Static Var Compensator System Research Articles

Control Strategy for Power Fluctuation Smoothing at Distribution Network Substations Considering Multiple Types of Adjustment Resources

With the proposal of the dual carbon target, the distributed photovoltaic (PV) industry has rapidly developed in recent years. However, the randomness and volatility of photovoltaic energy can be transmitted to the main grid through distribution network substations, posing challenges to the stable operation of the power system. Therefore, this paper considers tapping into the regulation potential of feeder loads on the distribution network side, as well as distributed energy storage and distributed PV resources, to enhance the grid’s control methods. A power fluctuation smoothing control strategy for substations in distribution networks, accounting for multiple types of regulation resources, is proposed. In the day-ahead stage, traditional voltage regulation devices such as the OLTC (on-load tap changer) and CB (circuit breaker) are pre-dispatched based on source–load forecasts, optimizing the fluctuation range of substation power and the number of device operations. This provides optimal substation power values for day-to-day optimization. During the intraday phase, fast regulation devices such as PV (photovoltaic), SVC (static var compensator), and energy storage systems are coordinated, and an optimization model is established with the goal of reducing power curtailment while closely tracking substation trends. This model quickly calculates the active power regulation and device operations of various adjustable resources, improving the economic efficiency of the distribution network system while achieving power fluctuation smoothing at the substation level. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the power fluctuation smoothing control model are verified through simulations on an improved standard distribution system.

Stability Improvement of Sulbagsel Electricity System Integrated Wind Power Plant Using SVC-PSS3C Based on Improved Mayfly Algorithm

This study thoroughly investigates the enhancement of power system stability through the coordinated design of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) and Multi-Band Power System Stabilizer type 3C (MB-PSS3C). An Improved Mayfly Algorithm (IMA) is employed to optimize the placement and tuning of SVC and MB-PSS3C within the Southern Sulawesi (Sulbagsel) integrated Wind Power Plant (WPP) electricity system. Mayfly intelligence is inspired by the mating and flight behaviors of adult mayflies. In its standard form, this algorithm cannot be applied to high-dimensional, nonlinear, and complex space problems. This study proposes an Exponent Decreasing Inertia Weight (EDIW) strategy to enhance the performance of the standard Mayfly Algorithm (MA). The IMA demonstrates superior performance compared to other methods, achieving a minimum fitness function value of 80.0582 and converging rapidly by 8th iteration. For SVC, the optimization analysis involved reviewing the voltage profile at each bus and analyzing Optimal Power Flow (OPF). For MB-PSS3C, the optimization focused on evaluating system stability through damping analysis, time-domain simulations, and eigenvalue visualization. The application of IMA-based SVC improved reactive power management in transmission systems, resulting in enhanced voltage profiles, OPF, and reduced transmission losses. Specifically, transmission losses decreased by 3.12% in the normal system case study and by 2.88% in the N-1 contingency case study. Meanwhile, the IMA-based MB-PSS3C enhanced system stability by increasing system damping, reducing generator oscillation overshoot, and improving system eigenvalues. The implementation of MB-PSS3C using IMA across 14 generators achieved the highest damping ratio of 0.7375, compared to 0.7274 for MB-PSS3C with MA.

Performance evaluation of a low-voltage SVC utilizing IoT streamed data for distribution systems

This paper presents the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of a novel 50 kvar Static Var Compensator (SVC) integrated with an Internet of Things (IoT) controller for a low-voltage power distribution system in Moscow. This integration enhances real-time monitoring and control capabilities over traditional SVC systems. The study focuses on advanced control systems for reactive power compensation, voltage stabilization, and overall system efficiency. Data collected over two months demonstrate the SVC’s effectiveness in maintaining a stable power factor close to unity and reducing reactive power demand. The device successfully kept voltage levels within acceptable limits across all phases, reducing fluctuations and ensuring balanced voltage levels. Key findings include enhanced reactive power compensation, voltage stabilization (minimum voltage not less than 218 V), improved system efficiency (reactive power demand from the source near zero most of the time), and significant improvements in power quality and grid stability. The case study at Kosinskaya Street, Moscow, confirms the device’s role in improving power quality and grid stability. These results support the broader deployment of IoT-integrated SVC technology in low-voltage power distribution systems.

