing methods to identify dynamics. Results. The natural resource potential values vary from 32.5 points for the northern forest-steppe podzolic soils in the Kansk Natural District to 62.5 points for chernozems (black soils) in the northern forest-steppe of the South Minusinsk Natural District. Weighted average NRP values for the agricultural territories of the Krasnoyarsk Krai increase in the following sequence (points): subtaiga (38.0) – Kansk Natural District (45.4) –Krasnoyarsk Natural District (46.3) – Achinsk-Bogotol Natural District (47.4) – Chulymo-Yenisei Natural District (47.8) – Nazarovo Natural District (49.4) – South Minusinsk Natural District (54.3). Conclusions. Climate warming, accompanied by significant increases in summer and winter precipitation, milder winters, and prolonged growing seasons favorable for agricultural crops and varieties, will have a positive impact on the NRP of the region's agrolandscapes, promoting the development of commercial agriculture, especially in the forest-steppe zone. The range of agricultural crops and varieties may expand. Cultivating winter and hard wheat varieties is expected to become more effective. Improved natural conditions will contribute to bringing long abandoned lands into agricultural production. Changes in soil regimes and properties will lead to the transformation of agricultural crop cultivation technologies.

Characterization of Scintillation Events With Basis on L1 Transmissions From Geostationary SBAS Satellites

AbstractSignals recorded by two stations in the Brazilian region: [Fortaleza (3.74°S, 38.57°W) and Inconfidentes (22.31°S, 46.32°W)], receiving L1 transmissions from different geostationary satellites, were used to evaluate the amplitude scintillation index S4 and several characteristics of scintillation events (continuous record with S4 > 0.2) during nighttime hours (18:00 LT–02:00 LT) in the years 2014–2016. The effects from solar activity, season, and local time on the number of scintillation events per night, maximum scintillation, scintillation event duration, and spacing between consecutive events will be discussed. The results indicate that: (a) scintillation occurs from September to March in both links; (b) the most likely numbers of observed scintillation events per night were two or three, particularly during the first 2 years; (c) on average, the first scintillation event usually had larger maximum S4 values when compared to those of the later ones along the night; (d) the first scintillation event had a longer mean duration than the succeeding ones in a given night; (e) the durations of scintillation events, regardless of their numbers per night and the location, decreased with local time; (f) the opposite dependence of spacings between consecutive events on local time was observed; (g) the cumulative distribution functions of the scintillation onset time indicated a strong dependence on the dip latitude of the station; and (h) early occurrences of onset times are directly related to the increased probability of the occurrence of multiple scintillation events.

Data-Driven Analysis of a NEVI-Compliant EV Charging Station in the Northern Region of the U.S.

Data-Driven Analysis of a NEVI-Compliant EV Charging Station in the Northern Region of the U.S.

Growing food potatoes from small fraction minitubers obtained under conditions of water-air culture

Currently, due to the shortage of their own seed material Russian producers of original seed potatoes are interested in using highly efficient cultural practices based on the use of aerohydroponic cultivation technologies. The results of studies conducted in the period of 2019-2021 in order to determine the effectiveness of growing food potatoes from mini-tubers obtained using aerohydroponic systems with a compound nutrient scheme are presented in the work. The field test was launched according to the available procedures on the territory of the Korenevo (Kraskovo) experimental station in the Moscow region on sod-podzolic medium-cultivated, granulometric composition sandy loam soil. Sprouted small fraction mini-tubers of 10-15 mm in size and 3-5 g in weight of the following varieties were planted: Gulliver (early ripening (ER)), Amethyst and Grand (medium early ripening (MER)), Sineglazka and Fritella (midseason variety (MSV)). The research years – 2019, 2020 and 2021 – were characterized, respectively, as humid, very humid and slightly arid. The average yield for all varieties was 16.4 t/ha, including commercial tubers in size – 96.5-98.6%, or 38-89% of the possible potential yield, depending on the variety. The starch content in tubers was within the range of potentially possible values, namely, in Grand (16.5-18.3%), in Sineglazka (16.0- 19.8%) and in Fritella (16.3-17.6%). The nitrate content in potato tubers of all varieties did not exceed MPC – 250 mg/kg. Tubers of all varieties turned out to be quite tasty – 5.5-8.0 points, Gulliver tubers (7.5 points) being found the most delicious, despite the low starch content. Potatoes were sold at a price of 17 rubles/ kg, the income from potato cultivation amounted to 17.2-79.9 thousand rubles/ ha, and profitability was 15.5- 24.5%. The economic feasibility of producing food potatoes grown in the field from mini-tubers of small fractions obtained using aerohydroponic devices with a compound nutrition system has been shown.

