Station Wagon Research Articles

Analysis of the electric drive mode use and energy flow in hybrid drives of SUVs in urban and extra-urban traffic conditions

The fuel consumption reduction increases the share of hybrid systems in the vehicle market. SUVs (sport utility vehicle) which is typically a kind of station wagon with off-road vehicle features are equipped with such systems increasingly more often. Using the representatives of this vehicle group (Toyota, Lexus), energy flow analysis was performed in the urban and extra-urban driving conditions in a typical agglomeration. The amount of energy used and recovered was estimated, taking regenerative braking into account. Analyzes were performed to determine the driving conditions in electric mode. The electric mode drive share of such vehicles in urban and extra-urban conditions was determined. There was a large share of electric mode during braking and an increased share when traveling at a constant speed. It has been shown that this driving mode share is significant at low and medium speeds, and decreases at a speed above 50 km/h (regardless of the driving conditions). The share of electric mode driving in urban conditions was estimated: it is at least 40 % of the covered distance and is significantly reduced in extra-urban driving conditions (share of up to 20 %). This article specifies the parameters of the electrical system cooperation in real driving conditions. Analyzes of these works are important to recognize the future possibilities of improving the control of the hybrid drive.

Aluminum Applications in Lightweight Design for Small Commercial Vehicles and Station Wagons

Aluminum Applications in Lightweight Design for Small Commercial Vehicles and Station Wagons

Not Knowing as Luxury: Strategic Nonknowledge and the Demand for a “Sportbrake”

The potential of positive and strategic nonknowledge as a major element in the perception and consumption of luxury products has not received much attention, to date. Using the example of an unlikely premium or luxury car – an estate or station wagon made by the car manufacturer Jaguar – this article argues that the invitation to make future customers guess about possible sets of nonknowledge may be able to amplify not only demand, through secrets, but also to build up feelings of ease and comfort by improving trust in organizational credibility. In the case of an unusual car, the risk that the manufacturer is being mocked can thus be diminished via strategic nonknowledge, because the fact that a “sportbrake” may not be appropriate for a luxury and sports car manufacturer, such as Jaguar, will move into the background of the debate by initiating discussions and well informed speculations on whether they are “doing it” or not. Thus, to strategically spread nonknowledge about whether this car might not be produced at all may be a conceptualized element for successfully breaking with the tradition of a manufacturer and for directing the focus of the ensuing discussion onto the fact that this “non-traditional” car could be quite useful and luxurious, after all. Strategic not knowing then can be rendered a crucial element among potential customers and online communities in the social construction of luxury.

With and beyond Borders: Toward a Posthumanist American Studies

With and beyond Borders: Toward a Posthumanist American Studies Johanna Heil (bio) To survive the Borderlands you must live sin fronteras be a crossroads. —Gloria Anzaldúa, “To Live in the Borderlands Means You” I grew up during the Cold War in a divided country—divided by a fence, a wall, and two political and economic systems at (cold) war with one another. I lived just outside the town of Fulda, Germany, a small city with a beautiful baroque historic center known to locals as the favorite settlement of Saint Boniface, the eighth-century “apostle of the Germans,” whose bones were laid to rest in Fulda’s abbey church. But Fulda is not only famous for its role in the Christianization of medieval Germania. In the twentieth century, it became a site of some geopolitical significance: during the Cold War, the German- German border ran eighteen miles east of Fulda, through the rolling hillside of the Rhön. The area around Fulda is a corridor of low land known as the Fulda Gap, which connects the former border region to western Germany. This corridor was strategically important during the Cold War because it was believed to be the passage the Soviet army would have used to attack the West. I was too young to understand why my American neighbor worked at the military base in Fulda, and I certainly could not grasp the full significance of the observation post Point Alpha in the Rhön (now a [End Page 343] Cold War museum). But although the border seemed mostly virtual for me, it also felt real and menacing—I saw it during Rhön hikes and could feel how uncomfortable the adults became at the sight of the watch-towers on the other side. I sometimes felt it looming like a dark cloud over the freedom that I was enjoying in the West, because, whether consciously or unconsciously I cannot tell, I was aware of the privilege that came with my West Germanness and my passport. During the Cold War and the later period between the fall of the Berlin Wall and the opening of the European borders, I did not experience most borders as closed; after all, my family and I could travel wherever we wanted, and our station wagon was rarely or never stopped. But maybe this was also because we had been taught where we wanted to go. The night when the Berlin Wall fell, I watched my parents watching the news. Stirred by the excitement of so many people, I feigned understanding of what was happening on the screen; I took our huge atlas off the shelf, found the page with the national flags, and proudly crossed out the flag of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). After all, I thought that the “other Germany” and the border in the Rhön no longer existed and thus no longer required representation. In the years that followed, borders were no longer an immediate concern of my childhood. One exception was in school, where I learned about world geography by marking the borders of nation-states in red ink. I did not yet understand that the lines we drew were the color of blood because many could not cross those borders without paying for the passage with their blood. Soon, my neighbor moved back to the United States, the US military base in Fulda was closed, and everyone in town was sad to see the Americans go. As they went they made room for new people to arrive, but those who arrived from the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were less warmly welcomed. ________ Thinking about American studies in a transnational and a critical post-humanist context as a German scholar today, I am often reminded of how I experienced history and borders as a child in Fulda. A city founded to bring Christianity to Germania in the Middle Ages, late modernity brought Fulda right back to the front line of ideological combat. Interestingly, then, the history of my hometown brackets the history of the United States in that it brackets modernity with its humanism, the period when the United States was conceived, came of age as a...