Optimizing smart microgrid performance: Integrating solar generation and static VAR compensator for EV charging impact, emphasizing SCOPE index

The rapid global increase in electric vehicle (EV) usage, driven by its low CO2 emissions, uncomplicated maintenance, and minimal operating costs, has prompted extensive research in the field of electric vehicle charging station (EVCS). The integration of EVCS into the current distribution grid poses challenges due to potential power losses and voltage variations beyond acceptable limits. This complexity is heightened by the growing penetration of randomly dispersed solar-based distributed generation (SDG) and battery energy storage system (BESS). To address these challenges, distribution static VAR compensator (DSVC) systems have been introduced, offering benefits such as enhanced power transfer capacity, improved voltage regulation, and increased system security without requiring extensive infrastructure upgrades. This study offers SCOPE, a novel multi-objective framework that unifies the optimization goals of minimizing real power loss, lowering bus voltage variation, maximizing system voltage stability, minimizing system operating costs, and mitigating CO2 emissions. The EVCS problem is optimized within this multi-objective framework utilizing an improved bald eagle search algorithm (IBESA). The proposed model accounts for vehicle to grid (V2G) capabilities and the actual driving patterns of users over a 24-h horizon. The formulation of a smart microgrid (SMG) structure is based on modifying the standard IEEE 33-bus test radial distribution network (RDN), comprising three interconnected SMGs serving residential, commercial, and industrial users. The optimization approach based on IBESA is utilized to optimize both the siting and capacity of EVCS as well as renewable energy sources (RESs). The findings show that SDG and DSVC are effective at lowering the SCOPE index, highlighting the advantages of the suggested approach.

Transient Stability Impact of Short Circuit Fault System Based on SVC And PSS Applications

Researchers are currently focusing on two solutions, namely Static VAR compensator (SVC) and power system stabilizer (PSS), to address different power system stability issues in large area interconnected power grids. To enhance transient stability, researchers have suggested a combined approach involving SVC and PSS. In this method, SVC and PSS coordinate and cooperate with each other to provide better stability assurance. To verify the feasibility of this method, simulation experiments were conducted using MATLAB. Simulated the situation of single-phase ground fault, two-phase ground fault, and three-phase ground fault in the power system, and tested the effectiveness of SVC and PSS respectively. The simulation results show that the combined use of SVC and PSS can significantly improve the transient stability of power systems and effectively reduce the impact of faults on the system. In summary, the combined use of SVC and PSS can effectively solve various power system stability issues that may arise in large-scale interconnected power grids. By conducting simulation experiments in MATLAB, researchers have verified the feasibility of this method under different fault conditions, providing strong support for practical applications.

Improvement on the Power Compensation for the ITER Pulsed Power Electrical Network

The reliable and controllable operation of the ITER machine relies on a compatible and stable power grid. The ITER Pulsed Power Electrical Network (PPEN) already has employed the Static Var Compensator (SVC), but issues, such as poor dynamic characteristics, insufficient capacity, and lack of means to cope with active power shock are still existed. To meet the updated needs of ITER's future operation, this paper proposes the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) combined with a supercapacitor (SC) energy storage scheme (E-STATCOM) to realize active and reactive power compensation. The Energy Management Mechanism (EMM) is detailed for the operation of the entire system. Furthermore, a cooperative control method based on an improved second-order filter is presented to achieve coordination with the existing SVC system, and the control decoupling are explored in the frequency domain. The detailed models are built in MATLAB/Simulink and demonstrate that the recommended scheme can effectively and stably achieve the power compensation objective. The paper provides reference design for the upgrade of ITER machine, as well as the power compensation solution for the load with large capacity, high uncertainty and significant impulse characteristics.

Reduce Frequency Oscillation Using Energy Storage System and Phasor Measurement Units Technology

Inter-Area oscillations result from system events coupled with a poorly damped electric power system. The oscillations are observed in the large system with groups of generators, or generating plants connected by relatively weak tie lines. The frequency oscillation is the major problem for interconnected power systems; hence, the stability of these oscillations is an important condition. The inter-area oscillation, equipment such as Static Var Compensator and various Flexible AC Transmission System devices, are being increasingly used. Although Power System Stabilizers exist on many generators, there effect is only on the local area and do not effectively damp out inter-area oscillations. The injection of a stable electrical energy into disturbed power system decreases the oscillations; in our research we proposed the use of an electric energy storage system to reduce the frequency oscillations by using phasor measurement unit. This technique is applied in the Algerian interconnection power.

SVC Parameters Optimization Using a Novel Integrated MCDM Approach

Nowadays, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are used widely in many fields of research and applications. Many studies have shown that MCDM approaches are effective in determining the optimal solution to a variety of symmetrical and asymmetrical problems with numerous parameters. This article investigates a novel approach using multi criteria decision making (MCDM) to optimize the parameters of static var compensator (SVC) and power system stabilizers (PSS). The proposed technique integrates similarity membership function reduction algorithm (SMFRA), removal effects of criteria (REC) and combined compromise solution (CoCoSo). In the first stage, (SMFRA) is employed to select the most dominant controller parameters in the optimization process. Secondly, the weights of the reduced parameters are computed based on (REC). Finally, (CoCoSo) method searches for the optimal setting parameters. A detailed sensitivity analysis is presented to evaluate the obtained results. It is found that the suggested integrated technique is time saving, easily implemented and of low computation burden, which can successfully be implemented to solve a wide range of issues, both comparable and dissimilar.

