State Variety Trials Research Articles

Efficacy of natural and synthetic inhibitors in the elimination of viruses in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Background. Developing new effective plant protection methods against viruses is a vital task for seed potato production. The use of virus inhibitors (mainly synthetic ones) is the most common method in potato virus control. Products of natural origin might be a way to reduce the dependence on synthetic inhibitors. Among the former, extracts from seaweeds have high potential, producing a low or no negative impact on the environment or human health. Materials and methods. The materials of the research included potato cvs. ‘Poseidon’ and ‘Orion’ developed at the Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika, the commercial antiviral product Ribavirin, and the sulfated polysaccharide – carrageenan – obtained from red algae at the G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry. A highly sensitive PCR method was employed to detect viral infections in plant samples. Results. The efficacy of chemotherapy with Ribavirin (0.03%) was established at 79.8% against PVY, 77.0% against PLRV, 80.3% against PVM, and 84.5% against PVS. The most successfully eliminated viruses were PVY, PVM, and PVS. Carrageenan as an antiviral substance eliminated potato viruses at the following rates: PLRV in 74.7% of the explants, PVM in 70.2%, PVS in 69.2%, and PVY in 16.9%. Conclusion. Analyzing the antiviral activity of natural and synthetic virus inhibitors in the case study of carrageenan and Ribavirin demonstrated their high efficacy against potato viruses. Natural polysaccharides – carrageenans – were observed to have a significant antiviral effect, so their use in agricultural biotechnology might be promising for new experiments. Our approach successfully eliminated viruses in two new promising potato cultivars, ‘Poseidon’ and ‘Orion’, which were included in the system of virus-free seed production. These cultivars were submitted for patenting and official testing under the State Variety Trials.

Evaluation of spring barley cultivars released in Belarus under the environmental conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals

Background. Studying the genetic diversity of ex situ barley accessions under contrasting environmental conditions (humid with a lack of heat, favorable, arid, etc.) makes it possible to assess them according to the duration of the growing season, resistance to lodging, potential productivity, drought resistance, grain quality, and environmental plasticity. Materials and methods. The results of an 8-year trial (2016–2023) of 11 spring barley accessions of Belarusian origin in the northern forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Province are presented. The experiments followed the protocols adopted for the state variety trials. An SKS-6-10 seeder was used for sowing, the plot area was 5 m2 , and cv. ʻAbalakʼ served as the reference. The seeding rate was 550 viable seeds per 1 m2 . Results. A majority of the studied accessions matured later than the medium-ripening reference cultivar. Weather conditions during the growing season in the Northern Trans-Urals had a decisive effect on the harvest formation, protein content and starch content in barley grain (74.6%, 70.8% and 81.8%, respectively). The effect of the genotype on these indicators was 7.9%, 17.5% and 6.2%, respectively. Starch content also depended on the genotype × environment interaction (9.7%). Fat content was almost equally affected by the genotype (25.1%) and the environment (26.7%). The genotype × environment interaction was more significant (31.2%). Conclusion. The following sources were identified among the tested cultivars: ‘Vodar’ (high yield, drought tolerance, etc.); ‘Magutny’ (high yield, and environmental plasticity); ‘Khago’ (large grain, low hull content, and increased protein and starch content levels); ‘Lipen’ (high test weight, increased starch content, and environmental plasticity); ‘Fobos’ (drought tolerance, and increased protein content); ‘Dublet’ (lodging resistance, and increased protein content); ‘Taler’ (reduced protein content, and environmental plasticity); ‘Pospekh’ (reduced protein content).

Selection varieties of meadow clover with high productive qualities for the conditions of the Volgo-Vyatka region