Theoretically and Numerical Resonance Model Analysis of Car’s Tyre using ANSYS

This paper presents the frequency analysis of car’s tyre under the value of speed 100km/h. Model analysis is to determine thevibration characteristics (natural frequencies and mode shapes) of a structure or machine component while it is being designed.Model analysis is a way to calculate the natural frequencies of the system in structural mechanics. It is to determine the naturalmode shapes and frequencies of an object or structure during free vibration. The natural frequencies and mode shapes areimportant parameters in the design of a structure for dynamic loading conditions. The numerical results of natural frequencies for global mode shapes were compared with the working frequency of the car’s tyre. The model of tyre is drawn by using SolidWorks 2014 and analyzed by ANSYS 14.5. The material of tyre is rubber. The investigation is made on tyre model of station wagon, Toyota’s Kluger. The tyre sidewall marking is P225/65R*17. There are many forces acting on the wheel. Inflation pressure acts on the tyre with the magnitude of 241kPa. Principal stress theory, Von-Mises stress theory, deformation and natural frequency equations are applied theoretically and numerically. The results from theoretical and numerical approaches of frequencies of tyre are compared. The working frequency of tyre is 4.495Hz. The numerical result of frequency are first mode shape 446.99Hz, second mode shape 446.99Hz, third mode shape 806.84Hz, fourth mode shape 811.8Hz, fifth mode shape 1487.6Hz, sixth mode shape 1496.7Hz, seventh mode shape 1575.7Hz, eighth mode shape 446.99Hz,ninth mode shape 446.99Hz and tenth mode shape 446.99Hz. Working frequency does not match with natural frequencies of car’s tyre at all mode shapes. This gives a clear indication that tyre is safe against the resonance phenomenon.

SCIENTIFIC WORLDVIEW OF PROFESSOR A. DOGLIOTTI (1897-1966) (TO THE 120 ANNIVERSARY SINCE BIRTH)

Achilles Mario Dogliotti, the surgeon station wagon, the author a set of new interventions in neuro, onko-and a heart surgery performed the first-ever successful operation with use of the cardiopulmonary bypass on August 7, 1951. Dogliotti paid special attention and fruitfully was engaged in surgery of a liver and biliary tract. He developed a way of removal of bile in cases when it is impossible to use the general bilious channel with a resection of a part of the left share of a liver (Dogliotti’s way); operation at damage of outside bilious ways with sewing together of a channel on a rubber tube and removal of its disteel end through a front wall of a stomach and a front belly wall outside (Dogliotti’s operation); a way of drainage of biliary tract with carrying out a drainage tube with several side openings outside through the general bilious channel in a duodenum (Dogliotti’s way). A number of interesting innovations offered Dogliotti in cardiovascular surgery. So, it possesses a way of prosthetics of the mitralny valve the pericardium rag on a leg entered into a heart cavity through its wall and attached between the papillary muscles (Dogliotti’s method). He offered some modifications of operations at the inborn and acquired heart diseases. For partial compression of large vessels of Dogliotti developed the tool having three working bransh (a surgical clip of Dogliotti-Vishnevsky), I developed the device for artificial blood circulation and some other original tools for cardiovascular surgery. One of first-ever it made operation with use of extracorporal blood circulation in clinic. Also its researches and clinical application of a moderate and deep hypothermia in heart surgery are known. A. Dogliotti “The treatise on anesthesiology” (1952), “The operational equipment” (1956), “Surgery of bilious ways” (1958) published about 300 scientific works on surgery, including the monograph “Surgical Semiotics and Diagnostics” (1948). I created a number of original tools for cardiovascular surgery, I designed the device for artificial blood circulation, I offered some modifications of operations at the inborn and acquired heart diseases. One of first-ever I made operation in the conditions of extracorporal blood circulation.