Optimal controller design for non-affine nonlinear power systems with static var compensators for hybrid UAVs

A generalized non-affine nonlinear power system model is presented for a single machine bus power system with a Static Var Compensator (SVC) or State Var System (SVS) for hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The model is constructed by differential algebraic equations on the MATLAB-Simulink platform with the programming technique of its S-Function. Combining the inverse system method and the Linear Quadratic Regulation (LQR), an optimized SVC controller is designed. The simulations under three fault conditions show that the proposed controller can effectively improve the power system transient performance.

A Novel Hybrid Chaotic Jaya and Sequential Quadratic Programming Method for Robust Design of Power System Stabilizers and Static VAR Compensator

This paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm combining chaotic Jaya (CJaya) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP), namely CJaya-SQP, for solving the coordinated design problem of static var compensator (SVC) and power system stabilizers (PSSs). The CJaya serves as a global optimizer and the SQP as a local optimizer for fine-tuning the solution. In the proposed algorithm, chaotic maps are used to generate the initial solutions and control the search process. In order to prove the performance of the CJaya-SQP, a set of benchmark optimization problems is used where the results are compared with those of the basic Jaya and other recognized algorithms. The proposed optimization method is then applied for the optimal tuning of PSSs and SVC controllers in such a way that damping ratios and damping factors of the electromechanical modes are optimally improved. To illustrate the robustness of the CJaya-SQP-based coordinated PSSs and SVC controllers, the four-machine, two-area system is used. Eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear time-domain simulation vividly show that the CJaya-SQP-based coordinated controllers improve greatly the system’s dynamic stability with a robust damping of local and inter-area power oscillations.

Hybrid control strategies of SVC for reactive power compensation

<span>This article shows a prospective utilizations of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controls, like the static VAR compensator (SVC). One of the major motives for setting up an SVC is to recover dynamic voltage controller and thus increase system load aptitude. Static VAR compensator system proposed in this work consists of thyristor switched capacitor and thyristor controlled reactor sets, this style of SVC modelled using MATLAB simulink toolbox. A hybrid genetic algorithm with PI and fuzzy logic controls that used to control and expand the grid performance of the power system. The model results reveal that the Static Var Compensation contribute a decent result in upholding bus voltage after the power network is in an active and steady moment, besides it has a capability of the constancy control. It can totally work as a significant plan of reactive power recompense in power networks. </span>

THE ROLE OF STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR AT REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION

The need for electricity is increasing and the cost of energy generation is arising. For this reason, it is important to use the generated energy in good quality, safely and efficiently. Reactive power compensation is one of the most effective application to reduce transmission losses, prevent voltage drops, prevent consumers from paying for reactive energy, facilitate operating, increase efficiency and save energy in energy systems. However, due to improvements in semiconductor technology, reactive power compensation systems have gained a new dimension. The power compensation made by the use of semiconductor power elements is called Static VAr Compensation. This compensation is used for the compensation of loads such as arc furnaces, elevators, automotive; paper packaging, food and textile, point welding machines, port cranes, flat welds. Transient events are minimized, losses are reduced, back up possibility, control flexibility and reliability are ensured by using Static VAr Compensation systems in power network. In this study, thyristor triggering angles and power factor values of a system, that contains reactive loads and controlled by Static VAr Compensation, were obtained by using the computer software developed by Microsoft C Sharp (C#) programming language. The results were discussed in terms of importance of using such controlling structures in power networks.

Current Trends in dc: Voltage-Source Converters

High-power electronics have been employed in transmission and distribution systems for many years, using thyristor-based currentsource converters. This approach has seen approximately 200 high-voltage dc (HVdc) systems and more than 1,000 static VAR compensation systems installed worldwide. The introduction of voltagesource converters (VSCs) across the transmission and distribution voltage range has stimulated significant interest in exploring many previously inaccessible applications.

Active disturbance rejection based load frequency control and voltage regulation in power systems

An active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is developed for load frequency control (LFC) and voltage regulation respectively in a power system. For LFC, the ADRC is constructed on a three-area interconnected power system. The control goal is to maintain the frequency at nominal value (60Hz in North America) and keep tie-line power flow at scheduled value. For voltage regulation, the ADRC is applied to a static var compensator (SVC) as a supplementary controller. It is utilized to maintain the voltages at nearby buses within the ANSI C84.1 limits (or ±5% tolerance). Particularly, an alternative ADRC with smaller controller gains than classic ADRC is originally designed on the SVC system. From power generation and transmission to its distribution, both voltage and frequency regulating systems are subject to large and small disturbances caused by sudden load changes, transmission faults, and equipment loss/malfunction etc. The simulation results and theoretical analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the ADRCs in compensating the disturbances and achieving the control goals.

