Problem Statement Research Articles

Doubly-nonlinear evolution equations of rate-independent type with irreversibility and energy balance law

In this paper, the global-in-time L2-solvability of the initial–boundary value problem for differential inclusions of doubly-nonlinear type is proved. This problem arises from fracture mechanics, and it is not covered by general existence theories due to the degeneracy and singularity of a dissipation potential along with the nonlinearity of elliptic terms. The existence of solutions is proved based on a minimizing movement scheme, which also plays a crucial role for deriving qualitative properties and asymptotic behaviors of strong solutions. Moreover, the solutions to the initial–boundary value problem comply with three properties intrinsic to brittle fracture: complete irreversibility, unilateral equilibrium of an energy and an energy balance law, which cannot generally be realized in dissipative systems. Furthermore, long-time dynamics of strong solutions are revealed, i.e., each stationary limit of the global-in-time solutions is characterized as a solution to the stationary problem.

FORMATION OF MARKETING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

PROBLEM STATEMENT. This article highlights the main problems and prospects for the development of a marketing automation system through the lens of academic research. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE. The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the main approaches to the formation of a marketing automation system through the lens of modern academic research, which will allow identifying the most promising approaches from the perspective of practical implementation. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS. It is hypothesized that the key method, regardless of the approach to the formation of a marketing automation system (MAS), is the approach known as project management. METHODS. The author utilized general scientific and specialized research methods. Systematic method and content analysis were used to define the key concepts of the marketing automation process. Comparative analysis was used to identify differences between approaches to forming MAS in B2B and B2C sectors. Case study method was used to investigate specific examples of MAS formation in various business organizations. RESULTS. It has been determined that scientists successfully highlight many of the key elements of of Marketing Automation Systems (MAS), particularly focusing on specific aspects of marketing automation functions. However, there remains a need for further research on the approaches, methods, and tools for MAS development. Specifically, when considering the effect of implementing comprehensive, multifunctional, and integrated systems, the impact is undoubtedly extensive, especially in the case of leading martech companies, as documented by researchers. The study of their experience in developing of MAS, not only in the context of advancing technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data, and others, but also the challenge of integrating the human component with the corresponding software in this process, should become one of the primary directions for future research. CONCLUSIONS. It has been shown that the problem of forming a marketing automation system is gradually moving beyond the scope of business activities of companies and becoming the subject of academic research. At the same time, specialized studies still predominantly focus on specific aspects of the application of marketing automation (MA) functions, which are potentially considered as components of a holistic MAS. It has been proven that the main practical approaches to forming MAS are independent development and implementation by the business organization itself; acquisition of a ready-made solutions; or a combination of both approaches with corresponding advantages and risks. KEYWORDS: marketing; marketing automation; marketing automation system; project management; business processes; marketing processes.

Pre-professional training of high school students to choose a teaching profession: to the problem statement

Pre-professional training of high school students to choose a teaching profession: to the problem statement

Leveraging CNNs for Automated Dermatological Diagnosis: Advancements in Skin Disease Prediction

Abstract: This is a research paper focused on skin disease prediction using CNN algorithms. Standing on eight classes of data this study accepts the challenge of proper diagnosis of multiple skin diseases. This problem statement supports the call for better and accurate ways of sorting the skin diseases so that dermatologists can diagnose the diseases appropriately and within the right time. With respect to the method, most of the data pre-processing are done on the collected dataset to improve its quality so as to develop a CNN model. Next, testing is performed with using the architecture of a CNN that is trained to search for features and patterns of the skin diseases’ photos. In this study, accuracy rates for each of the eight disease categories reach high figures, according to the results: so, it can be seen that the attainment of the CNN models is quite remarkable to classify diseases. For instance, the suggested method, stands as a fair one because it does not very much depend on the quality of the input image. The paper also examines the possibility of interpreting the CNN models concerning what kind of image features and area contribute to the classification process. This feature makes the model prediction more credible and yields useful information on the way the decision is made, possibly making doctors understand various aspects of pathophysiologic processes associated with different skin ailments. Furthermore, the study seeks to investigate the possibility of the proposed method in proximate actual clinical applications with identification always fast, and with massive data amount. In addition, solving these problems also contributes to the development of not only the dermatology as a branch of medicine, but also improves the understanding of the applicability of CNN based approaches for the analysis of medical images.