Transportation Factors in the Distribution of Agricultural Produce to Urban Center in Nigeria

Abstract This research analyzed the transportation factors in the distribution of agricultural produce in ljebu north local government area of Ogun State. A total of 100 questionnaires were randomly and purposively distributed to transporters in Ijebu North local government Area, while 95 were collected and analyzed. The field survey revealed that 94 of the respondents representing 98.9% are male, 1 of the respondents representing 1.1% is female. Estimated income of transport operators from field survey revealed that 16 of the respondent representing 16.8% earned below N5, 000, 11 of the respondent representing 11.6% earned between N5, 001 and N10,000, 35 of the respondent representing 36.8% earned between N10,001 and N20,000. 25(26.3%) earn between N20,001 and N30,000, 8(8.4%) earn above N30,000.Observation from the field survey also shown that 5(5.3%) transporter revealed that they operate with buses, 18(18.9%) transporters revealed that they operate with station wagon, 39(41.1%) transporters revealed that they operate with pick-up van, 20(21.1%) transporters revealed that they operate with saloon car while 13.7% transporters revealed that they operate with other means. Finding shows that combination of food crops, cash crops, tubers, poultry, fruits, vegetables and poultry product dominate Ijebu North Local Government Area in which farmers combined cultivation of those crops. Roads in the study area are in a deplorable condition, the type of vehicle used by farmers and traders depend on the volume of the agricultural produce.

Automation of Work Processes at Ukrainian Sorting Stations

The article analyses the existing options for improving sorting stations operation by implementing informational support and automated systems as well as the development of new ideas to solve this issue. The study of this theme makes it possible to improve all basic indicators of station operation, the directorate and the railway as a whole. This study is a scientific problem to be reasonably considered with a systematic approach. The problem of sorting stations description as a complex facility of automation in the design systems of unified automated control systems has been considered. The analysis of up-to-date information systems and technologies being utilized at sorting stations of Ukraine has been carried out. Functional capabilities to be achieved while integration of the “Automated control system” into the ASFTO UZ – (e) have been achieved. Directions for further development of automated subsystem “Dynamic work of the railway junction” requiring scientific researches in solving complex tasks for providing communication between the station wagon and the departure (transport document) have been determined. It has been determined that the further development of automated subsystem “Dynamic work of the railway junction” was impossible without interaction with the feeder lines model, because all sorting stations perform a large amount of work with the participation of feeder lines.

Energy Performance Evaluation for Three Selected Common Commercial Vehicles Based on Fuel Economy

This work is on measurement of automobile performance on Nigerian roads using the method of fuel economy. The current located area is the road linking Maiduguri city to Bama town all in Bono State, Nigeria. The emphasis is made on performance of automobile in relation to fuel consumption with fuel economy. Road safety enhancement is also highlighted. Two particular methods (by two groups of physicists) were first identified for measurement of automobile performance. For reasons of accuracy, one of them was decided for the current study area covering a distance of sixty-six kilometers (66 km). Three samples of vehicles namely, Golf II, Hiace II and 505 Peugeot Station Wagon were chosen because the 1985 models were found to be commoner. Conditions of the road affected the results. Further, when global averages of the samples were analyzed, except for small deviation, the method verified well. Other useful parameters associated with fuel consumption and fuel economy were also determined. This study particularly finds that the average fuel economy, average energetic performance of both Golf II and 505 Peugeot Station Wagon is equivalent but higher than that of Hiace II.

On-road and laboratory emissions of NO, NO2, NH3, N2O and CH4 from late-model EU light utility vehicles: Comparison of diesel and CNG