The results of evaluation of five breeding varieties of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in terms of fodder and seed productivity are presented. Breeding varietal populations of P-15, GPF-49-3, GPF-86-3 SGPF-159-3, SGPF-159-3 + SGP-117 of the double-cut type were investigated in comparison with the standard Dymkovsky for 3 years of economic use of grass stands (2020-2022) in a competitive varietal trial of 2019 sowing. The studies were conducted on strongly acidic (рНKC1 = 4,47) sod-podzolic soils with high content of exchangeable forms of phosphorus and potassium (192.5 and 217.9 mg/kg), low – humus (2.2%). The weather conditions in the years of research were characterized as moderately warm. The average monthly air temperature for April-August amounted to 13.0-15.6 °C with different precipitation supply: in 2020 – excessive, in 2021 – with a slight deficit, in 2022 – close to normal. During the years of research, high winter hardiness of all the studied varieties (more than 80%) was established. The duration of plant development periods in the varieties at mowed and seed use of grass stands was determined. The economic and biological characteristics of the varieties were given, describing the nature of the changes in plant height and foliage, fodder and seed productivity in comparison with the standard Dymkovsky. Two breeding varieties GPF-49-3 and P-15 have been identified based on the results of this research. The winter hardiness of these varieties was 92.6 and 96.9 %, total dry matter yield for 2 years – 21.90 and 21.56 t/ha (+12.7 and 11.0 % to the standard) and the seed yield on average for 2 years – 1.72 and 2.14 kg/ha (+8.9 and +35.4 % to the standard). These varieties are promising for testing in the Volga-Vyatka region and are suitable for state variety trials.

АГРОКЛИМАТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА ЗЕРНА ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БАШКОРТОСТАН

The results of the study of the dependence of the grain quality of soft spring wheat (Tríticum aestívum L.) on the main agroclimatic resources in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. Field experiments were carried out in different geographical locations of the republic according to the methodology of the State Variety Trial. Laboratory analyses of grain quality were carried out according to the methodology set forth in the State Standards. It has been established that the quality of soft spring wheat grain in the Republic of Bashkortostan largely depends on agroclimatic resources. In recent years, there has been a manifestation of global climate change on the territory of the republic. The amount of gluten in the grain depends to a large extent on the change in the average daily air temperature in June (r = 0.741) and to a slight extent on the average daily temperature in July (r = 0.359). The degree of dependence of gluten content increases significantly with an increase in the sum of air temperatures during the active vegetation of spring wheat (r = 0.812). The dependence of gluten content on the sum of temperatures in June and July is straightforward, and an increase in heat resources during the vegetation period of spring wheat plants by 10 °C contributes to an increase in the gluten content in grain by 0.73 %. Heat resources have a comparatively weak effect on other indicators of wheat grain quality. The correlation coefficient between gluten content and precipitation in July was 0.764. An increase in precipitation in July by 10 mm leads to a decrease in the gluten content in the grain of spring soft wheat by 0.49 %. High moisture availability also leads to the formation of soft spring wheat grain with low vitreousness (r = –0.547) and natural weight (r = –0.521). Moisture resources had a small effect on the gluten deformation index (r = 0.227). Precipitation in June has a weak effect on the quality indicators of spring soft wheat grain. The correlation coefficients between the sum of precipitation in June and the quality indicators were positive and ranged from 0.223 to 0.341

Селекция подсолнечника в изменяющихся агроклиматических условиях Тамбовской области

Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture – a branch of the I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center (early Tambov State Regional Agricultural Experimental station) has been conducting the breeding of sunflowers from the 50th of the last century. The Tambov region is located on 52 grad. N lat. In the north border of the sunflower cultivation. The duration of a period from seedling appearance to physiological maturity of sunflower should be equal no more than 80–85 days in conditions of the Tambov region. A short frostless period and early autumn colds, often accompanied with long rains do not allow producing more productive sunflower varieties and hybrids with a growing season of 120–130 days. The agricultural production requires for very early and early varieties maturing without desiccation before harvest. During these years, as the results of scientific breeding works, 19 varieties and a hybrid of sunflower were developed. Currently, five varieties Spartak, Chakinsky 931, Chakinsky 77, PK 05, Chakinsky 100, and a hybrid Nadezhda developed jointly with a company “Agroplazma” are included into the State Register of breeding achievements permitted for the agricultural production in the Central Chernozem (5) and Middle Volga (7) regions. In 2021, the new sunflower variety Zagrey 21 was introduced into the State variety trial. During the testing period in a competitive variety trial nursery, its 1000 seed weight was 75.4 g, oil content – 49.2%. Oil yield of the new variety reliably exceeded the control by 40 kg/ha. Now, the sunflower breeding department works on development of productive, oil and confectionary types, herbicide resistant, very early and early maturing sunflower varieties and hybrids.

