State Of Life Research Articles

The experience of teaching national history and the foundations of constitutional knowledge in the late 1930s early 1940s (using the example of railway schools in the Kursk region)

The relevance of the topic under discussion is determined by the significant social importance of school history education. Over thirty years of Russian society's and state's life in conditions of ideological and political diversity, as well as the complete erosion of the Western-scale liberal values, has led to most Russians realizing the need to adhere to traditional moral principles based on ideas of patriotism and humanism. The domestic education system is the main vehicle for this. Therefore, the controversial experience of teaching history in schools arouses professional interest among researchers and practicing teachers.The purpose of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of teaching history in the pre–war years on the basis of archival documents and published materials on the example of departmental educational institutions of railway transport.Objectives: to characterize the contradictions of the process of introducing historical and social sciences disciplines into school education; to reflect the role of historical knowledge in the patriotic education of the younger generation.Methodology. The research was based on the principles of objectivity and historicism. To solve the tasks set by the author, the methods of historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-comparative, typological, retrospective were used.Results. The study of the experience of teaching the historical and social sciences cycle of academic disciplines in the pre-war years on the example of departmental educational institutions of railway transport made it possible to objectively assess the impact of humanitarian training of students on the formation of their civic position and the education of patriotic feelings, which had a decisive impact on the behavior of graduates of railway schools during the period of military trials and subsequent restoration of the national economy.Conclusions. The experience of teaching history and the foundations of constitutional knowledge accumulated in the pre-war period is worthy of application in the context of modern reform of historical education. Recognition of the leading role of national history in shaping the worldview of the younger generation requires a systematic approach in teaching and educating young people based on love and respect for their Homeland.

Міграційна політика: поняття, сутність, методологія формування та економічні аспекти

Determining the key components of the migration policy makes it possible not only to develop and implement an efficient and effective model of the domestic migration policy, but also to assess the impact of each of its components on various spheres of the state's life. In this context, migration policy is a complex structured system that contains agreed ideas, goals, strategies, as well as measures, resources, mechanisms, and tools that interact with them, which together enable the state to regulate migration processes. Migration processes should be considered as an integral object of the state administration system, which requires the creation of certain conditions for maintaining migration within socially acceptable frameworks, in particular, ensuring both social protection of migrants and representatives of the society receiving migrants. It was established that the development of migration policy should take into account economic trends, demographic changes, political and social attitudes in society, etc.

Formation of patriotic values of students of agricultural institutions of professional higher education

The article actualizes the necessity of purposeful formation of patriotic values of students of agricultural institutions of professional higher education. The author presents an author's understanding of the essence of the concept of "patriotic values" as significant ideas about the Motherland, national interests and ideals formed by the public consciousness and recognized by a person, which are embodied in all spheres of the state's life and are expressed in a positive emotional attitude to the culture of the native land at the level of manifestation of a sense of involvement and love for it, devotion to it, pride and responsibility for it. Based on this and taking into account the context of the specifics of the professional activity of agrarians, it is determined that the core of their patriotic values is love for their native land. It is stated that in the context of the total immersion of modern students of agricultural specialties in the virtual world, there is an underestimation of the beauty and value of the native land, the importance of agricultural labor. In this regard, the essence of the category "native land" and its conceptual significance in the axiology of agrarian patriotism in terms of naturalistic, synergistic, anthropological, figurative and symbolic, mythological and esoteric semantics are revealed. Attention is focused on the opposition of the concepts of "own land" and "foreign land", which helps to clarify the axiological predicates of the attitude of farmers to their native land as an important factor in the formation of their patriotic feelings based on reverence for it. The content and expediency of using historiographical, artistic and aesthetic, folklore and other axiological and patriotic means of educating the value attitude and love for the native land in the process of professional training and in the extracurricular activities of agricultural students are substantiated. It is proved that involvement in local history work, realization of the educational potential of native language training, holding traditional folk festivals, collective creative activities related to the native land, peasant labor, economic customs and rituals, allows to form patriotic values of students of agricultural institutions of professional higher education in a comprehensive and effective manner