Exhaust emissions of eight Euro 6 light duty vehicles – two station wagons and six vans – half powered by diesel fuel and half by compressed natural gas (CNG) were examined using both chassis dynamometer and on-road testing. A portable on-board FTIR analyzer was used to measure concentrations of reactive nitrogen compounds – NO, NO2 and ammonia, of CO, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and greenhouse gases CO2, methane and N2O. Exhaust flow was inferred from engine control unit data. Total emissions per cycle were compared and found to be in good agreement with laboratory measurements of NOX, CO and CO2 during dynamometer tests. On diesel engines, mean NOX emissions were 136–1070mg/km in the laboratory and 537–615mg/km on the road, in many cases nearly an order of magnitude higher compared to the numerical value of the Euro 6 limit. Mean N2O emissions were 3–19mg/km and were equivalent to several g/km CO2. The measurements suggest that NOX and N2O emissions from late-model European light utility vehicles with diesel engines are non-negligible and should be continuously assessed and scrutinized. High variances in NOX emissions among the tested diesel vehicles suggest that large number of vehicles should be tested to offer at least some insights about distribution of fleet emissions among vehicles. CNG engines exhibited relatively low emissions of NOX (12–186mg/km) and NH3 (10–24mg/km), while mean emissions of methane were 18–45mg/km, under 1g/km CO2 equivalent, and N2O, CO, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were negligible. The combination of a relatively clean-burning fuel, modern engine technology and a three-way catalyst has resulted in relatively low emissions under the wide variety of operating conditions encountered during the tests. The on-board FTIR has proven to be a useful instrument capable of covering, with the exception of total hydrocarbons, essentially all gaseous pollutants of interest.

Vehicle Speed and Length Estimation Using Data from Two Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) Sensors.

Methods for estimating a car’s length are presented in this paper, as well as the results achieved by using a self-designed system equipped with two anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) sensors, which were placed on a road lane. The purpose of the research was to compare the lengths of mid-size cars, i.e., family cars (hatchbacks), saloons (sedans), station wagons and SUVs. Four methods were used in the research: a simple threshold based method, a threshold method based on moving average and standard deviation, a two-extreme-peak detection method and a method based on the amplitude and time normalization using linear extrapolation (or interpolation). The results were achieved by analyzing changes in the magnitude and in the absolute z-component of the magnetic field as well. The tests, which were performed in four different Earth directions, show differences in the values of estimated lengths. The magnitude-based results in the case when cars drove from the South to the North direction were even up to 1.2 m higher than the other results achieved using the threshold methods. Smaller differences in lengths were observed when the distances were measured between two extreme peaks in the car magnetic signatures. The results were summarized in tables and the errors of estimated lengths were presented. The maximal errors, related to real lengths, were up to 22%.

The Best Fried Chicken

The Best Fried Chicken Ann Hood (bio) I have massaged it with herbs. Bathed it in buttermilk. Immersed it in water, sugar, and salt. Rolled it in corn flakes, panko, seasoned crumbs. I have spent three days tending to it, double dipping and double dredging and double bathing. Ham has been involved. Also, hot pepper flakes. But now I know that the finest way to make fried chicken is to dust it with heavily salted and peppered flour and fry it in lard until crisp. That’s the way my father did it, and his mother before him. That’s the way they still do it in his part of Indiana, which is to say the southeast corner whose Hoosiers are more Kentucky than Midwest. But like all children when they grow up, I doubted and questioned him and his chicken. I grew too sophisticated, and turned away from everything I once believed to be true. I tasted too many others that had been fried by the likes of Edna Lewis and Sean Brock. I forgot the crunch of that Indiana chicken, its moistness and peppery kick. I forgot until a yearning for people and things I no longer had forced me backward, and brought me home. I have read that Virginia Woolf’s earliest memory was a close-up view of the floral pattern on her mother’s dress on a train trip to St. Ives. The English poet Edwin Muir’s first memory was of his gold and [End Page 1] scarlet baptism suit. American historian Henry Adams remembered the yellow of a kitchen bathed in sunlight. Tolstoy’s first memory was of being swaddled and crying out for freedom. Me, I remember fried chicken. I was three, or maybe four, lying on my back in what we called the way back of our green Chevy station wagon, watching the trees that lined the Blue Ridge Parkway in Virginia speed past. Every weekend we would get in that station wagon and take a long drive. To the Luray Caverns or Monticello or a glass factory outlet somewhere in West Virginia. And always on these day trips there was a picnic, eaten at a picnic table beneath mountain pines. Always potato salad, bread and butter, plums and peaches. Always fried chicken. My brother Skip, older by five years, tall and solid (our mother bought his clothes in the Husky section at Heck’s Department Store), wore his summer buzz cut and a striped shirt. A Four Seasons song played on the radio—“Rag Doll” or “Big Girls Don’t Cry”—and my mother sang along softly and off-key from the front seat. My father drove. His left arm, the one with the tattoo of an eagle in front of a blazing red setting sun, rested on the sill of the open window, and his fine blond hair fluttered in the hot breeze. We four were displaced. I didn’t know it then, but ever since they’d married a decade earlier my parents had been moving at the whim of the US Navy, for whom my father was a proud Seabee. They’d lived in Naples, Italy, and Annapolis, Maryland, with long stretches in between during which my father was at sea. My mother was homesick for her small hometown in Rhode Island, for the house where her mother still lived, for the nearness of her sisters and brothers, all of them within walking distance of that house on Fiume Street where they’d all been born. I didn’t know that she was still grieving the sudden loss of her favorite sister, Ann-Marie, who had died six years earlier during a routine wisdom tooth extraction. I only knew that my mother had sad eyes, and that it wasn’t uncommon for me to walk down the long hall of our apartment and find her staring out the window and crying. To me, my world was that apartment in Arlington, Virginia, and my family was the four of us—Mom, Dad, Skip, and me. [End Page 2] So I am on my back in the way back of our green Chevy station wagon and my brother in...