Breeding work on new potato genotypes under the conditions of Primorsky Kray

Relevance. Potato is one of the most important agricultural crops used for various purposes. Its tubers are an essential food product for many people worldwide. The development of breeding technologies and an accelerated marketing of new promising potato genotypes play a significant role in the industry of potato production today. FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnologies of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki” conducted a complex study on potato hybrids.The research goal was to evaluate and select promising potato hybrids with high yield, marketability, and resistance to the most dangerous diseases. The experiments were carried out in our breeding nurseries located at Putsilovka v., Ussuriysk district, in the Kazachka river valley. Hybrids Purple potato × Manifest and (Aspiya×Qusto) × Manifest were used as the research object. The methodology of FSBSI “N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources” and FSBSI “Russian Potato Research Center” were employed for the trials of the material. Fifty-two potato varieties from different maturity groups were used as pollen sources.Results. As the result, seventy-one hybrid combinations were created, 2272 flowers were pollinated, and 640 potato fruits were obtained. The efficiency of the crossing was 28.2%. Hybrids Pri15-12-23 Purple potato × Manifest and Pri-15-15-7 (Aspiya×Qusto) × Manifest had the highest rate of potato fruit formation. These accessions were characterized by good taste and high yield (48.7-51.0 t/ha), starch content (13.9-16.3 %), and vitamin C (15.0-15.4 mg/100 g). Tubers of these genotypes were oblong-oval or round with yellow flesh and small eyes. The studied accessions showed resistance to the main plant pathogens of the Russian Far East. Currently the obtained genotypes are tested for resistance to potato wart disease (S. Endobioticum, Dahlem pathotype) in the State variety trials. These accessions generate significant interest for breeding.

Новый скороспелый сорт подсолнечника Кремень

Kremen is a new very early maturing sunflower varie-ty of oil type. It was developed in the laboratory of Sunflower variety breeding of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2015–2021 as a result of multiple individual selection from the best families of a variety-population SUR by productivity, morphotype, tolerance to broomrape races (A–F), high field resistance to dry rot, and toler-ance to phomopsis. The new variety is differed from the standard variety VNIIMK 100 with its increased productivity (seed yield – by 14%, oil yield – by 16%) and improved morphometric traits. The period from seedling appearance to physiological maturity of 81 days is equal to the same of the standard variety. The plant height of the new variety is 145–155 cm. The weight of 1000 seeds is within 55 g at the plant popu-lation of 40 thousand seeds per ha. The sunflower variety Kremen from 2021 is under the state variety trial in the Central Chernozrn (5), Northern Caucasus (6), Middle Volga (7), Low Volga (8), Ural (9), and Western Siberian (10) regions.

Registration of ‘S16‐5503GT’ soybean cultivar with high yield, broad adaptation, and glyphosate tolerance

Abstract‘S16‐5503GT’ (Reg. no. CV‐555, PI 700002) is a semi‐determinate, late‐maturity group IV (relative maturity, 4.8), glyphosate‐tolerant, high‐yielding soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar developed and released in 2021 by the University of Missouri‐Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center (MU‐FDREEC) soybean breeding program. Southern U.S. growers’ preference for high‐yielding, early‐maturing cultivars with glyphosate tolerance and broad disease resistance motivated the development of S16‐5503GT soybean. It was evaluated in a total of 92 environments across 12 U.S. mid‐southern states from 2017 to 2021 for yield and agronomic traits. Across all testing environments, S16‐5503GT yielded 4,258 kg ha−1, which was equivalent to 108% of the non‐Xtend check mean and 102% of the Xtend check mean, ranking in the top 19% overall. In the 2021 Southern State Variety Trials, S16‐5503GT yielded 4,455 kg ha−1 and ranked in the top 43% overall. S16‐5503GT is resistant to soybean cyst nematode races 3 (HG type 5.7) and 5 (HG type 2.5.7) and moderately resistant to race 2 (HG type 1.2.5.7). It is also resistant to southern root‐knot nematode, reniform nematode, frogeye leaf spot, charcoal rot, and brown stem rot and is tolerant to extreme salinity conditions. The broad disease resistance package combined with high‐yielding performance and wide adaptability across multiple mid‐southern states make S16‐5503GT an excellent cultivar choice for soybean growers in the southern United States, where late‐maturity group IV varieties are in demand.

