Destination States Research Articles

Les déterminants individuels de la durée du chômage

Individual determinants of unemployment durations, by Liliane Bonnal, Denis Fougère. From a statistical standpoint, this paper analyzes the effects of individual characteristics on average unemployment durations and the types of duration with competing risks. The results show that time-profiles of specific hazard rates or exit rates from unemployment depend on the destination state [the two options basically being: finding a job, and being removed from the ANPE (National Agency for Employment) lists for not checking in]. Furthermore, the individual factors determining these rates differ from one destination state to another. Variables which influence the instantaneous probability to be hired are demographic (sex, age, citizenship, marital status) and socio-economic (education, job qualifications, socio-professional categories) individual characteristics.

Analyzing continuous state space failure time processes: Two further results*

In a recent paper, Petersen (1988) considered a continuous state space failure time process. The central result provided in that paper was that the destination‐specific rate of transition of the process can be specified in two steps. First, one specifies the overall rate at which a change occurs. Then, one specifies the probability density function of the destination state, given that a transition occurred. This two‐step property was used in deriving the likelihood of the data and was exploited for purposes of estimation. The overall rate of transition can be estimated from the data on durations between changes in the dependent variable. The density for the new value of the dependent variable, given a change, can be estimated from the data on the values of the dependent variable after the change. This paper extends these results in two ways. First, it is shown that one can derive the likelihood of the process directly from the destination‐specific rate of transition, without going through its decompositio...

An Analysis of Interstate Migration in Mexico: Impact of Origin and Destination States on Migration Patterns

Se presentan dos teorías competitivas sobre la migración interestatal utilizando el censo de 1980 de México. Una tesis comparativa económica y un modelo de segmentación económica fueron perfeccionados al incorporar una perspectiva sistema-mundial.

An Analysis of Interstate Migration in Mexico: Impact of Origin and Destination States on Migration Patterns

An Analysis of Interstate Migration in Mexico: Impact of Origin and Destination States on Migration Patterns

National elderly migration patterns and selectivity. 1955-1960, 1965-1970, and decade trends.

The study of trends in elderly migration patterns and selectivity found that local mobility rates declined, while migration rates increased between 1960 and 1970. The top ten destination states receiving interstate migrants were similar in both time periods, but there was a discernible swing to the Sunbelt except for California and Mississippi. Intrastate and interstate flows became more selective in terms of household independence measures over the period.

Migration Space: Doubly Constrained Gravity Model Mapping of Relative Interstate Separation

Abstract Absolute physical distances are notoriously bad measures of the relative functional distances that influence the destination choices of U.S. interstate migrants. A novel calibration procedure for doubly constrained gravity models is proposed to map functional relative interstate separations. Doubly constrained models exactly reproduce observed migrant supplies and migrant demands. Using straight-line distances, however, they poorly reproduce the observed state-to-state patterns of flow. The proposed alternative calibration procedure leaves interstate separations as model outputs rather than model inputs. Distances are chosen to replicate observed flows. These distances define a “migration space'’surrounding origin and destination states.

The determinants of interstate student migration: a place-to-place analysis

In this paper an empirical test of the factors underlying the student migration decision is made using place-to-place data. The school selection decision is modeled as one involving the choice of particular institutions and its characteristics, as well as those economic and other factors which influence non-student migrants. The results indicate first, that non-resident students may not be as sensitive to tuition levels as may have been believed; second, that the economic climate in the destination state is an important factor in the migration decision; and third, that there are many asymmetries in factors determining migration which cannot be captured without the origin and destination state data. The data allow us to make separate tests for subsamples of male and female student migrants. The results show little difference between these two groups.

General versus Aged Interstate Migration, 1965-1970

This article compares elderly and general interstate migration patterns by volume and by salient streams. The top ten ranking origin and destination states were identified for both populations. The differences are greater for destination states than for origin states. This is primarily due to Florida and California, which account for a third of the inmigration of people age 60 and over, but only 18% of the general inmigration. The transaction flow analysis shows that California and Florida dominate the salient flow structure for the retirement-aged migrants to a degree not true for the general population.

Elderly Interstate Migration

This article analyzes the characteristics of individuals age 60 and over who were interstate migrants between 1965 and 1970. It specifically examines the impact of elderly migration on seven major sending and seven major receiving states. When the outmigrant total was compared with the elderly residents left behind in the major origin states, a negative impact was apparent because of the positive selectivity of migrants on age, marital status, and economic independence. Conversely, when the inmigrant total was compared with older in-place residents in destination states, a positive impact was discerned from the addition of younger, married, more economically independent newcomers. The primary exception to these patterns was California, where both elderly inmigrants and outmigrants, as compared with the residentially stable, tended to be more economically dependent. The conclusions suggest that migrant characteristics as well as changing numbers of the elderly should be considered in funding formulas for federal elderly support programs.

Kovac v. Immigration and Naturalization Service

The individual in international law — Alien — Expulsion — Procedure of expulsion — Request for political asylum — Fear of persecution in State of destination for having sought political asylum — Nature of political persecution — The law of the United States

Generalized two-level quantum dynamics. II. Non-Hamiltonian state evolution

A theorem is derived that enables a systematic enumeration of all the linear superoperators ℒ (associated with a two-level quantum system) that generate, via the law of motion ℒρ= $$\dot \rho$$ , mappings ρ(0) → ρ(t) restricted to the domain of statistical operators. Such dynamical evolutions include the usual Hamiltonian motion as a special case, but they also encompass more general motions, which are noncyclic and feature a destination state ρ(t → ∞) that is in some cases independent of ρ(0).