Evaluating emissions and meteorological contributions to air quality trends in northern China based on measurements at a regional background station

The contributions of meteorology and emissions to air pollutant trends are critical for air quality management, but they have not been fully analyzed, especially in the background area of northern China.

Line Congestion Management in Modern Power Systems: A Case Study of Pakistan

The surging electricity demand in Pakistan has led to frequent blackouts, prompting government initiatives to expand power plant capacities and improve the national grid. The government prioritizes integrating large‐scale renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, to reduce dependence on conventional power plants. However, the intermittency of renewables leads to forecasting errors, requiring extra power reserves from conventional units, thereby escalating operational costs and CO2 emissions. The country currently utilizes a manual mechanism for power balancing operations, overlooking critical grid constraints of the transmission line loadings. In such conditions, injecting large‐scale power from renewables can lead to significant fluctuations in line power flows, risking transmission line loadings and compromising the system’s secure operation. Hence, this paper has developed an automatic generation control (AGC) model for the highly wind‐integrated power system to alleviate line congestions in the network and enhance the economic operation of the system. The study utilizes the Pakistan power system as a case study to simulate the proposed model. The developed real‐time power dispatch strategy for the AGC system considers the constraints of the transmission line to avoid congestion. It integrates wind energy as operating reserves to enhance the economic operation of the system. When managing line congestion, it identifies overloaded bus lines and adjusts power regulation accordingly while compensating for shortfalls by augmenting transmitted power from regional grid stations. However, it maintains a constant dispatch ratio without line overloads, aligned with generation capacities. Additionally, the strategy integrates reserve power from the wind power plant and traditional generating units to further improve economic operations. Simulations have been conducted using PowerFactory software, employing the eight‐bus and five‐machine models to replicate the characteristics of the Pakistan power system. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed AGC design in mitigating transmission line congestion of power systems that are heavily integrated with wind energy sources while simultaneously ensuring the economic operation of generating units.

GENETIC VARIABILITY OF ROSELLE (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L.) GENOTYPES

Roselle is more than an eye-catching crop and has been used in a number of dishes, beverages, and conventional remedies for diseases for centuries. It is a source of antioxidants and anthocyanin, which acts as a free radical scavenger and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Five Roselle genotypes were evaluated in the Kharif 2 season in 2021 to assess genetic variability, association of traits, and path differentiation of different characters. A field experiment was conducted at the BIRTAN regional station farm in Noakhali, Bangladesh, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected on twelve plant attributes. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the five genotypes for most of the characters studied except petiole length (cm) and fruit diameter (cm). The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation for all the studied traits. Phenotypic as well as genotypic coefficients of variability were high for the trait branches per plant (75.92% and 77.81%) and fruits per plant (69.33% and 77.01%), whereas they were medium for calyx per fruit and low for fruit diameter. High heritability estimates (>0.70) were recorded for plant height (cm), leaves per plant, branches per plant, fruit length (cm), calyx per fruit, fruit weight (g), and fruits per plant. On the other hand, the yield components showed medium heritability estimates (<0.70). Medium heritability coupled with a high expected genetic gain was observed for leaves per plant and fruit yield per plant. The highest genetic advance as a percent of men was also observed in branches per plant (152.59%). Fruit yield per plant was found to have a positive and highly significant correlation with branches per plant and fruits per plant, both at genotypic and phenotypic levels, whereas only at the genotypic level for leaf length and fruit diameter. Partitioning the correlation coefficients of various components direct effects on fruit yield into direct and indirect contributions revealed that fruits per plant have the maximum direct effect on fruit yield, followed by fruit weight and branches per plant at the genotypic level. High positive correlation coefficients for branches per plant were due to the indirect effects of fruits per plant. Hence, selection for the traits fruits per plant, branches per plant, and leaf length may be successful for fruit yield improvement in roselle. According to morphological traits and yield attributes the genotype RL 2 is the best among the studied genotypes.