Morphological and agronomic characteristics of winter rye cultivars in connection with their resistance to lodging

Background. Lodging resistance of winter rye is associated with morphological features of the stem. Searching for source material to breed non-lodging high-yielding cultivars requires studying the varietal phenotypic diversity according to morphological characters of the stem that affect the resistance to lodging and the productivity of the ear.Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out in 2017–2020 at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East (FARC North-East), Kirov. Field resistance to lodging, morphological characteristics of the stem, yield, and ear productivity were evaluated in 16 winter rye cultivars. The study was based on the International COMECON List of Descriptors for the Genus Secale L., and Methodology for the State Variety Trials of Agricultural Crops. The weight of segments of the second lower internodes was measured in 10 plants of each cultivar under laboratory conditions.Results and conclusions. Negative correlations of lodging resistance with stem length (r= –0.55) and the weight of the second lower internode (r = –0.65) were revealed. Ear productivity of rye cultivars was significantly associated with the wall thickness (r = 0.52) and the length of the second lower internode (r = –0.52). According to the results of the path analysis, the main causes of a decrease in lodging resistance were the weight of the segment (P = –0.467) and the length of the second lower internode (P = –0.408), while an increase was connected with the wall thickness of the second lower internode (P = 0.424). The cultivars differed significantly in their resistance to lodging (LSD05 = 0.8). Cvs. ‘Moskovskaya 12’, ‘Tatyana’, ‘Bylina’ and ‘Yantarnaya’ were identified; they are recommended as source material for breeding for lodging resistance.

Biochemical content and yield of some cultivars of green bean (<I>Phaseolus vulgaris</I> L.) under Moscow region conditions

Relevance. Increased demand in Russia for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties of domestic breeding has stimulated the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center of breeding to intensify research on the creation of new asparagus bean varieties of vegetable direction.Materials and methods. Four vegetable bean varieties – Secunda, Lika, Ulyasha, Si Bemol of the laboratory of selection and seed production of vegetable Legume crops of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center were used as the material for the study. The counts and observations were made according to the Methodology of the State Variety Trial of Agricultural Crops, 1975. The count of productivity was carried out in the technical stage of ripeness by replications. Harvesting was carried out when the biological stage of ripeness was reached. Biochemical studies of plants were carried out in the laboratoryanalytical department of the FSBSI FSVC. The biochemical composition of vegetable bean (green bean) varieties was studied according to the following indicators: determination of the total content of water-soluble antioxidants, ascorbic acid, dry matter, polyphenols, monosaccharides, total sugar content and starch.Results. Evaluation of samples by aggregate factors contributes to the selection of the most promising and high-quality varieties for their introduction into production. As a result of the research of vegetable bean on the main economically valuable features and biochemical composition for the period from 2018 to 2020, the varieties Lika and Ulyasha were selected. They were distinguished by high productivity of beans and seeds. Green bean variety Lika was noted for the highest total content of water-soluble antioxidants, ascorbic acid and the total of sugars content, the green bean variety "lobio" Ulyasha - high content of polyphenols and the total of antioxidants in the alcohol extract. Stable high yield, adaptive potential and high quality of beans, confirmed by the results of biochemical evaluation, allow us to recommend these varieties for consumption by the population as part of the diet and as an alternative to meat and dairy products.

Registration of conventional soybean germplasm JTN‐5110 with resistance to nematodes and fungal pathogens

AbstractMore soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield is lost to soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) in the United States each year than to any other soybean pathogen, causing estimated crop losses exceeding US$1 billion annually. Planting soybeans that resist infection by SCN and limit the reproduction of this pest is a time‐tested management solution. JTN‐5110 (Reg. no. GP‐458, PI 678369) is a maturity group (MG) V soybean germplasm developed using molecular markers and released by the USDA‐ARS in 2017 for its broad resistance to SCN as well as its resistance to reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira), frogeye leaf spot (caused by Cercospora sojina Hara), and sudden death syndrome (caused by Fusarium virguliforme O'Donnell & T. Aoki). JTN‐5110 is an F3‐derived line from the cross of experimental soybean J98‐32 × ‘Anand’. JTN‐5110 is resistant to H. glycines (HG) types 1.2.5.7 (race 2) and 2.5.7 (race 5) as well as HG types 0, 5.7, and 7 (all corresponding to race 3). From 2010 to 2017, JTN‐5110 was evaluated in 144 environments as part of 17 yield trials that included Uniform Soybean Tests and state variety trials in Arkansas and Tennessee. Seed yield of JTN‐5110 was either not significantly different from or significantly higher than the trial mean in 16 of the 17 trials. JTN‐5110 is an excellent choice for a MG V parent for developing soybean cultivars with durable resistance to SCN and other economically important diseases of soybean.