A novel Approach to Maxillary Long Kennedy Class II RPD Crossing Midline

Statement of problem: Unilateral distal-extension removable partial dentures (RPD) have always posed a challenging situation to the clinician particularly when it crossed the midline and having a linear alignment of the abutments. In such cases, providing adequate retention and stability is problematic thus, the good selection of the direct and indirect retainers would ensure the long-term success of the prosthesis and the remaining abutments. Purpose: The aim of this study was to apply the idea of unilateral obturator Aramany class IV principles to the patients suffering from linearly aligned abutments long Kennedy class II RPD crossing the midline through using buccal retention and lingual retention with guiding plane composite build-ups clasp designs. Treatment Plan: Three patients were treated in this study. All the patients are fully dentate or with restored mandibular jaw and partially edentulous maxillary jaw (Kennedy class II) crossing the midline with a maximum of six teeth present in a linear alignment. Each patient received RPD that was retained through engaging the buccal undercut on anterior distal abutment and lingual undercut with composite build-up guiding plane on posterior distal abutment. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that buccal retention on anterior abutments and lingual retention and guiding planes on posterior abutments for linear class II maxillary RPD provided better patient satisfaction and more retentive capability than RPD with regular buccal retention design.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE REACTOR BLOCK FUNCTIONING IN OIL REFINING

Oil refining is a multi-stage process of physical and chemical crude oil processing, the result of which is the production of a petroleum products complex. The resulting products are directly related to the crude oil processed characteristics. Requirements for petroleum products quality are increasing, the need for heavy fuels is decreasing, and the raw materials quality is decreasing. All this hinders global oil refining development, and deep petroleum raw materials processing using secondary processes is of particular importance. Increasing competition in the field of fuels and lubricants and modern standards create a need to increase the depth of oil refining and improve the quality of produced oils, coke, and, above all, fuels. The optimizing problems operating modes of complex technological systems and their main apparatuses of oil refining, chemical, and other industries based on their mathematical models are among very relevant scientific and practical problems. In practice, solving the optimizing problem operating modes of complex technological systems is complicated by the fact that these systems are characterized by complexity, many interrelated parameters, multi-criteria, which are usually contradictory, as well as an initial information lack. All this greatly complicates the developing mathematical model's process necessary for preparing and making decisions in the face of conflicting criteria for choosing optimal operating modes of technological systems. Optimal modes of their operation, which are determined by making effective decisions based on mathematical models, allow for increasing production efficiency. In the article, based on a process study occurring in a catalytic reforming unit, attention is paid to an urgent problem - the search for optimal conditions for carrying out the process under consideration and the objective function optimum. For this purpose, by the specifics, optimization problem statement, and the mathematical models formed for the reactors, an effective optimization method, the gradient method, is justified and selected. Here we propose an algorithm for identifying and adapting the resulting models to current situations (states). Next, to optimize the functioning of the reactor block as a whole, by the existing mathematical models of reactors, an optimization algorithm is developed that provides a quick and effective search of the optimal regime parameters for each reactor of the block under consideration. Keywords: technological process, oil refinery, petroleum products, control object, optimal control, mathematical model, optimization problem.

Inflation of a toroidal membrane within a fluid-filled elastic spherical enclosure

The present research investigates the growth based inflation model of an inflated toroidal membrane within a fluid-filled environment enclosed by an elastic spherical cavity. This problem statement resembles the growth of toroidal vesicle membranes within biological cells. The toroidal membrane is described by hyperelastic Mooney–Rivlin model with meridional anisotropy. The rise in internal gauge pressure of the torus causes the surrounding incompressible fluid to exert a distributed radial force on the surface of the elastic sphere, resulting in its deformation. With a subsequent gradual increase in gauge pressure, a contact is initiated as the torus indents onto the inner surface of the elastic sphere. The contact condition is assumed to be frictionless, and a variational formulation is adopted for solving the contact problem. The maximum indentation as well as the generated contact stress are found to be higher with a lesser stiffness of the elastic spherical enclosure. As the contact patch grows, the phenomenon of membrane thinning is predominantly observed at the inner equator of the torus. The growth of the contact boundary varies linearly with increasing torus gauge pressure, but non-linearly with the fluid pressure within the spherical enclosure.

