Abstract

Degradation mechanism of batteries has to be carefully studied when considering their utilization in electrical power systems. This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental campaign, through which three different lithium–iron–phosphate (LFP) cells were subjected to different electrical cycling stresses. The purpose of the campaign was to evaluate the cells’ aging, as well as to try to find parameters on the cell behavior before its end of life, able to act as state-of-life (SOL) (or aging) indicators. The considered stress consists of the cyclic repetition of fixed-duration discharge steps, followed by full charge phases. The three cells under study were subjected to the very same stress pattern but with three different discharge and charge power levels: low, medium, and high. The results showed that the end-of-discharge voltage and the cell internal resistance can be used as good SOL indicators. However, both are significant functions of the cell conditions, such as the state of charge (SOC) and the cell temperature.

Highlights

  • Lithium-based cells and batteries have become a de facto standard for many storage applications, either stationary or vehicular

  • Among the several available chemistries, lithium–iron–phosphate (LFP) cells are appreciated for their very good stability, low cost, reasonable specific energy, and energy densities, even though these densities are somewhat lower than other chemistries [1,2]

  • One of the goals of this project is to evaluate several aspects of electric vehicle charging in multifunctional structures, which have some renewable generation, electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) units, and electrochemical storage

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Summary

Introduction

Lithium-based cells and batteries have become a de facto standard for many storage applications, either stationary or vehicular. The strong dependence of aging on the usage pattern makes it very difficult to predict it on the basis of a cell’s aging model alone, good attempts in this direction have been made [4,5,6]. One of the goals of this project is to evaluate several aspects of electric vehicle charging in multifunctional structures (called SUMA themselves), which have some renewable generation (e.g., solar panels), electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) units, and electrochemical storage. In these structures, electrochemical storage has two purposes:

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