‘Gvardeets’: a new awnless brome (<i>Bromorsis inermis</i>) cultivar developed in Tyumen Province

Background. Awnless brome (Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub) is a perennial herbaceous plant used as feed in animal husbandry, for phytomelioration, and as a component of grass mixtures to make a durable natural cover for landscaping. Studying the genetic diversity of this species and selecting the best accessions will help to develop new cultivars capable of productive longevity.Materials and methods. In 2017, a new cultivar of B. inermis called ‘Gvardeets’ was submitted to the State Variety Trials. It was developed using chemical mutagenesis followed by multiple selection from cv. ‘Sverdlovsky 38’ at the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region, a branch of Tyumen Scientific Center. During the growing seasons of 2012–2020, the cultivar was compared in the field according to the main productivity indicators with the reference cvs. ‘Langepas’ and ‘Sverdlovsky 38’. Observations were performed according to the guidelines for the study of fodder crops.Results and conclusions. The new cultivar ‘Gvardeets’ is mid-season: it takes 50–60 days for its plants to develop from spring regrowth to the beginning of mowing and 95–110 days to harvesting. The plants are erect, 115–145 cm high; foliage content is 38–50%. Protein content in dry matter is 7.0–12.0%; fiber content, 28.2–34.0%. It has a good yield: the harvest of green mass for 9 years averaged 22.8 t/ha; hay, 7.7 t/ha; seeds, 0.19 t/ha, which is higher the original cv. ‘Sverdlovsky 38’ ( ) by 13, 12 and 16% and the productive cv. ‘Langepas’ by 6, 7 and 5%, respectively. It is winter-hardy, resistant to lodging, technology-friendly, and well adaptable to adverse environmental conditions, which ensures its high value for practical use. It was designed for hayfields and pastures. According to the results of the State Variety Trials, in 2021 it was commercialized for the Volga-Vyatka (4), West Siberian (10), and East Siberian (11) regions of Russia.

Селекция подсолнечника в Тамбовском НИИСХ: история и достижения (70 лет пути)

Sunflower breeding started in the Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture – a branch of the I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center in the 50s of the last century (in those years, the Tambov State Regional Agricultural Experimental Station). There were de-veloped very early and early-maturing sunflower varieties that ripen in the first half of September, and are not inferior by oil yield per a hectare to the best middle maturing varieties of the Russian breed-ing. Sunflower collections were studied, promising forms for the subsequent stages of the breeding process were identified and a diverse source material was developed. From 1956 to 1966, four new sunflower varieties were bred and submitted for the State variety trial: Chakinsky 269, Avangard, October 50 and Tambovsky very early maturing. The variety Chakinsky 269 was released in the Tambov, Lipetsk and East Kazakhstan regions. The mid-maturing variety Avangard was released for seeds in the Altai region in 1973 and for silage in the Tambov region. From 1977 to 1984, new highly productive sunflower varieties Trudovik, Signal, Flight, and Rzhaksinsky were developed, they are widely distributed in the Tambov region and beyond. From 1985 to 2001, the very early maturing varieties Chakinsky 602, Chakinsky 787 and the early maturing variety Chakinsky 931 were bred. From 2010 to 2020, four sunflower varieties of various uses: Spartak, Chakinsky 77, PK 05, Chakinsky 100 and one sunflower hybrid Nadezhda were developed together with Agroplasma LLC. In 2021, a new variety of sunflower was submitted to the State variety trial. During the years of testing in the nursery of a competitive variety trial, the weight of 1000 seeds was 75.4 g, oil content of the seeds – 49.2%, and by oil yield it exceeded the control by 40 kg/ha.

Особенности отбора и оценки крупноплодного подсолнечника кондитерского назначения для условий Западной Сибири

Sunflower breeding (Helianthus annuus L.) in Siberia aims first on the development of very early maturing genotypes resistant to pathogens. The development of large-seeded confectionary sunflower varieties is one of the breeding directions at the Siberian experimental station – a branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Isilkul, Omsk region). Perspective sunflower samples of confectionary type bred at the Siberian experimental station were studied in 2001–2012. A middle maturing variety Baloven and early maturing Sibirsky 12 developed at the station are included into the State register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation and permitted for production in the Western Siberian region (10). The experiments were conducted on a breeding field of the Siberian experimental station (the southern forest-steppe zone of western Siberia). Planting of nurseries, observations and accounts were carried out according to the procedure developed at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. Using as an example a breeding process of the sunflower variety Sibirsky 12, we showed peculiarities of selection and evaluation of confectionary sunflower for the conditions of Western Siberia. This variety was developed by a method of the multiple individual selection of very early biotypes from the variety-population Baloven and the interpollination of the best families at free flowering. Long-term data of the breeding process of the variety Sibirsky 12 are published first. The variety was submitted for the state variety trial (SVT) in 2012, included into the State register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation in 2015. A patent for the variety Sibirsky 12 has a date of invention 06.11.2012, the authors’ certificates are received. Currently this variety is actively included into the development of new breeding material having parameters of a confectionary variety.