Research progress and visual analysis of smart wearable devices for the elderly in the context of ageing 4.0

Problem Statement The world's population is ageing quickly, making managing older people's health more difficult. Although smart wearable devices (SWDs) have gained attention as possible instruments for enhancing health outcomes in this population, it is still uncertain how useful and long-lasting they will be. Objectives The purpose of this study is to methodically evaluate the advancement of academic research and development concerning SWDs for the aged, with an emphasis on the effects these diseases have on quality of life, illness prevention, and health management. Methodology 649 publications published in the Web of Science Core Collection between 2013 and 2023 underwent bibliometric analysis. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to assess topic changes, publishing trends, and citation patterns. Co-citation analysis was used to pinpoint important literature and research focus clusters. Results The results show a notable rise in publications about SWDs for the aged, emphasising essential topics, including fall detection, technology adoption, and healthcare applications. According to the report, multidisciplinary research integration is expanding, and publications like IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL and SENSORS-BASEL are making significant contributions. Conclusion The research emphasises the crucial need to conduct long-term monitoring studies to verify the health advantages of SWDs for senior citizens. It highlights the necessity for user-centred design and urges future research to concentrate on improving wearable technology accuracy to maximise its usefulness in managing geriatric health.

Artificial Intelligence in Academic Writing: A Literature Review

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in education. This review focused on the intersection of AI tools and academic writing, addressing challenges such as plagiarism, language barriers, and feedback processes. The problem statement revolved around the increasing integration of AI in academic contexts, which offered opportunities for improved student learning but raised concerns over ethical issues such as plagiarism and over-dependence on AI-generated content. The purpose of this review was to critically review highly cited studies on the use of AI in academic writing, identifying AI tools and key findings. Research questions guiding this review included: 1) Which highly cited studies related to AI and academic writing, published since 2020, were identified as relevant? 2) Which AI had been utilised for academic writing? and 3) What findings had been reported in these previous studies? Methodologically, the review employed keyword searches in Google and Scopus databases to identify highly cited, open-access articles published since 2020. This resulted in the selection of 11 studies that spanned various AI tools in academic writing. Findings indicated that ChatGPT was the most frequently used AI tool, employed for tasks such as academic text generation, plagiarism detection, and language learning support. The review also highlighted ethical concerns, particularly regarding plagiarism, content accuracy, and the risk of over-reliance on AI. The implications were both theoretical and practical. Theoretically, this review demonstrated AI’s expanding influence in educational theory, especially in scaffolding learning for non-native English speakers. Practically, AI tools offered personalised feedback and enhance writing outcomes, though educators must implement these tools responsibly to prevent over-reliance. In conclusion, while AI tools showed great promise in improving academic writing, future research should address ethical concerns, enhance the accuracy of AI-generated content, and develop frameworks that balance AI assistance with the promotion of critical thinking skills.

A systematic review on WebRTC for potential applications and challenges beyond audio video streaming

AbstractVideo conferencing and live streaming are being used in various industries, such as healthcare, gaming, telecommunication, manufacturing and others. As technology progresses, the need for real-time data transmission with minimal latency has increased. Web Real-Time Communication () addresses this need effectively. WebRTC is a technology designed to provide real-time communication through web and mobile browsers. Its low latency and P2P communication capabilities make it a convenient technology for secure, efficient communication in real-time applications. This paper reviews the key features of WebRTC, discusses its strengths and weaknesses and investigates a detailed analysis of 83 existing studies. Moreover, It evaluates all use cases that can be adopted by WebRTC by examining their descriptions, problem statements, and research gaps based on literature to date. Finally, It highlights the open research directions for the emerging technologies and enhancements of WebRTC. to identify their potential applications.