Anisotropic tomography and mantle dynamics of the North China Craton

SUMMARY We present high-resolution 3-D images of isotropic P-wave velocity (Vp), azimuthal anisotropy (AAN) and radial anisotropy (RAN) down to 700 km depth beneath the North China Craton (NCC) and adjacent areas, which are obtained by inverting a great number of high-quality arrival time data recorded at 1374 portable seismic stations and 635 permanent stations in the study region. Our results reveal new and detailed features of the upper mantle structure beneath the NCC. Varying structural heterogeneities are revealed beneath different tectonic blocks, and differences also exist between northern and southern parts of each block. The fast velocity directions (FVDs) of azimuthal anisotropy are mainly NW–SE under the Alaxa block, and NE–SW beneath the Tibetan Plateau. The FVDs present an arc transition along the boundary faults separating the Tibetan Plateau, the Alaxa block, the western NCC, and the Sichuan basin. Low-Vp anomalies with positive RANs (i.e. horizontal Vp > vertical Vp) are revealed at 100–200 km depths under the Tibetan Plateau, reflecting frozen-in anisotropy in the thick lithosphere. Significant low-Vp anomalies with a circular AAN pattern exist at 0–700 km depths beneath the Datong volcano. In addition, negative RAN occurs right below the volcano, whereas positive RANs appear around it, suggesting that the Datong volcano is fed by hot upwelling flow from the lower mantle associated with collapsing of subducted slab materials down to the lower mantle. The eastern NCC shows complex Vp AANs and RANs. Seismic anisotropy exhibits east–west variations in the upper mantle across the Tanlu fault zone. The west of the Tanlu fault shows negative RANs (vertical Vp > horizontal Vp), whereas its east shows positive RANs at 300–500 km depths. The low-Vp anomaly under the Datong volcano is connected with a large low-Vp anomaly beneath the eastern NCC above ∼250 km depth, suggesting that the hot upwelling flow under Datong may migrate laterally to the asthenosphere under the eastern NCC and contribute to the lithospheric delamination and destruction there.

Changes in agro-climatic characteristics and their impact on crop yields in the Saratov region

The sustainable development of agricultural production in the conditions of global climate warming is largely determined by the timely provision of up-to-date agrometeorological information. To process and interpret long-term agrometeorological data with their geographical reference, it is advisable to use the tools of geographical information systems. The article presents a method of interpretation of agrometeorological information by means of geoinformation technologies. A comparative characteristic of the probability of droughts of strong and very strong intensity in separate periods of the growing season for 1971-2000 and 2001-2021 for the natural zones of the Saratov region was given. The initial material was the climatic data on the weather stations of the Saratov region. The yield data were taken from statistical collections. Geospatial analysis of long-term climatic indicators allowed us to present their spatial distribution at the regional level.

Residual Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth Indices of Chickpea under Soybean-Chickpea System in Vertisol of Central India

A field experiment was conducted at ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Regional Station, Bhopal to evaluate the residual effect of the fertilizer with organic manure on the growth indices of chickpea in soybean-chickpea system in Vertisol of central India. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design comprising two levels of farm yard manure (5 t FYM ha-1 or No FYM) in the main plots and six micronutrient management levels (control, 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, 12.5 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + zinc solubilizer, ammonium molybdate (AM) 1 g kg-1 seed treatment + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, ammonium molybdate (AM) 1 kg ha-1 soil application + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, and ammonium molybdate (AM) 1 g kg-1 seed treatment + 0.5% foliar spray of ZnSO4 at 30 and 60 days after sowing) in sub-plots with three replications. The results revealed that the application of 5 t FYM ha-1 resulted in significantly higher values of plant height, dry matter accumulation, branches plant-1, leaf area index, leaf area duration, absolute growth rate, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate than no application of FYM. Furthermore, ammonium molybdate (AM) at 1 kg ha-1 as a basal application with 25 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 significantly improved all the growth parameters, viz. plant height, dry matter accumulation (DMA), branches plant-1, leaf area index, leaf area duration, absolute growth rate, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate over the control, 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 and 12.5 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + zinc solubilizer. However, it was statistically on par with the AM 1 g kg-1 seed treatment + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 and AM 1 g kg-1 seed treatment + 0.5% foliar spray of ZnSO4 with respect to all growth parameters. Thus, the application of farmyard manure 5 t ha-1 with AM at 1 kg ha-1 as a basal application with 25 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 could be used to sustain chickpea production and maintain soil fertility. The results highlight the importance of using plant nutrients from various sources and methods of application for realizing high chickpea productivity.