Сорт масличного льна Сания

In 2020, a new variety of oil flax Saniya, bred by the Siberian Experimental Station, a branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, was submitted for the State variety trial. The variety was developed by the method of individual selection from a hybrid population of the 3rd generation from crossing the breeding lines 39122 and 39755. Hybridization was carried out in 2012. An elite plant was selected in 2015. The variety has high oil content and thousand-seed weight. According to the results of the competitive variety trial (2018–2020), the oil flax variety Saniya exceeded the standard variety August in seed yield by 0.25 t/ha, in oil yield – by 125 kg/ha, oil content of seeds is higher than the standard variety one by 0.7 %, the thousand-seed weight is higher by 0.8 g. The new variety is intended for obtaining high-quality technical oil. The recommended regions for cultivation are Volga-Vyatka (4); Central Black Earth (5); North Caucasus (6); Middle Volga (7); Lower Volga (8); Ural (9); West Siberian (10). The originator of the variety Saniya is V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops.

Yield potential of soybean varieties and its fulfillment

Purpose and objectives. To determine peculiarities of the fulfillment of the yield potential of modern soybean varieties in different soil and climatic zones of Ukraine.
 Materials and methods. Fourteen soybean varieties bred at PPI NAAS and included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine were studied: Podiaka, Malvina, Estafeta, Sprytna, Baika, Krynytsia, Kobza, Pysanka, Perlyna, Melodiia, Rainduha, Krasunia, Rizdviana, and Sloboda. The soybean yields were evaluated in the competitive variety trial (CVT) of the Laboratory of Grain Legume Breeding. The experiments were carried out in four replicates. The record plot area was 25 m2 in accordance with the state variety trial methods. For comparison, we used data on the yields of the same varieties obtained during the qualifying examination for suitability for propagation (SVT) of the Ukrainian Institute of Plant Variety Examination (UIPVE). Data were statistically processed, as B.A. Dospekhov described [18], using STATISTICA 10 and Exel.
 Results and discussion. It was found that the most favorable conditions for growing soybean were in the Forest-Steppe, where the average yield amounted to 2.22 t/ha with fluctuations within 1.94–2.47 t/ha. In the Woodlands, the yield averaged 1.99 t/ha, varying 1.76 t/ha to 2.28 t/ha. The worst conditions were observed in the Steppe, where the average yield was 1.85 t/ha with fluctuations within 1.38–2.25 t/ha. The yield averaged 2.02 t/ha across the SVT zones with the maximum of 2.15 t/ ha and the minimum of 1.83 t/ha. The minimum fulfillment of the yield potential (FYP) in the CVT was 41.3% related to the average across the climatic zones of Ukraine. The maximum FYP in the CVT reached 95.6%. On average, there was a 67.8% fulfillment of the yield potential of the soybean varieties in the CVT. At the same time, the FYP was revealed to depend on the hydrothermal conditions of the test years. The lowest FYP in the CVT was recorded for variety Sloboda (41.3%), which was tested under the unfavorable weather conditions for soybean in 2017 and 2018, when the average yield of the CVT accessions was 0.84 t/ha and 0.50 t/ha, respectively. The average yield from Sloboda in the CVT was 0.85 t/ha, while the average yield in the SVT was 2.06 t/ha. The yield loss was 58.7%. The highest FYP in the SVT was recorded for varieties Krasunia (95.6%), Melodiia (91.4%), Raiduha (84.2%), and Rizdviana (79.5%). For these varieties, the differences in the yield between the CVT and SVT were significantly lower (4.4–20.5%). The relatively high yields from these varieties in the CVT is attributed to the favorable conditions in 2016, when the CVT yield reached the maximum over the study period (2009–2018); the average yield of the varieties amounted to 2.59 t/ha.
 Conclusions. The most favorable conditions for soybean cultivation were in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The average yield in this zone was 2.22 t/ha with fluctuations within 1.94–2.47 t/ha. In the Woodlands, the average soybean yield was 1.99 t/ha, ranging 1.76 t/ha to 2.28 t/ha. In the Steppe, the average yield was 1.85 t/ha, with the minimum of 1.38 t/ha and the maximum of 2.25 t/ha. The yield across the SVT climatic zones averaged 2.02 t/ha, with the maximum of 2.15 t/ha and the minimum of 1.83 t/ha. The minimum FYP in the CVT was 41.3%; the minimum yield was 0.85 t/ha in the CVT and 1.83 t/ha in the SVT. The maximum FYP in the CVT reached 95.6%; the maximum yield amounted to 1.75 t/ha in the CVT and 2.15 t/ha in the SVT. The average FYP in the CVT was 67.8%; the average yield was 1.37 t/ha in the CVT and 2.02 t/ha in the SVT.
 The fulfillment of the yield potential was revealed to depend on the hydrothermal conditions of the test years. It was demonstrated that the high genetically determined yield potential of the soybean varieties was significantly offset by unstable hydrothermal conditions during the soybean growing period, causing considerable fluctuations in the yields. For a more objective analysis of the yield in the competitive trials of soybean varieties, it is necessary to take into account not only the absolute yields of promising accessions, but also the total yield of the crop in individual years of research.