Aspects on Social Egg Freezing – Current State in Bulgaria

Abstract Problem statement Oocyte cryopreservation for non-medical reasons has been widely promoted among young women who tend to delay their reproduction. As the methodology has proved its safety and efficiency in the field of assisted reproduction technology and the embryo laboratory, the interest in oocyte cryopreservation has increased highly. However, do social freezers ever come back and use these oocytes, or they keep them as a safety boat with no real near-future plans for reproduction? Methods The following study has been performed as a retrospective analysis of 296 women who had oocyte freezing procedure for non-medical (social) reasons, medical conditions (oncological treatment) and oocyte donation from January 2013 to June 2023 at Medical Complex Ob/Gyn “Dr Shterev” – Sofia, Bulgaria. Results Throughout the observed period, 190 women with 221 procedures vitrified their oocytes for future use. Only 9.47% of them had medical conditions and 7.36% were hindered to use their reproductive gametes at the day of the oocyte retrieval (absence of spermatozoa, sickness). The average age of the women in this group was 35.59 ± 1.5 years and the mean number of cryopreserved oocytes was 5.63 ± 1.4 per women. Compared to social cryopreserves, and bound to the Bulgarian legislation, the 106 women who donated their oocytes were younger (28.86 ± 1.5 years (p < 0.05)) with 7.34 ± 1.7 (p < 0.05) cryopreserved oocytes per donor. As the clinic has well represented program for oocyte donation 82.1% of the donors were used. In result, there were 37 clinical pregnancies with 47 children born. In the same period, only 46 (24.2%) women who stored their own gametes in our cryobank came back and claimed them for assisted reproduction. Nine clinical pregnancies had been registered and 10 children were born. An intriguing fact we can point from the medical history of the clear social freezers (SF) is the record of previous procedure(s) for abortion on demand. It was reported for 12% of the women in this group. Conclusion According to the results we observed as evident that patients need more clarity towards the procedures for oocyte cryopreservation and consequent fertility treatment. We should rise more awareness to the most preferable age for cryopreservation and number of oocytes to be stored.

OPTIMIZATION OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY AT CONSTRUCTION SITES: RESEARCH OF BEST PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES

Problem statement. Problem Statement. This article provides a detailed examination of the importance of optimizing logistics management on construction sites, which serves as a key element for enhancing overall efficiency and productivity in the modern construction industry. In the context of increasing competition and complexity of construction projects, effective logistics management becomes a critical success factor. Significant budget overruns and delays in the execution of construction projects are often associated with inefficient logistics management, especially due to rework, errors in material supply, and deficiencies in coordination among different project participants. This leads to unnecessary expenses, loss of time, and a decrease in the quality of work performed. The purpose of this study. The article focuses on the development and implementation of new strategies and methods for optimizing logistics on construction sites. This includes effective management of material resources, improvement of storage and delivery processes of construction materials, as well as the integration of various aspects of the logistics chain using modern information technologies. The research involves an in-depth analysis of existing literature and current practices on construction sites, which allows identifying the main problems and determining key challenges and opportunities for improvement. Methodology. To achieve the set goal, methods of system analysis, comparative studies, and modeling of logistics processes are used. Real cases from construction practice are analyzed, and surveys of experts and specialists in the fields of logistics and construction are conducted. Conclusions. The research results can be useful for improving logistics management processes on construction sites, which will contribute to reducing resource losses and increasing efficiency in the construction industry. The article also makes an important contribution to understanding the critical importance of logistics management in modern construction and offers specific recommendations and practical tools for its improvement. This can promote the competitiveness of construction companies and the development of the industry as a whole.