Anti-corruption policy of Ukraine in the context of war

The article examines the peculiarities of national anti-corruption policy in the light of European integration processes, civil society development and full-scale war.
 It is noted that the negative impact of corruption is additionally manifested in the decline of the authority of the country, state authorities, moral values ​in society, it causes the penetration of a criminal component into state-management and social relations, as well as undermines the economic and political foundations of the state, blocks the inflow of foreign investments, which leads to shadowing of the economy.
 The concept of the index of perception of corruption and anti-corruption policy, its normative basis and institutional support are characterized. Comprehensive approaches to the development and implementation of changes to reduce the level of corruption in certain spheres of the state's life have been analyzed. The key shortcomings of the modern anti-corruption policy are outlined.It is substantiated that the important conditions for preserving the sovereignty of the state and restoring its territorial integrity are the proper armed repulsion of the invaders' encroachments, the provision of socio-economic foundations and political stability in the country. In these conditions, combating corruption continues to be a priority area of ​state policy and requires the state leadership to implement further radical anti-corruption measures in the state administration system. It has been proven that, along with repelling military aggression, the fight against corruption should be an equally urgent priority for all state authorities todayIt is emphasized that the issue of preventing and countering corruption, the formation of anti-corruption state policy does not lose its relevance neither during martial law nor in the post-war period. It was noted that Ukraine shows significant changes in this regard, despite the fact that almost all the resources of the state and society are now directed to the protection against unprovoked military aggression of the Russian Federation.Ways of improving the methodology of development and implementation of anti-corruption policy, taking into account the corruption perception index, are proposed.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEED FOR LEGAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE ECONOMIC FIELD

In the article, the issue of legal future economist training is updated, because economic theory significantly affects the economic policy of the state and the development of law; it is emphasized that without knowledge of legal norms, experts in the economic field will not be able to perform their official duties at the proper level. The paper aims to substantiate the need for legal training of future specialists in the economic field in the conditions of a modern market economy.
 A historical excursion on the relationship between law and economy was conducted. It was concluded that these are complementary aspects of the state's life, and these fields cannot exist without each other. It is emphasized that in the conditions of a market economy, the role of the law and other legal influence on economic relations is growing more and more because, in a civilized society, law and commerce are one whole of the democratic process.
 The work highlights the major forms of legal regulation of the economy in Ukraine: namely: Laws, Decrees, Regulations, etc. The attention is focused on the need to study economic law since future experts in the economic field must be familiar with the legal norms regulating social relations in the field of organization and implementation of economic activities between economic entities. It is also about financial law, which is one of the leading branches of Ukrainian law and, along with others, is adapting to the new conditions of reform during the transition of the state to a market economy, so future experts in the economic field together with business law must acquire the necessary competencies in financial law.
 It is noted that the legal training of future specialists in the economic field should be a priority in the course of vocational training at a higher educational institution since their quality professional activity in the legal field will depend on the acquisition of the necessary knowledge.

PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION FOR WOMEN IN SUKAMARA REGENCY, CENTRA BORNEO PROVINCE

Education is the most important for a nation and a state's life. Because of that, education should be obtained by all people without exception. However, in its application, it is still found that there are differences in higher education opportunities in terms of gender. This research was conducted to describe the perception of the community in Petarikan 1 village about the importance of higher education for women and the factors that influence it. This research is qualitative, with the subject of the community of Petarikan 1 Village, Sukamara District, Sukamara Regency with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that as much as 15% of the community considers higher education for women very important, as much as 35% is important, as much as 40% is less important, and as much as 10% is not important. The factors that cause are the family environment and lack of awareness of the importance of education 39.8%, people's thinking that is still traditional 27.3%, and economic factors 32.8%.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ МАГИСТРОВ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

The transition of the modern economy to Industry 4.0 forces the main branches of the state's life to adapt to the realities of modern digitalization. This entails digital transformations in all areas, including the field of physical culture and sports. The article analyses the experience of digital transformation in the field of education in general, and in organizations in the field of physical culture and sports, in particular. The authors studied the experience of an educational organization of higher education in training personnel in the field of digital competencies. The research objectives were to identify competencies aimed at the formation and development of digital competence of future specialists in the field of physical culture; to substantiate the levels of the development of this competence; to identify digital services, the use of which will allow students to develop their digital competence; to develop methodological recommendations on the use of digital technologies in the performance of individual tasks performed by students. To solve the research tasks, the methods of analysis of the normative base of the issue under study, analysis of the literature and generalization were used. The landmarks of digital transformation were studied, normative documents were analyzed, the analysis and generalization of studies on the topic of digital transformation of education in the field of physical culture were carried out, the experience of organizing higher education in training personnel for the field of physical culture and sports with digital competence was studied. As a result, a competence was identified that enables to master digital competence by students. The levels of the competence formation were determined. The authors developed guidelines where they recommended digital services, the use of which will allow students to develop their digital competence.