Селекция рапса озимого во ВНИИМК: история и новые результаты (обзор)

Breeding of winter rapeseed in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops was started at the end of 60th of previous century with a selection of perspective winter forms from hybrids of spring brown mustard and winter rapeseed. Heterosis in intraspecific hybrids was studied. The best intraspecific hybrids exceeded the parental forms by 20–36% by seed yield, by 20–27% by green mass yield. A possibility to create intervarietal hybrids based on heterostyly was studied. Conditions for plants acclimation to increase cold resistance of winter rapeseed were studied; methods of selection for cold resistance were developed. In 1982, the development of rapeseed and turnip rape cultivars of ‘00’ type began. To create diversity of breeding germplasm, a great amount of samples from European counties that actively deals with rapeseed breeding were included into the work. In the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, the methods of estimation of oil and fodder protein quality were perfected, cultivars of rapeseed and turnip rape of ‘00’ type (e.g. erucic acid free and with low glucosinolate content) were developed. As a result of breeding for oil quality, high oleic cultivars were developed, that not only improve upon the oil nutritive efficiency but open new possibilities of its technical uses due to increasing oxi- and thermostability. The first Russian high oleic winter rapeseed cultivar Olivin was developed in the V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops and introduced in the State Variety Commission in 2019. The linear cultivars of winter rapeseed were developed by inbreeding, the first interlinear hybrids – using a CMS Ogura system. One of them named Debyut was introduced in the State variety trials 2020.

ASSESSMENT OF EARLY MATURITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NEW CORN HYBRIDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTHERN ZONE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION IN 2020

Evaluation of new breeding samples of early maturing hybrids of the in FSBSI ARRSI of corn 2020 was carried out on an experimental plot with gray forest heavy loamy soils. Meteorological conditions were characterized by an extremely uneven supply of heat and precipitation during the growing season. Of the earliest hybrids, RM 77/18 was isolated with the speed of recoil of moisture by the grain during ripening of 0.88% per day versus 0.64% for the Kubansky 101 standard, as a source of a valuable economic trait. The universal hybrid RM 139/18 surpassed the Nur standard in grain productivity by 10.6%, moisture-yielding speed (1.12% versus 1.02% per day for Nur) and starch content in the grain (57.7% versus 54.6% for Nur). Among the mid-early samples for silage, RM 151/18 stood out: it surpassed the Nur standard in dry matter productivity by 10.8%, output per hectare of crude protein by 35%, sugars - by 15% and metabolizable energy - by 10.6%. Both hybrids are recommended for transfer to State Variety Trials. Analyzed and noted the unreliability of the generally accepted criteria for the preliminary assessment of the early maturity of new maize hybrids in the northern zone of the Middle Volga region.