ADAPTATION OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS PARTICIPANTS TO DISTANCE EDUCATION DURING THE PERIOD OF MARTIAL STATUS

Problem statement. The forced change in the form of education in higher education, which was first caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and then by the introduction of martial law, requires all participants in the educational process to respond effectively to the emergence of new challenges. The process of adaptation to the forced transformation of the form of education is complex, both from the point of view of the technical possibilities of ensuring the quality of education, and from the point of view of the psycho-emotional state of students and teachers. It is impossible to create a comfortable educational environment without monitoring the needs of students. These needs are dynamic due to constant changes in the forms of education. Adaptation of students to new forms of education (without loss of quality) will depend on understanding their attitude to innovations in the organization of education and taking into account their opinion when planning further changes. Purpose of the article. Determining the attitude of students to the organization of education in a higher educational institution in the conditions of martial law, taking into account psychological aspects. Conclusion. The results of an online survey among students of higher education indicate the gradual adaptation of all participants in the educational process to various forms of education. In general, students are satisfied with conducting online classes according to the schedule (synchronous mode using the Zoom platform). From a psychological point of view, there are problems with concentration of attention when studying, associated with threats to health and life. The results of the survey indicate that more attention should be paid to psychological support. This can be done by offering students to study a separate elective discipline, which is aimed at obtaining skills to ensure personal protection during armed and/or informational aggression, or add to the list of mandatory topics for curatorial hours. In general, students positively evaluate the changes in the distance learning method that took place after its introduction since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. The majority of students are satisfied with the organization and conduct of education in a distance format. After the abolition of martial law in the country, the majority of master's students would choose distance learning, most bachelor's − mixed.

APPROACHES TO EXTENDING THE LIFE OF BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES AT UKRAINIAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Problem statement. Ensuring the safety of nuclear power plants is one of the main issues of Ukraine's national security. The operation of operating nuclear power units in Ukraine has always been associated with the risk of radiation leakage into the soil, rivers or the atmosphere. Since the late 2000s, the power industry has faced a significant challenge: ‘How to extend the regulatory operation and prolong the use of biological protection of the units?’ There are 15 nuclear power units in operation in the country, three ChNPP units are being decommissioned in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, and Unit 4, together with the Shelter and the new safe confinement, is in the process of being transformed into an environmentally safe system. Ukraine has a number of facilities with spent nuclear fuel, radioactive waste and ionising radiation sources. In addition, radiation technologies are used in industry, medicine, science and other sectors. The purpose of the article − analysis of the technical condition and operation of Ukrainian nuclear power units and consideration of the issue of assessing the physical deterioration of NPP unit structures and measures aimed at improving their operational safety. To further improve the level of safety of power units, reduce the risks of accidents at NPPs during natural disasters or other extreme situations, improve the efficiency of managing design and beyond-design basis accidents at NPPs, and minimise their consequences. Conclusion. The considered issues on lifetime extension of power units in operation in Ukraine are highly relevant. The issue of extending the life of biological protection of nuclear power units, taking into account national and international experience, allows to continue operation of a nuclear power plant without shutdown and mothballing. Taking into account the actual state of the building structures of the units, an improved control system was proposed that allows assessing the risks of abnormal and emergency situations during the operation of power unit equipment and eliminating violations during scheduled design and repair work.

ERGONOMICS AS A FACTOR IN ENSURING SAFETY DURING THE OPERATION OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINES ON THE EXAMPLE OF EXCAVATORS

Problem statement. To improve the safe working conditions of excavator operators, it is important to effectively manage ergonomic quality indicators, increase the reliability of excavators, and improve the sanitary and hygienic conditions and comfort of operators. The set of ergonomic indicators of the operator–excavator system, including controllability, occupancy, serviceability, masterability and manufacturability, defines the concept of ergonomics (a criterion category of quality management that is also considered as an object of management). Changes in construction affect the efficiency of the operator-excavator system, taking into account specific production and technical, natural and climatic, and socio-economic conditions. The re-equipment of construction sites with new generation excavators equipped with modern control, computer information and diagnostic systems, hardware and software for data transmission, processing and analysis not only improves the efficiency of construction work but also changes the safe nature of human-machine interaction. The purpose of the article. Ensuring safety during the operation of construction machines (excavators), taking into account ergonomics criteria, which is an urgent scientific task, the solution of which will improve working conditions and increase the efficiency of excavators. Conclusion. The conducted research has shown that the ergonomic component “man – machine – environment” on the example of improving excavators allows to increase the safety of machines and improve the working conditions of construction machine operators. The use of the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy set theory to evaluate and manage the ergonomics of excavators is due to the nature and specificity of the functioning of the elements of the “operator–excavator” system. Information about the system elements can be represented by subjective opinions or judgements, inaccurate data or errors in measurements and parameter calculations. Therefore, it is necessary to use mathematical tools that take into account quantitative and qualitative information presented in linguistic form.