Vegetation Restoration Increases Soil Carbon Storage in Land Disturbed by a Photovoltaic Power Station in Semi-Arid Regions of Northern China

The photovoltaic industry is developing rapidly because of its renewable energy and other advantages. However, the installation of this infrastructure may affect soil, vegetation, and carbon dynamics, making it is necessary to carry out vegetation restoration work at a plant’s location in the later stages of its construction. For this reason, three types of artificial vegetation were selected (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Astragalus membra-naceus var. mongholicus and Medicago sativa) as research objects in an ecological photovoltaic power plant in Northern China, to study the changes in soil organic carbon storage (SOCS), carbon:nitrogen ratios (C:N) and C:phosphorus ratios (C:P) at different soil depths and for different vegetation types. Natural vegetation plots undisturbed by the construction of the power plant were used as a control. Seven years after revegetation, we found that the storage and content of soil organic carbon in all three artificial vegetation plots were notably lower compared to the control. Nevertheless, the soil’s organic carbon content for Medicago sativa plots increased was significantly higher by 1.2 g·kg−1 compared to Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus plots, while organic carbon storage increased significantly by 3.55 t·ha and 7.15 t·ha. SOCS, C:N, and C:P concentrations in the 0–20 cm soil layer exhibited a significantly higher value in comparison to those of the 20–40 cm soil layer. As the soil depth increased, all the concentrations declined gradually. Vegetation type and soil depth, as well as their interaction, had a significant impact on soil carbon storage, C:N, and C:P. The study area was restricted by the availability of P. In general, vegetation restoration is a beneficial ecological practice for soil restoration at photovoltaic power stations. It is believed that planting alfalfa can accelerate the improvement of soil carbon with an extension of vegetation recovery time. In order to restore the balance of nutrients for plants, it is necessary to avoid human interference at the later stage, and to supplement phosphorus as soon as possible to minimize phosphorus limitation at the later stage of vegetation growth, which is of great importance to increasing the likelihood of success in reclaiming disturbed land.

EXPRESS ANALYSIS OF PROBABILISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WIND POWER TATIONS AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION IN THE AZOV-BLACK SEA REGION OF UKRAINE

Ukraine takes part in the implementation of the European program «2´40 GW Green Hydrogen Initiative». It is planned to build 10 GW of electrolyser capacity on the territory of Ukraine for the production of «green» hydrogen using the energy of wind power stations in the Azov-Black Sea region. Territorial sea waters of Ukraine are characterized by a significant potential of offshore wind energy, which is currently developing rapidly in the world. One of the alternative options for supplying fresh water for the operation of electrolysers when powered by offshore wind power stations involves using desalinated seawater. The operation of 10 GW of electrolyser capacity will ensure the production of «green» hydrogen in the amount of 1.65 million tons per year and will require the consumption of prepared fresh water of about 24 million m3/year. Seawater desalination is an established technology that is widely used worldwide to reduce freshwater scarcity. The use of energy from wind power stations for seawater desalination is an alternative option within the scope of this Program. However, the mismatch between the random nature of wind power generation and the constant energy demand for desalination makes the integration between the two technologies all the more important. The goal of this paper is to estimate the probabilistic annual ensuring of given levels of power and volume of electricity production by wind power stations in the coastal and offshore territories of the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine. The probabilistic annual distributions of wind speed and energy indicators of wind power stations for a height of 100 meters were studied, the average annual wind speed of about 7.5 m/s was substantiated. An achievable value of the utilization rate of the installed capacity of wind power stations was obtained at the level of 35 %, provided that the generated energy is fully integrated into the technological schemes of water desalination. The duration of production of full and half volumes of electricity production and power generation is determined. Algorithms for calculating the probability of exceeding various required power levels and volumes of electricity production by wind power stations have been developed. Bibl. 48, Fig. 6, Tab. 4.