Cultivars and lines from ICARDA in spring durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) breeding in the Lower Volga region

Background. In 1991, under the cooperation agreement, the Federal Center of Agriculture Research (FCAR) of the South-East Region received the first improved accessions from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). The objective of this work was to study the source material developed under comparable conditions of dryland agriculture and include the best accessions in scientific breeding programs.Material and methods. The presented data resulted from the study of spring durum wheat cultivars and lines from ICARDA (Aleppo, Syria), conducted in 1991–1998. Accessions with the best indicators of grain quality, adapted to the conditions of the Lower Volga, were selected and included into the crossing program. Grain analysis was carried out using the conventional methods for durum wheat as well as those modified by the Spring Durum Wheat Breeding Laboratory of the FCAR of the South-East.Result and conclusion. Many years of work led to identifying 22 lines of spring durum wheat, selected in the breeding nursery of the Main Competitive Trails (MCT) and in different years involved in complex multistep hybridization. The spring durum wheat cultivar ‘Lilek’ was included into the State Register for Selection Achievements in 2009, while cv. ‘Tamara’ was submitted to the State Variety Trials in 2020.

Myronosets – a new productive and high-protein winter triticale cultivar, adapted to the woodlands/forest-steppe and forest-steppe of Ukraine

The creation of new triticale genotypes, the potential of which to a certain extent would meet scientific and production needs, will never lose its relevance.
 Purpose and objectives – to create a new productive and high-protein winter triticale cultivar, adapted to the Woodlands/Forest-Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
 Materials and methods. The breeding work to expend the triticale diversity was continued at the Educational and Research Center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in 2007–2017. The control and environmental trials were conducted in 2009-2019 in the Woodlands (Polissya Institute of Agriculture NAAS (2007–2009); predecessor: seeded fallow), central Forest-Steppe (V.M. Remeslo Myronivska Institute of Wheat NAAS (2016–2019); forecrops: mustard, soybean, pea for seeds; Bila Tserkva NAU (2009–2016); predecessors: seeded fallow, potato), and northern Forest-Steppe (Institute of Horticulture NAAS (2016–2017); forecrop: perennial grasses). No mineral fertilizers were applied. No plant protection measures were taken. Hybridization was performed by manual emasculation of female components. Plants were pollinated by the twirl method 2–3 days after emasculation. The breeding material was studied in compliance with the guidelines of the All-Union Research Institute of Plant Breeding and the methodology of the state cultivar trials. Data were statistically processed, as B.А. Dospekhov described, using Statistica-5.5 and Excel-2003 software.
 Results and discussion. We focus on the importance of triticale for mankind both at the present and in the future. We retrospectively reviewed data on the creation of a new winter triticale cultivar, Myronosets. Bioecological features and morphological characteristics of the new cultivar are given. The grain yield and quality are also summarized. The article covers the quantitative parameters of dough and bread from Myronosets grain. We compared the yields, resistance to lodging, in-spike germination, resistance to fungal pathogens and unfavorable abiotic environmental factors in the new triticale cultivar and previously created ones.
 The data of the 2019–2020 state variety trials of Myronosets are analyzed, and they indicate that the new cultivar has a high potential in agroecosystems of the Woodlands and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
 Myronosets was found to be a source of the short stem (£90 cm) in subsequent hybrid generations.
 In 2008, interspecific hybridization within the notogenus × Triticosecale and double individual selection from F2–F4 hybrid populations derived from crossing (♀Avhusto x ♂Yahuar) x ♂K9844/93 followed by repeated improving selections in F10 allowed us to distinguish the best line, LCh97, which was later named as cultivar Myronosets.
 The new triticale cultivar can give > 7.5 t/ha. The average yield is 5.7 t/ha in the Forest-Steppe – Woodlands transition belt, 6.3 t/ha in the central Forest-Steppe, and 3.5 t/ha in the Woodlands. It is noticeable for high lodging resistance, high shedding resistance, low spike brashness, resistance to in-spike germination, complex resistance to Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm (8.5 points), Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer (9 points.), and Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (8.5 points) and to to the pest Mayetiola destructor Say (8.5 points), high frost tolerance, high winter hardiness, and high drought resistance (8.5–9 points). About 70% of plants survive the laboratory freezing at -18.3°C. The cultivar is also resistant to spring and autumn frosts (9 points).
 Myronosets plants were revealed to be able to regulate their performance under the influence of unfavorable extreme bio- and abiotic factors, leaving 3–4 (more seldom 1–2) fruiting stems, often 1–3 stems with underdeveloped spikes and 1–2 unfertile stems without spikes, which form a radical rosette.
 Conclusions. As it was shown in the state variety trials, Myronosets is a mid-protein cultivar and recommended for cultivation in agroecosystems of the Woodlands and Forest-Steppe. Myronosets was proven to be a source of the short stem