Analysis of the Vorticity in the Near Wake of a Station Wagon

A computational study of the turbulent flow around a modified station wagon vehicle is presented in order to predict aerodynamic forces and to understand some details of the near wake. The geometrical model was obtained by a three-dimensional scanning process but excludes some details of the vehicle such as the engine bay, and the underfloor was considered flat. A hybrid mesh (prisms' layers and tetrahedral) was generated with refinements close to the vehicle surface (including the wheels) and the near wake. The simulations were performed in the commercial software ansys fluent at a Reynolds number of 2.7 × 106 based on the wheelbase. Numerical results of the drag coefficient predict values of 0.431 which is considered in fairly good agreement with the experimental result (based on a coastdown test) of 0.404. Contours of velocity, pressure, and eddy viscosity field show some important features of the separated flow in the rear part of the vehicle. A detailed study of the near wake was performed in which the evolution of the vorticity was analyzed in the downstream direction, showing several pairs of counter-rotating vortices generated from the upper part of the A-pillar, wing mirrors, and the fender of the vehicle.

Speaking of Lineage

Speaking of Lineage Jackson Connor (bio) Don’t mention the rest of us punched silent rivets in his cell walls, us proteins that rebar his brickface, that buttress his architecture now warm, now capable, now built of the junkyard dead. —Jaswinder Bolina It’s hard to wake in the morning to poverty and despair and not want to blame our fathers. Look at mine, for instance, handsome enough, fit, smart as all hell, his own hands the size of God most of my life, and just happy to be here. Him, wrapped up in country music, and just fine with the way things are. If the sun don’t come up tomorrow, Mom made him [End Page 56] a t-shirt when I was eight, people I have had a good time, a Hank Williams Jr. song. Other phrases come to mind, lines that define his character, tell me how tough he is, how tough his mother was, how no matter how bad times got, she could always find a way to smile through things. All of this, too, is at the heart of my approach to the world, never necessarily concerning myself with home equity or a retirement plan, never fully understanding the difference between escrow and a bridge loan, never thinking beyond the day’s concerns as long as there was something to laugh about come evening. The t-shirt has long since become a household rag, then a shop rag, and then lining for the trash can, and I doubt my folks have thought of it for some time, but if my family had a crest, if my dad had a tombstone, if our collective unconscious had a tattoo, no doubt, they would all be etched thick with those Hank Jr. lyrics. He and his two sisters used to carry chunks of cast iron to bed with them, heated in the wood stove, actual irons Grandma Ruby used to smooth strangers’ laundry. A non-electric iron—something entirely foreign to me—in a house without electricity, even into the 1950s. He never complained about this, but speaks of it with that restfully tilted head and scrunched cheek one has during a nostalgic fit, not quite smiling, not quite longing, not quite in this moment. Nostalgia is the damnedest part about being human, always telling us who we are, often keeping us from what we want to be. Grandma Ruby pulled the irons from the woodstove, snugged them up in towels, tucked the towels to her kids’ chests, and layered them with blankets. This on the coldest, most tightly snowed-in days. If Dad and his sisters had had a television at moments like that, they could have tapped into Leave It to Beaver. They could have watched Father Knows Best. Instead, they had the smoky [End Page 57] glow of oil lamps, a fifty-yard trudge through the muddy yard to the outhouse, a crossword puzzle book, sometimes a jigsaw puzzle. Suburbia was supposed to be everywhere. The very word America meant a cul de sac and a station wagon to much of the country, but, truth be told, Dad never thought of himself as poor either. The poor kids at his school sometimes had shoes, sometimes had no shoes. They lived in lean-tos or an abandoned bus, one family in a cave—a mother, three kids, the products of broken promises, some kind of mental illness, and hard luck; the mother had no idea where to seek help or even what to ask for if she had. But Dad could always find something to smile about, despite this backdrop of actual poverty, of barely human, entirely un-American lives. He played baseball, of course, made the wrestling team, had this kind of attitude—I’ll do this homework if it don’t waste my time—all the way through high school, and some teachers respected that, while others wanted the world to be my way or the highway, and they, after all, held the gradebook and were not interested in blind justice nearly as much as dumb obedience and mute conformity. He’s a smart dude, no doubt about that, but he had no practical...