Temporal Changes in Revealed Migration Preferences

Do the migration flows indicate that the distribution of migrants from origin states to destination states has changed over time, i.e., has behavior in space changed over time? Have there been any changes in the relationships which migration behavior in space has with selected characteristics of states, i.e., population size and distance? Has spatial behavior, i.e., the rules used by migrants to evaluate spatial opportunities, changed over time?

Education and the Decision to Migrate: An Econometric Analysis of Migration in Venezuela

Interstate labor force migration in Venezuela was estimated for 3 groups of migrants classified by their own educational levels. Regional educational levels and education-specific average wages were included as explanatory variables in order to distinguish between the various effects of education on migration and to estimate differences in the response of educated and uneducated migrants to other explanatory variables. The basic model resembled that used in other econometric studies of migration; migration was assumed to be a function of a number of origin and destination state characteristics which were believed likely to represent costs and benefits of living in various states for most persons. Migration rates rather than absolute numbers were the dependent variable. Zellner's regression technique was employed, and appropriate F statistics were used to test the null hypothesis of equal response of migrants to each of the explanatory variables across educational levels. A substantial proportion of the variance in migration rates was explained for each level of education. The results showed that educated members of the labor force in Venezuela are more mobile and also that there are significant differences in the responses of educated and uneducated migrants to variables which reflect the costs and benefits of alternative locations. The educated were less deterred by increased distance and more responsive to wage rates in alternative locations. The educated appear to be more mobile because of their greater access to information and greater incentives to make additional investments in search of better opportunities. Both educated and uneducated migrants are attracted to more populated regions but the elasticity is almost twice as high for the educated. Educational opportunity was found to be an important locational advantage for those who already had attended secondary school. The less educated are less likely to move to states with high educational levels, perhaps because they fear job competition from the educated. Destination unemployment variables were not highly significant for the uneducated. Results of the study indicate that disaggregation of migration by educational levels is necessary for a clear understanding of the complex relationships involved.

An Analysis of the Determinants of Geographic Labor Mobility in the United States

HE objective of this study is to estimate T the magnitudes in which each of several factors influenced interstate migration over the period 1955-1960. Several variables were chosen which might reasonably be expected to explain the movements which occurred, and multiple regression analysis was used on the data. The most unique explanatory variable employed is the stock, i.e., the number of persons born in state i (the origin state) and living in state j (the destination state).' It is shown that the failure to include the migrant stock variable in the estimated relationship causes the true direct effect of most other variables to be obscured.

Travel, tourism, and migration

Resumen Este estudio basado en datos para Haway y el conjunto de la nacion, revela que los turistas y los inmigrantes tienen características similares con respecto a Estado de origen, Estado de destino, y tiempo de su viaje, pero en cambio presentan diferencias marcadas en edad, sexo, y ocupación. Esas relaciones sugieren que Turismo y Migración pueden ser reepuestas a similares estímulos condicionadas por edad e ingreso. Turismo y migraciones pueden ser vistos como expreeiones contrastantes de la movilidad geográfica.

A step-driven digital magnetic recorder

The design and installation of a freight-car information sorting system for the. Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad was recently completed by the Stromberg-Carlson Company. The system, located in the Chicago, Ill., offices of the Rock Island Line, receives information on train make-up from several distant marshalling yards via teletypewriter links, records these messages, and sorts them. The Wheel Report Sorting System, as it is called, sorts the incoming information according to state of origin of shipment and state of destination, and routes this information to teletypewriters assigned to these states. In the course of designing the sorting system, a requirement developed for a means of storing multiple incoming messages efficiently, while sorting units are busy. The storage means must permit simultaneous recording and read-out at different rates, and must also operate intermittently on read-out due to switching of output during sorting. This service can be provided by paper-tape punches and readers with a buffer loop between. However, the information density on paper tape is low, thus creating a need for a physically large buffer storage. This fact, coupled with the need for continuously replenishing the tape, and the maintenance requirements of punches, led to the search for a more suitable means of storage. Magnetic recording presents the possibility of higher information density in addition to using a reusable medium. However, magnetic tape recorders of the conventional capstan-drive type do not generally provide for differing speeds of simultaneous recording and read-out with a buffer loop between for ���first in, first out��� storage. In addition, the requirement that the read-out be intermittent due to the setting up of connections to different printers is difficult to achieve without sacrificing information density for starting and braking space.

Fair-Trade Acts. In General. Under McGuire Act Mail-Order Sale from Free-Trade Jurisdiction Is Not Subject to Fair-Trade Law of Destination State. General Elec. Co. v. Masters Mail Order Co. (2d Cir. 1957)

Fair-Trade Acts. In General. Under McGuire Act Mail-Order Sale from Free-Trade Jurisdiction Is Not Subject to Fair-Trade Law of Destination State. General Elec. Co. v. Masters Mail Order Co. (2d Cir. 1957)

Rail Freight Data: A Tool for Market and Regional Analysis

The chief objective of this paper is to illustrate the usefulness of the Carload Waybill Statistics of the Interstate Commerce Commission in market research. Attention is centered on two tasks of regional analysis: (1) describing the outer limits of a region's market areas; (2) determining the region's pattern of specialization and exchange with other regions. Rail commodity statistics are valuable for these purposes not only because they represent more than one-half of the nation's intercity land freight tonnage, but also because rail freight typically consists of longer shipments than does highway freight.1 A secondary objective of this paper is to indicate how the statistical description of rail commodity movements might be fitted into the broader problem of formulating a functional conception of the geographic structure of an economic system. Despite the facts that the Waybill statistics are greatly needed in market and regional analysis, and that they are available free of charge, they seem to have been used very little in market and regional analysis. In most of the few market research publications using this information that have come to this writer's attention, the Waybill statistics have been used mainly to catalogue commodities shipped out of and into a state and to show the corresponding states of destination and origin respectively.2