APPLICATION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR LOCALIZED THERMOREGULATION AND VENTILATION OF WORKERS AT JOBSITES OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE INDUSTRIES

Problem statement. In metallurgical and petrochemical industries using high-temperature technological processes, there exists an issue of overheating of workers due to significant heat loads. To prevent such hazard, large industrial fans are installed directly at production sites providing air circulation over a wide area. However, their performance characteristics, operation modes and placement schemes do not always ensure adequate cooling of employees. There is a need to study this problem in order to develop measures for improving efficiency of such devices through their enhancement and optimized application. The aim of the article is a comprehensive study of possibilities of applying unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for cooling of working zones at productions with high heat loads instead of traditional industrial fans. The main objectives include: Conducting analysis of modern workplace cooling systems and identifying their shortcomings; Exploring technical characteristics of drones that can be used for this purpose; Developing a concept of algorithm for drone-fan control system to ensure operation in automatic mode with preset parameters for a working post; Experimental verification of efficiency of such system on a laboratory model. Conclusion. Application of drones for localized cooling of working zones will increase efficiency and flexibility of ventilation systems compared to existing ones; Such a system will provide optimal microclimatic conditions directly for each employee; Energy efficiency of this approach will be higher as only necessary cooling power will be used; Expected improvement of occupational safety and reduction of professional risks due to lower heat loads.

RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH ON INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR DETECTING DEFECTS IN FLAT ROOFS

Problem Statement. In Ukraine, the most numerous buildings are those constructed between 1960–1990. As of today, half of them require major repairs. According to current Ukrainian regulatory documents, comprehensive inspections of the entire building should be conducted every 10 years, and at least once every 5 years for buildings or separate elements of buildings that operate under adverse conditions, including roofs. During the full-scale war on the territory of Ukraine, the safety and health of workers are of paramount importance. Especially during air raids, when being on the roof is most dangerous—posing a threat to the life and health of specialists inspecting the roof [1]. The issue of preserving life and health is particularly significant during the Covid-19 pandemic. For example, the International Code Council, the main institution for standardizing building systems in the USA, issued recommendations during the Covid-19 pandemic regarding remote inspection of building structures. The authorities of Los Angeles at the municipal level proposed using this method for building structure inspections [2]. Objective. The article aims to analyze the needs and challenges associated with roof inspections in Ukraine, particularly in the Dnipropetrovsk region, in the context of the ongoing full-scale war. It is necessary to determine the overall volume of roofs requiring inspection, the main defects that arise, and the risks that may occur due to the lack of timely inspections. Additionally, the article needs to outline the main stages of the roof inspection process, identify the necessary knowledge and skills required by qualified specialists for comprehensive roof inspections. Conclusions. Analyzing the total number of buildings and the norms determining the frequency of roof inspections, considering all preparation stages and the skills needed by inspection specialists, as well as the conditions of the full-scale war in which our country finds itself today, it can be concluded that the preparation of such specialists is resource-intensive and requires significant investments of time and effort. Unfortunately, according to IMF data, the population of Ukraine is showing a tendency to decrease. According to statistics, in 2022 the population decreased to 35 million, and by 2023 – to 33.2 million. This leads to a decline in the number of sufficiently qualified specialists who will be able to comprehensively engage in roof inspections. The general review of aspects showed the need to introduce innovative solutions and new approaches in the field of comprehensive roof inspections. This particularly concerns the effective detection of roof defects, the preparation of comprehensive reports, and estimates with maximum savings of time, financial, and human resources.