Experimental characterization of the unsteady natural wake of the full-scale square back Ahmed body: flow bi-stability and spectral analysis

In recent years, the increasing interest in reducing the aerodynamic drag of vehicles, such as station wagons, minivans or buses, has led research to focus on the characterization of square back bluff geometries. In this paper, the results of an extensive experimental campaign on the full-scale well-known body of Ahmed et al. (1984) are presented, for two height-based Reynolds numbers, \(Re_{\rm H} = 5.1 \times 10^5\) and \(7.7 \times 10^5\). Eighty-one measurement points were used to map the base pressure field, while the wake topology was investigated by means of a series of ten 2D Particle Image Velocimetry planes. These measurements clearly show that the wake presents a bi-stable behavior, characterized by a random succession of switches between two well-defined mutually symmetric configurations, confirming the results from Grandemange et al. (J Fluid Mech 722:51–84, 2013b. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2013.83) for the same model. For the presented results, the timescale of this phenomenon is of the order of \(800 \, V_{\infty} / H\). The sensitivity of the bi-stability to the yaw angle was also investigated, and considerations on how to take such a behavior into account in post-processing this kind of field are given. High-frequency measurements were also carried out with four piezoelectric transducers and a synchronized two-component hot-wire. The results show a low-frequency spectral activity: peaks at \(St_{\rm H} = 0.13\) and 0.19, corresponding to vortex shedding modes, were found on the lateral base pressures and in the far wake, whereas a signature at \(St_{\rm H} = 0.08\) was visible on the vertical base centerline and in the recirculation bubble shear layer. Correlation analysis and proper orthogonal decomposition confirm the interpretation of the latter mode as the pumping of the recirculation bubble.

Horse Sense

Horse Sense Roger Bonair-Agard (bio) I’d never ridden a horse before, but I didn’t think that an obstacle to doing so on this particular day. The weather, which was treacherously close to falling below sixty degrees, even though it was June, just a day earlier, had finally begun acting right, and it was a robust seventy-five by 10[sc]am[sc]. I awoke early and came downstairs to my host’s huge kitchen. She was already up and drinking a Bloody Mary to go along with the cigarette, and she smiled broadly. “Ready to ride some horses?” “Born ready,” I answered with my usual bluster and she and Katherine laughed and we agreed that we should all have either some coffee or some hair of the dog that had attacked us viciously last night, as Margaret was doing with her Bloody Mary. Katherine and I had come up the previous day from the city for the conference which was being chaired by Margaret and were being put up at Margaret’s house, a massive converted and modernized farmhouse attached to a ranch where Margaret’s four horses were being kept. We were in Canton, New York, where one had to fly into an airport on something like a station wagon with wings, which was so close to the Canadian border that it flew both flags. I opted for coffee. After coffee I returned upstairs to put on jeans and shoes. I opted to remain shirtless. I was never one much for clothes and by the time we ambled on out to the barn it was approaching eighty degrees and I was basking in the heat. I craved the heat on my skin, still do. It is perhaps what I miss most about Trinidad, about home. The groom was a sixty-year-old man named Paul who was a shade over six feet and 150lbs. He was wiry and his arms seemed criss-crossed with cables of muscle. Several teeth were missing, but there was no mistaking his authority out there in the barn, his easy confidence with the animals. He was a congenial man, who spent much of his younger years in Kentucky in the horse-racing industry. An aspiring jockey in his youth, he grew too tall and a little too heavy to make it on the pro-circuit, but he loved the horses and stayed around them his whole life. He walked with a slight limp, which he had explained the night before was from an injury many years before, trying to break a horse, but he moved so easily with the faulty gait, you could imagine he’d been born with it. In one of the stalls was a massive young stallion. Its withers were well over my head, and its entire bearing was haughty. Of all the horses, it was the one that seemed least respectful of Paul. It wasn’t disrespectful exactly, but clearly it felt itself on equal footing with Paul. My breath caught in my stomach when I saw it and I pointed. “Do I get to ride that one?” Everyone fell out laughing. “That horse will kill you as easy as it’ll look at you,” said Paul, “he aint broken yet and it’ll be a minute before we kin even git a saddle on ‘im. Besides, if you aint never rode befo, I suggest we put you on this old mare right here. She’s easy and she knows how to handle an inexperienced rider.” I laughed at myself and discarded [End Page 139] my cowboy fantasies for the day. “No doubt,” I said, “sounds like a good idea.” The old mare was much smaller than Black Beauty, but an impressive sized animal nonetheless. I made up my mind to develop good rapport with her. Margaret and Katherine were both riders, and comfortable on all sorts of horses. They were designated the two young, frisky white Arabians. They were beautiful animals. They looked fast. Paul taught me how to saddle up the horse. I talked to her, fed her an apple, and in the few minutes before I draped the blanket over her back, nothing felt...