The Political Environment of the Cities of Northern Kazakhstan at the Cusp of the 19th-20th Centuries

Cities of the northern part of Kazakhstan at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries had played the role of administrative units for a long period; however, the gradual development of the urban environment and the integration of the cities of the national outskirts into the system of socio-economic relations of the empire led to the formation cooperation of a citizen not only in the economic aspect, but also, in the political aspects. The research attempted to analyze the processes associated with the formation of a political space in a colonial city, where representatives of the national intelligentsia were the subjects, and the emerging media and public spaces were the tools. The author insists that the political component of the city had developed in the context of the all-Russian political situation. The systemic crisis in all spheres of the state's life demanded new formats of their rights struggle. Under these conditions, the intelligentsia takes the initiative and develops its own style of struggle, expressed in the creation of newspapers, which will later become the print organs of the parties. For example, the newspaper "Kazakh" will become the official organ of the Alash party. Thus, the author argues that the formation of the political space in the colonial city is the result of the activities of the intelligentsia. The article uses the data of the regional archives of Kostanay, Petropavlovsk and NurSultan cities. One of the methods of this research was the historical and genetic one, which allows considering the problems in its development and identifying patterns. The use of the historical-comparative method revealed differences in the development of Kazakhstan historiography.

Experimental Evaluation of Aging Indicators for Lithium–Iron–Phosphate Cells

Degradation mechanism of batteries has to be carefully studied when considering their utilization in electrical power systems. This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental campaign, through which three different lithium–iron–phosphate (LFP) cells were subjected to different electrical cycling stresses. The purpose of the campaign was to evaluate the cells’ aging, as well as to try to find parameters on the cell behavior before its end of life, able to act as state-of-life (SOL) (or aging) indicators. The considered stress consists of the cyclic repetition of fixed-duration discharge steps, followed by full charge phases. The three cells under study were subjected to the very same stress pattern but with three different discharge and charge power levels: low, medium, and high. The results showed that the end-of-discharge voltage and the cell internal resistance can be used as good SOL indicators. However, both are significant functions of the cell conditions, such as the state of charge (SOC) and the cell temperature.

Prognostics for lithium-ion batteries using a two-phase gamma degradation process model

To address the degradation of rechargeable batteries, this paper presents a two-phase gamma process model with a fixed change-point for modeling the voltage-discharge curves of battery cycle aging under a constant current. The model can be applied to estimate the state of charge (SOC) and the remaining useful discharge time (RUT) in a cycle with consideration of the effect of cycle aging, and can also be applied to estimate the state of life (SOL) and the remaining useful life (RUL) across cycles. The applications of the proposed model are demonstrated using the experimental cycle aging data of a lithium iron phosphate battery. A comparison shows that the proposed model generates a more accurate prediction than the conventional two-term exponential model with capacity data under a particle filter framework, and this reveals the superiority of modeling with voltage over modeling with capacity. The analytical expression of mean useful discharge time in a cycle (or mean time to failure) is developed with approximation by a Taylor expansion and the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution, and the result is shown to be in good agreement with the true mean of a gamma process.

ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ ПУТИ ЛИКВИДАЦИИ ВНУТРЕННИХ ВЫЗОВОВ РОССИИ

The article describes domestic obstacles that hinder Russian development in the XXI century. Special attention paid to the analysis of measures taken by the President of Russia and country government to eliminate consequences of the coronavirus pandemic and bottlenecks in the national economy that prevent the State from returning to the "club" of the world's leading powers. The article concludes with conclusions and suggestions concerning possible ways to eliminate Russia's internal challenges that hinder realization of its national interests in the most important spheres of the state's life.