ASSESSMENT OF THE RISKS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Problem statement. In order to effectively increase the security of critical infrastructure in the energy sector, it is necessary to assess all threats and analyze threat scenarios for the facility itself. Threats to energy security are the possibility of short-term or long-term situations, real or potential factors, phenomena or events that may disrupt the stability and security of the country's energy sector. These threats can lead to restriction or disruption of energy supply to consumers, accidents and other negative consequences. In many cases, the failure of one facility or system will affect the ability of interconnected facilities or systems in the same or another sector to perform their functions. For a relatively stationary system, it is important to identify those components or critical nodes where the potential consequences will be highest and where security and resilience efforts need to be focused. The purpose of the article is to develop and implement an approach to determining the risks of an emergency situation at critical infrastructure facilities using the example of the Dolyna Gas Processing Plant (GPP). Conclusions. An approach to identifying and assessing the risks of the critical infrastructure of the energy sector was developed and implemented, with the help of which potential vulnerabilities of the object to various threats are revealed. A simulation model for cascading effects has been built, which allows obtaining probabilistic estimates of the development of events under defined scenarios for a critical infrastructure object.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR EXECUTION OF CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY WORK IN SPECIAL CONDITIONS

Problem statement. Being in a state of war since February 24, 2022, Ukraine is facing complex challenges and threats affecting various spheres of life, including the construction industry. Constant shelling and air strikes create dangerous conditions for construction workers and increase the risks to their lives and health. Carrying out construction and installation work in conditions of war requires the development of special strategies and technologies that will ensure the maximum level of safety of workers and continue construction projects in such difficult conditions. Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to ensure the safety of construction workers during construction and assembly works in Ukraine. Methods. Analytical studies of the level of security at construction sites under martial law conditions, analysis and synthesis of available data, comparison of the level of construction and installation works in Ukraine, systemic and legal research of legislation in the field of labor protection. Research results. The danger of aerial alarms and missile threats is so serious that it forces businesses to look for effective ways to protect their employees. An important prospect is the conversion of existing building structures such as elevator shafts, underground rooms and other parts of buildings into safe shelters. It will save the time and effort normally spent on evacuating workers, and will also reduce the risks to life and health of workers. Creating safe working conditions on construction sites requires a comprehensive approach and the implementation of innovative technologies. Mobile shelters, conversion of existing structures and implementation of contingency plans are key steps in this direction. Scientific novelty. Offered solutions for ensuring the safety of construction workers in the conditions of a military conflict have been developed and presented. Practical significance. The results of this research can be used to develop new approaches and technologies that will ensure the safety of workers and the efficiency of construction work in risk conditions.

RADIATION PROTECTION WHEN USING SOURCES OF IONIZING RADIATION IN MEDICINE

Problem statement. The use of sources of ionizing radiation (SIR) in medicine is necessary for establishing diagnoses and treating patients, as well as measures for visualization and localization of various formations when using radiopharmaceuticals to study the functions and structure of organs. But when using sources of ionizing radiation, risks from radiation exposure to patients and staff are possible. Such risks are safety concerns in nuclear medicine procedures. The application of SIR requires proper radiation protection in accordance with the norms and rules of nuclear and radiation safety. Purpose of the article is to develop recommendations for improving radiation safety measures in medical institutions of Ukraine on the basis of an analytical review of regulatory and scientific and technical literature on radiation safety when using ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine in the countries of the world. Conclusions. During medical research using sources of ionizing radiation, risks from radiation exposure to patients and staff are possible. Radiation safety should consider: duration of exposure, distance of patients and staff from the source of radiation and use of appropriate protection. Dosimeters for measuring the total radiation dose must be worn by all personnel of the radiology department of the hospital. For interventional radiologists, lead aprons and thyroid shields are the primary means of radiation protection that must be worn at all times during the procedure. It is recommended that criteria for clinical audits be included in standards and accreditation and certification programs related to medical practice using ionizing radiation. It is advisable to introduce the teaching of clinical audit into the initial and continuing education and curricula of the professional training of medical workers, including administrative and managerial profiles. In the radiological laboratories of Ukraine, it is expedient to implement the recommendations of the EU Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom. Clinical audit of medical radiological procedures will provide an opportunity to improve the quality and safety of medical services, as well as patient health care.