Walking Alone Together: Family Monsters in The Haunting of Hill House

Within, walls continued upright, bricks met neatly, floors were firm, and doors were sensibly shut; silence lay steadily against wood and stone of Hill House, and whatever walked there walked alone. - Shirley Jackson, The Haunting of Hill House (3) Elaine Tyler May has observed that the legendary family of 1950s, complete with appliances, station wagons, backyard barbecues, and tricycles scattered on sidewalks, represented...the first wholehearted effort to create a home that would fulfill virtually all its members' personal needs through an energized and expressive personal life (11). The energies thus expended in pursuit of such easeful fulfillment were, ironically, volatile, if much of popular print and screen discourse from that era devoted to promulgating sacralization of nuclear family is to be believed. For in media (if not necessarily in actuality) iconic households that aspired to keep outer world at bay were spaces besieged from within—haunted is an appropriate metaphor—by family members intent upon usurping complete control over premises in pursuit of their own whims and desires, thereby undermining communal basis of familial model. Overly needy personal lives too self- seeking threatened to usurp all family's energies unto themselves. Wise, authoritative fathers could become overbearing tyrants; affectionate nurturing mothers could become smotheringly manipulative Moms; and adorably lively children could become egocentric little monsters. The title of one of many screeds of time that sounded alarm bells about perilous consequences of domesticity gone awry provided a concise bestiary of trio of mythic figures that were allegedly threatening nation's well-lit living rooms: Dangerous

Acceptance of the 2014 Henry Baldwin Ward Medal: Arriving dead center of a target I didn't know I was aiming for.

I remember it like it was yesterday: I am sitting in the back seat of a sedan, Tim is driving, Bob Dylan’s harmonica is screeching seemingly endlessly through the speakers right next to my head. I am a first year Master’s student who just moved from Germany to the United States a few weeks back, driving to Atlanta to attend my first ASP meeting in 1993. Not in my wildest dreams could I have imagined that one day I might stand in front of you, this illustrious crowd of friends and colleagues, to accept this award. Tim, thank you very much for the introduction. My sincerest thank you also to the individuals that nominated me, and those that supported my nomination. Thank you also to the H. B. Ward Medal Committee. I am up here flooded by a complete dichotomy of emotions: pure panic and apprehension, and sincerest gratitude and elation. In preparation for this moment one involuntarily submits to a certain degree of introspection and retrospection. My recollections of the series of circumstances and events that had an impact on my becoming a parasitologist are not unique, since, like for many of you in the audience, they involve a certain degree of serendipity. Unusual might be that my path originated not in North America, but in Germany. I wracked my brain about the source of my interest in the natural world or the early influences that lead me to choose biology as an academic focus in high school and university—without resolve. My mother argues that my interest in the natural sciences is genetic. ‘‘We have many doctors in the family’’ she reasons. I might argue it was more of a subconscious choice, a culmination of experiences and passive exposures. But really, your guess is as good as mine. Maybe growing up in the maritime region of Germany had something to do with it. Most of my early childhood, and that of my 2 younger siblings, Katharina and Christian, was spent in northern Germany, Lower Saxony to be specific, located approximately 50 miles inland from the North Sea. My mother, Gerda Jensen, was a nurse; my father, Helmut Jensen, an officer in the German Air Force. My father was more of the left-brain type, while my mother was the nurturing soul of the family. I spent my summer holidays at my grandmother’s who lived a mere 10 km from the North Sea, puttering around the house or in the garden. She spoiled me with my favorite foods. A particular favorite was eel that she would buy fresh at the local farmers market, put in a bucket with salt, let wiggle to death, cut up into 2 inch-long pieces, and fry in butter. In 1977, my father was transferred to Fort Bliss, an Army base in El Paso, Texas. The German Air Force Command had operated an Air Defense school at Fort Bliss since 1956; it closed in 2013. I was 6 yr old then, Katharina 2, and Christian 6 wk. We would stay in El Paso for a period of 31⁄2 yr. It was always sunny, warm, if not hot, and we would go shopping or for Mexican food in Ciudad Juarez. I attended the German School on Base, which had grades 1–4. My most vivid memories are of our family’s numerous 4–6-wk-long road trips in a Ford LTD station wagon pulling a small trailer. Destinations included all the major national parks and Mexico. We drove as far south as Acapulco in the west and Chetumal in the east. In retrospect, this was a true testament to my parents’ sense of adventure. After El Paso, we moved back to the northern part of Germany, near Bremen, a town called Delmenhorst. My middle school and early high school years were pretty uneventful. My parents both worked; we kids went to school. I attended the Max Planck Gymnasium from grade 7 through 13, among a graduating class of approximately 100 students. After school and on the weekends I was an avid team handball player and referee. To earn some pocket money, over the years, I had various jobs, including working in a local bakery selling cream pies, picking strawberries, and working as a cashier at IKEA. In 11th grade, we had to choose 2 Leistungskurse, that is, subjects with more lessons each week and that have a proportionally greater impact on the final Abitur (high school exit exam) score. I chose Biology and Mathematics. I mention this here because the choice of the latter DOI: 10.1645/14-634.1