Assessment of Multi-GNSS RT-PPP Services for the Antarctic Region

The international service that ensures access to data and products of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), known as the IGS, runs a real-time service (RTS) project to support users who need real-time access to precise products. Thanks to the RTS project, it is now possible to obtain real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP) solutions. RT-PPP can be used in many real-time positioning applications that require a high level of accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility, including earth sciences, atmosphere sciences, marine sciences, natural hazards, and many more. In this study, we tested the impact of different worldwide RTS products and satellite configurations on the performance of RT-PPP accuracy, as well as convergence time, in the Antarctic’s challenging environment and extreme atmospheric conditions. We applied RT-PPP solutions using real-time precise products (satellite orbit/clock corrections, and biases to conduct the real-time PPP) provided by the IGS and NAVCAST (a real-time PPP positioning service) based on different GNSS constellations: GPS-only, Galileo-only, and a combination of GPS and Galileo. In this way, the performance of two different real-time (RT) services was compared with each other. At the same time, the effectiveness of the Galileo global navigation satellite system for RT-PPP was also tested, and the Galileo system’s contribution to the GPS-only RT-PPP solution was investigated. The PPP-WIZARD software was used to process the corrections and GNSS data from a reference station in the Antarctic region. Although GPS-only, Galileo-only, and multi-GNSS solutions obtained from both RT services were found to have very close accuracy to each other, the combination of the GPS and Galileo systems produced better accuracy than when using the GPS system alone. According to the numerical results of this study, it was concluded that the real-time PPP technique gave promising results in such a challenging environment of the Antarctic region. However, we also observe that the RT-PPP technique requires a stable and robust internet connection, which might limit its usefulness in remote regions. Overall, we found the RT-PPP technique to be a viable alternative to conventional relative GNSS positioning techniques, especially in areas where continuously operating reference networks or similar networks are lacking.

Genotypes Performance, Characterization and Genetic Variability Studies of Sweet Pepper Accessions for Different Traits

The study was conducted during two consecutive years 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 at IARI, Regional Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India to evaluate for genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of nineteen genotypes. Our objective was to select the promising genotypes under open condition with better horticultural attributes under Western Maharashtra plain zone. Based on average of two years data, total yield ranged from 1.79-4.22 t ha-1 and maximum observed in Orobelle Yellow. TSS ranged from 6.35–9.66°Brix, maximum in KTC-153 while Vitamin C content varied between 129.99–175.57 mg 100 g-1 FW maximum in ATS-89. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was greater than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits. However, GCV values were near to PCV values for most of the characters indicating high contribution of genotypic effect for phenotypic expression. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance (Mean %) was obtained for plant height, number of fruits plant-1, yield plant-1, yield ha-1, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit cavity, fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, and hundred seed weight, reflecting the presence of additive gene effects for the expression of these traits. Genotypes NS-281, KTP-141, SH-SP-4-1, SH-SPH-603, ATS-89, ATS-86, KTC-153, ATS-86 were found promising in one or the other characters like number of fruits plant-1, yield plant-1, yield (t ha-1), Vitamin C content, TSS. These lines can be used as pre-breeding material for hybridization programme.

Investigating the Impact of Zinc on Chlorophyll Content and Leaf Area in Arecanut Seedlings

A sand culture experiment was carried out at ICAR-CPCRI, Regional Station, Vittal in the year 2021, to evaluate the impact of different concentrations of Zinc (Zn) on chlorophyll content and leaf area in arecanut seedlings. Eight varieties of arecanut seedlings (Mangala, Swarnamangala, Madhuramangala, Shatamangala, South Kanara local (S K local), Thirthahalli, Sirsi arecanut selection -1 (SAS -1), Hirehalli dwarf) were cultivated in a naturally ventilated glasshouse using sand culture provided with 0.031, 0.093 and 0.156 ppm of Zn. After six months of growth, the seedlings were assessed for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, and total leaf area. The results indicated that the chlorophyll content and total leaf area of arecanut seedlings were significantly influenced by different varieties and varying levels of zinc supplementation. Maximum values for both chlorophyll content and total leaf area were observed at a Zn concentration of 0.093 ppm (Z2 level). This study suggests that among the different levels of Zn, a concentration of 0.093 ppm (medium level) is optimal for promoting the growth of arecanut seedlings.

EARTHQUAKE of APRIL 24, 2018 with KR=10.5, Мw3.9 and I0=5 in the ANAPA-NOVOROSSIYSK ZONE

The article presents instrumental and macroseismic data on the earthquake of April 24, 2018 with Мw=3.9, which occurred at the Black Sea coast near the Abrau Peninsula. The earthquake was felt in 15 settlements at distances up to 52 km from the epicenter with an intensity of 3 to 5 points. The earthquake occurred in the Black Sea zone of occurrence of earthquakes. The scalar seismic moment М0 and the spectral moment magnitude Mw=3.9 were calculated based on the spectra of seven regional stations. The focal mechanism was constructed based on the signs of the first movement in the P-wave at 68 stations. It is established that a thrust has occurred in the source along a northwest-trending plane dipping to the northeast, which is consistent with the orientation and dip of the fault planes of tectonic structures in the area of the source. The macroseismic manifestations of the April 24, 2018 earthquake made it possible to choose the most acceptable depth value and calculate the intensity at the epicenter (h=10 km, I0=5)