ФУНКЦИИ МИНИСТЕРСТВА ВНУТРЕННИХ ДЕЛ В СФЕРЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВ-ЛЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ В ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XIX ВЕКА

The article analyzes the organization of centralized management of internal affairs of the Russian Empire through the establishment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1802. Having characterized the structure of this institution and the evolution of its competence in the first half of the XIX century, the authors emphasize the need to move away from its dogmatic characterization as an exclusively central governing body of city and county police institutions in the state. The main changes in the competence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire during the period under review are considered. Based on the analysis of the legislation of the Russian Empire of the XIX century and the domestic legal science, the conclusion formulated that it not only changed its historical purpose, composition and structure, managed various spheres of the state's life, but also received a short experience in managing the bodies of the political (higher) police. The conducted research demonstrates the relevance of further re-search on the effectiveness of the organization of internal affairs management in the Russian Empire.

STATE, PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

The article deals with the analysis of affairs in the scientific field in Ukraine as a whole, as well as in academic and university science. The problems related to the choice of priority directions of research in view of the development of science in the world, the prospects of its individual directions from the standpoint of the development of the world economy and the place of science in these processes are considered.Concerns are expressed about the attitude of power institutions to the science in Ukraine its importance underestimation for all spheres of the state's life, including national security.

Hybrid VARMA and LSTM Method for Lithium-ion Battery State-of-Charge and Output Voltage Forecasting in Electric Motorcycle Applications

Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained attention owing to their effectiveness in reducing oil demands and gas emissions. Of the electric components of an EV, a battery is considered as the major bottleneck. Among the various types of battery, lithium-ion batteries are widely employed to power EVs. To ensure the safe application of batteries in EVs, monitoring and control are performed using state estimation. The state of a battery includes the state-of-charge (SoC), state-of-health (SoH), state-of-power (SoP), and state-of-life (SoL). The SoC of a battery is the remaining usable percentage of its capacity. This mainly depends on variations of the operating condition of the EV in which the battery is applied. The SoC of a battery is reflected by its output voltage. That is, the SoC is considered to be zero when the output voltage of a battery drops below a cut-off voltage. This study proposes an SoC and output voltage forecasting method using a hybrid of the vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) and long short-term memory (LSTM). This approach aims to estimate and forecast the SoC and output voltage of a battery when an EV is driven under the CVS-40 drive cycle. Forecasting using the hybrid VARMA and LSTM method achieves a lower root-mean-square error (RMSE) than forecasting with only VARMA or LSTM individually.

State-of-life prognosis and diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries by data-driven particle filters

The aim of this study is that of presenting a new diagnostic and prognostic method aimed at automatically detecting deviations from the expected degradation dynamics of the batteries due to changes in the operating conditions, or, possibly, anomalous behaviors, and predicting their remaining useful life (RUL) in terms of their state-of-life (SOL), without needing to derive any complex physics-based models and/or gather huge amounts of experimental data to cover all possible operative/fault conditions. The proposed method in fact exploits the real time framework offered by particle filtering and resorts to neural networks in order to build a suitable parametric measurement equation, which provides the algorithm with the capability of automatically adjusting to different battery’s dynamic behaviors. The results of this study demonstrate the satisfactory performances of the algorithm in terms of adaptability and diagnostic sensibility, with reference to suitably identified case studies based on actual Lithium-Ion battery capacity data taken from the prognostics data repository of the NASA Ames Research Center database and of the CALCE Battery Group.

A Data-Driven Particle Filter For Lithium-Ion Batteries State-Of-Life Prognosis

In recent years, Lithium-Ion rechargeable batteries have quickly become the most popular portable power sources, with applications ranging from consumer electronics (smartphones, laptops, etc.) to electric vehicles and unmanned aerial/space vehicles. Indeed, Li-ion batteries are subject to degradation over time, in particular due to the irreversibility of the electro-chemical processes driving their functioning. The deterioration of the performances is further worsened by the operational and environmental boundary conditions in which they operate (e.g. discharge rates, usage and storage temperatures, etc.). The consequences of unexpected failures due to degradation may range from mild, for example in consumer electronics, to very severe, if not catastrophic, in particular in aerospace applications, both from the economical and the safety points of view. In this context, the prediction of future degradation performances of the batteries plays a fundamental role. In this work, we exploit a recently introduced prognostic algorithmic scheme, which combines the real-time prediction capabilities of particle filters with the flexibility and simplicity of feed-forward neural networks, for adaptively predicting the State-of-Life (SOL), i.e. the capacity, of Li-Ion batteries, on the basis of past and current capacity observations. The major advantage of the proposed method lies in the fact that the algorithm automatically adapts to different degradation dynamics, without the need to derive and/or calibrate any physics-based model. The method is demonstrated with reference to actual Li-Ion battery discharge data taken both from the prognostics data repository of the NASA Ames Research Center database and from literature.