Dashboard Poet: Roger Miller

who lives by the song shall die by the road.--Roger (1) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Even before he became the King of the Road, Roger reigned as the undisputed king of the dashboard poets. By his own recollection, he composed his first solo hit, You Don't Want Love, on the road from Fort Worth to Nashville. Just along by myself, described the process, sipping a little wine here and along the way [to] keep my spirits up. His first top-ten hit, When Two Worlds Collide, came about in Miller's Rambler station wagon during an all-night drive with Bill Anderson. In those days we didn't have these little tape recorders like you do now, said Anderson, we had to stay up all night singing it to each other, all the way down there, so we wouldn't forget it. Miller's classic ballad Husbands and Wives initially took shape, fittingly enough, while he and his wife were driving down the freeway one night. just started singing it, said Miller, who wrote the rest of the song on a ride home from the Los Angeles airport with friend Don Bowman. Thanksgiving Day, no traffic, it took thirty or thirty-five minutes, and he was humming and tapping on the dashboard, said Bowman. He didn't say a word all the way there ... [H]e got out and walked in the house, picked up his guitar and sang 'Husbands and Wives.' Then there was King of the Road, inspired by a sign (Trailer for Sale or Rent) that saw hanging on the side of a barn one night on his way to Chicago. The song sold over one million copies and won him six Grammys in 1966. (2) Miller's only serious rival behind the wheel may have been his old friend and fellow traveler Willie Nelson, who reportedly wrote three hits--Crazy, Night Life, and Funny How Time Slips Away--over a two-week stretch as he drove back and forth, night after night, to a club on the other side of Houston. Some of my best writing, I think, is done when I'm down the highway by myself, said Nelson. My mind is clear and open and receptive. Then something will happen ... A song will start. The good ones come quickly, and then it's over. Like Nelson, did some of his best work on the road, or some variation thereof, becoming perhaps the only person in the history of recorded music to write a top-twenty hit (A World So Full of Love) on the back of a mower. Call it highway hypnosis or some sort of equivalent meditative state, there was something about laying hands to the wheel that freed up the songwriter in his mind. (3) Miller's habit of dashboard composition--which also produced Fair Swiss Maiden and Invitation to the Blues, a number-three country hit for Ray Price-- may not have been uncommon among traveling musicians of his day, most of whom were forced by necessity to write whenever and wherever they could find the time. But it's all the more impressive considering Miller's well-documented habits, which would qualify as erratic by any standard. As William Whitworth noted in his 1969 profile for The New Yorker, Miller has the manual dexterity for but not the attention span. Every few minutes, bored with simply staring at heavy traffic, he would begin reading a note from his shirt pocket, examining the instrument panel on the dash, or checking to see what was tucked under his sun visor. [His drummer Jerry] Allison saved us from certain death three times by hollering at just in time to get us off a collision course. Whitworth wasn't alone. Kris Kristofferson recalled a last minute dash to the Nashville airport during which was literally riding on the sidewalks. Mel Tillis rode with enough to know better than to let him take the wheel at all. wouldn't let him drive, said Tillis. Hell, he couldn't keep his mind on what he was doing. was either thinking of songs or [women]. Of course, was thinking about the road--at least as inspiration. …

On Violence, Joy, and Justice: The Poetry of C.k. Williams

On Violence, Joy, and Justice: The Poetry of C.k. Williams