The purpose of the article is to study the state youth policy of the Soviet government at the initial stage and formation of the Soviet statehood. The authors analyze the special features of the development of student self-government bodies, the process of determining the degree of their loyalty to the Soviet government, effectiveness of the impact on young people, choosing a model of the relationship between the formed bodies and the party organizations of universities. To study the student self-government model in the youth policy of the Soviet government between 1917 and 1923 and to obtain a more complete and accurate understanding of the principles and mechanisms of functioning of the model, its results and effectiveness, as well as its uniqueness in the context of other stu-dent self-government models, the following methods are used: historical method, sociological, comparative, statistical, combined methods. As a result, the authors come to the conclusion that strengthening political influence on young people is in need. This function was transferred to the Kom-somol organizations of universities under the party bodies leadership. As an additional structure of student self-government, student trade unions were organized, which took over the organization of student life in the broad sense of the word.