Improved Adaptive Backstepping Sliding Mode Control of Static Var Compensator

The stability of a single machine infinite bus system with a static var compensator is proposed by an improved adaptive backstepping algorithm, which includes error compensation, sliding mode control and a κ -class function. First, storage functions of the control system are constructed based on modified adaptive backstepping sliding mode control and Lyapunov methods. Then, adaptive backstepping method is used to obtain nonlinear controller and parameter adaptation rate for static var compensator system. The results of simulation show that the improved adaptive backstepping sliding mode variable control based on error compensation is effective. Finally, we get a conclusion that the improved method differs from the traditional adaptive backstepping method. The improved adaptive backstepping sliding mode variable control based on error compensation method preserves effective non-linearities and real-time estimation of parameters, and this method provides effective stability and convergence.

Operation Analysis and Improvement of Impulse Current Test on High-Power DC Test Platform With SVC System

The international thermonuclear experimental reactor poloidal field converter unit is comprised of four converter bridges, dc reactors, dc switches, etc., and most are nonstandard. To evaluate the performance of these equipments, a high-power dc test platform has been built to carry out the steady-state current test and impulse current test. The latter is significant to verify the fault suppression capability of products. The dc test platform can output the rated 400-kA impulse current. The principle design and structure of the dc test platform is introduced in this paper. The transient large current in impulse current test could cause huge impact reactive power and grid voltage sag. The impact is analyzed by theoretical calculation and simulation. A static var compensator system is added to suppress the transient effects of the reactive power. A predictive reactive power control strategy is proposed to improve the dynamic response. The comparisons with the traditional control demonstrate that the proposed control is effective in compensating impact reactive power and it also performs well on inhibiting the grid voltage sag.

A performance comparison of static VAr compensator based on Goertzel and FFT algorithm and experimental validation.

The main objective of the present paper is to introduce a new approach for measuring and calculation of fundamental power components in the case of various distorted waveforms including those containing harmonics. The parameters of active, reactive, apparent power and power factor, are measured and calculated by using Goertzel algorithm instead of fast Fourier transformation which is commonly used. The main advantage of utilizing Goertzel algorithm is to minimize computational load and trigonometric equations. The parameters measured in the new technique are applied to a fixed capacitor–thyristor controlled reactor based static VAr compensation system to achieve accurate power factor correction for the first time. This study is implemented both simulation and experimentally.

Offset-Free Nonlinear MPC for Mismatched Disturbance Attenuation With Application to a Static Var Compensator

A generalized nonlinear model predictive control augmented with a disturbance observer is proposed in this brief to solve the disturbance attenuation problem of nonlinear systems with arbitrary disturbance relative degree. It is shown that the disturbances can be removed from the output channels by the proposed method with appropriately designed disturbance compensation gain. The property of nominal performance recovery is retained with the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by applying it to a static var compensator system.

Static VAR compensator using recurrent neural network

In this paper, an internal model control recurrent neural network method is used to control the switching of thyristor-controlled reactor in a static VAR compensator (SVC) system for regulating the voltage. The novel controller scheme contains several feedback loops instead of only a feed-forward loop as in the conventional recurrent neural network (RNN). In the proposed controller model, the RNN identifier creates a sample of the connected system and its output generates a part of inputs for the RNN controller which then sends the control signal to the SVC system. Three types of non-linear conditions are chosen to test the operational capability of the new control system to perform the voltage regulation satisfying the IEEE Std 519-1992. The test cases contain a three-phase fault power system, opening of one of the transmission lines in a double line transmission system and sudden changes in the load demand. Results show that the proposed control model is capable of regulating the voltage of the system in a desired range.

Static Var Compensators & Power System Stabilizers with Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Controllers in Wind Farms

In the operation of wind farms in power system network, the voltage and power flow control is of primary concern in the efficient operation of the system. Various FACTS controllers are being used nowadays, to improve the system profile during the operation of wind farms. Power system stabilizers are used to damp out the rotor oscillations in the wind farm generator, thus enhancing the stability of the system. This paper investigates initially the effect of Static Var Compensator with conventional PI controllers and conventional Power System Stabilizer on the operation of wind farms. The Static Var Compensator are modified in the proposed work to include Fuzzy based controllers and further with Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Controllers and their performances are compared in this paper. The conventional Power System Stabilizer in the DFIG based wind farm is also replaced with Fuzzy Stabilizers and Neuro Fuzzy Stabilizers and the effects of these intelligent controllers studied in the system performance. The results confirm that a wind farm in an interconnected power system network exhibits better performance with Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Controllers for Static Var Compensator & Power System Stabilizers. A greater improvement in voltage profile and power control is obtained using the Hybrid Control technique. MATLAB / Simulink is used to demonstrate the application of Fuzzy and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Controllers in Static Var Compensator and Power System Stabilizers.