Enhanced Prognostic Model for Lithium Ion Batteries Based on Particle Filter State Transition Model Modification

This paper focuses on predicting the End of Life and End of Discharge of Lithium ion batteries using a battery capacity fade model and a battery discharge model. The proposed framework will be able to estimate the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) and the Remaining charge through capacity fade and discharge models. A particle filter is implemented that estimates the battery’s State of Charge (SOC) and State of Life (SOL) by utilizing the battery’s physical data such as voltage, temperature, and current measurements. The accuracy of the prognostic framework has been improved by enhancing the particle filter state transition model to incorporate different environmental and loading conditions without retuning the model parameters. The effect of capacity fade in the reduction of the EOD (End of Discharge) time with cycling has also been included, integrating both EOL (End of Life) and EOD prediction models in order to get more accuracy in the estimations.

Validation of Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Li-Ion Battery Based on the Voltage drop

Batteries, which are used for the energy storage and power distribution, tend to degrade, and their capacity declines with repeated charging and discharging cycles. The battery is considered to fail when it reaches 80% of its initialcapacity. In general, the battery state under operation can be characterized by identifying the state of health (SOH) and state of life (SOL), which refer the capacity degradation and remaining useful life respectively. Recently, authors have found that the SOH can be indirectly estimated based on the observation that the slope of voltage curve under charging is proportional to the capacity degradation. In the study, only the full charge and discharge cycles under room temperature were conducted with Li-ion battery, which is not the case in reality. In this study, more research is conducted to find out more reliable and robust measurement of the capacity and voltage drop that may be independent of the degradation conditions. Several tests are made under various C-rates, charging stabilization time and surrounding temperatures. Once succeeded, the regression model is established between the capacity and voltage drop, that is used in the estimation of the SOH. Adaptive Particle filtering (APF) framework is then applied during the battery usage to estimate the SOH and predict the RUL in the form of a probability distribution. In the APF, the recursive state transition and measurement functions are given by the empirical degradation model and the regression model, respectively. The APF performs the two functions at the same time which are the anomaly detection and prognostics. Experiments are conducted for a Li-ion battery by repeating full charge discharge cycles, in which a fault is imbedded to change the degradation pattern at a certain moment of thecycle to illustrate the technique.

Globalization and democracy

Globalization as a multidimensional phenomenon, in influenced of different evolution in the world, has effected many dimension of human and state's life. Political science is one of the main scopes that have been more changed in influence of globalization. And democratization process also, in influence of globalization, has been changed conceptual in national and supranational level. So the main goal of this article is, effective of globalization on democracy in national and supranational level. Because of, first I will introduce the concept of globalization, democracy and them characteristic, and then I will express negative and positive effective of globalization on democracy.

Online Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery State-of-Charge and Capacity with a Multiscale Filtering Technique

Real-time prediction of state-of-charge (SOC), state-of-health (SOH) and state-of-life (SOL) plays an essential role in many battery energy storage applications, such as electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and smart power grid. However, among these three quantities, only the SOC has been thoroughly studies while there is still lack of rigorous research efforts onthe other two quantities, SOH and SOL. Specially, real- time estimation of the SOH-relevant cell capacity by tracking readily available measurements (e.g., voltage,current and temperature) is still an open problem. Commonly used joint/dual extended Kalman filter(EKF) suffers from the lack of accuracy in the capacity estimation since (i) the cell voltage is the only measurable data for the SOC and capacity estimation and updates and (ii) the capacity is very weakly linked to the cell voltage. Furthermore, although the capacity is a slowly time-varying quantity that indicates cell state-of-health (SOH), the capacity estimation is generally performed on the same time-scale as the quickly time-varying SOC, resulting in high computational complexity. To resolve these difficulties, this paper proposes a multiscale framework with EKF for SOC and capacity estimation. The proposed framework comprises two ideas: (i) a multiscale framework to estimate SOC and capacity that exhibit time-scale separation and (ii) a state projection scheme for accurate and stable capacity estimation. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of our framework.