Measures Of State Support Research Articles

Model of entrepreneurship of Heydar Aliyev and its development in the modern period

In the article, the necessity of modeling research approaches to entrepreneurship is substantiated and the signs of creating a business environment corresponding to it are defined. In model of entrepreneurship of Heydar Aliyev, the author also examined the system of legal regulation of state support measures for entrepreneurship; its unique characteristics and the outcomes of its successful application in contemporary times were defined.

Методические подходы к оценке эффективности мер государственной поддержки промышленности: сравнительный анализ зарубежного опыта

This article provides a comparative analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of state support measures for industry. The authors explore various approaches used in the scientific literature and practical experience to measure the effectiveness of government programs and tools aimed at supporting the industrial sector. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the features and level of centralization of state support. The authors analyze both qualitative and quantitative assessment methods covering such aspects as production growth, innovation, competitiveness and resource efficiency. In addition, the authors draw attention to the advantages and limitations of each approach and offer recommendations for improving the process of evaluating the effectiveness of state support.

Институциональная среда конкурентоспособного агропромышленного комплекса как фактор устойчивого развития сельских территорий (на примере Республики Татарстан)

In conditions of limited resources, the problem of organizing the institutional environment, which determines the effective interaction of business entities, the introduction of innovations and digital technologies, is becoming more urgent. The organization of effective innovative production generates systemic effects of including resources in production, reducing costs for entering the industry, developing infrastructure, and increasing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. At the same time, in modern conditions, the level of requirements for the competencies of agricultural workers is changing. The implementation of an innovative system of training specialists and professional retraining of personnel, modern educational platforms provide for the transition to the implementation of individual training programs for specialists and professional retraining of personnel, the development of relevant competencies and training specialists to work in the environment of modern technological complexes. In the Republic of Tatarstan, the system of state support measures for agricultural enterprises has led to an innovative renewal of the production technological base, digitalization of agricultural production, improvement of the personnel training system, and, ultimately, increasing the efficiency of the agricultural sector of the economy and ensuring the competitive advantages of agricultural formations, ensuring sustainable development of rural areas. The synergistic effects of timely effective state support led to the growth of agricultural production in the republic.

АНАЛИЗ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЛЕСОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА РОССИИ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ РАЗВИТИЯ

The paper presents an analysis of the interrelationships and the impact of the key features of the timber industry complex (LPC) of Russia on innovation activity. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of factors, risks and opportunities to improve the innovation climate in the agricultural sector. The results confirm that the main number of enterprises is concentrated in logging and trade. This indirectly indicates a lack of attention to deep processing of wood. Since the timber industry remains export-oriented, the stimulating policy of the state is important for the development of domestic market demand for timber products, taking into account the low solvency of the population, as well as the improvement of investment policy to increase the volume of financing and rational allocation of resources in the areas of activity of the timber industry. In addition, a necessary condition for the development of the industry is to increase the level of innovative activity of organizations: the training of relevant personnel, the creation of research and design departments, increasing investment in innovation. The private nature of LPC enterprises leads to the fact that development is at the expense of decreasing own funds of enterprises. Thus, the implementation of state support measures, including specific projects, and the own innovative efforts of LPC enterprises are key components of the restructuring of the domestic timber industry as part of the overdue renewal and reorganization of the industry.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ

The article presents an analysis that allows determining the state of investment activity and its impact on the production of innovative products by enterprises. The issue under consideration is important at the stage of fundamental changes in the conditions and factors of economic development and is primarily due to an increase in the innovative activity of organizations due to the attraction of external investments and the allocation of own funds for the implementation of new innovative projects. Static nature and the impossibility of a quick response to unpredictable market changes puts the industrial sector in a difficult position, as management processes lag significantly behind the state of the external environment. This explains the attention paid to the practical role of investment and the peculiarities of innovation management, which makes it possible to form a system for choosing effective tools for managing enterprises in high-tech sectors of the economy. This explains the attention paid to the practical role of investment and the peculiarities of innovation management, which makes it possible to form a system for choosing effective tools for managing enterprises in high-tech sectors of the economy. Special attention is paid to the identification of development trends and problems that impede the successful functioning of enterprises and the effectiveness of state support measures for industrial production.

ЦИФРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА – КАК НОВАЯ ПАРАДИГМА РАЗВИТИЯ АГРАРНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The author analyzes the innovative direction - the introduction of digital twins in the agricultural production of Russia. Over the past decade, digital twin technology has grown and adapted to various applications such as automotive manufacturing, healthcare, supply chain management, and even agriculture. In addition, using a digital twin for analysis, it is possible to simulate how changes in weather conditions will affect yields, where to save money and cause less damage to the ecosystem by reducing agricultural resources allows you to react before causing too much damage. Moreover, predictive modeling based on its past and current data will show with a high degree of probability where the problem will arise in the near future. The emergence of high-tech tools, such as GPS monitoring, drone flights, satellite and laser terrain surveys, and now digital twins – all this contributes to the truly innovative development of agriculture in the Russian Federation. Taking into account the possibilities of grain consumption by the target market countries for the export of Russian grain, the forecast of expansion of export potential in terms of grain production was calculated. Calculations were carried out on the basis of data on the financial and economic activities of 20 thousand Russian agricultural producers, recipients of state support measures. These producers produce 2/3 of the grain in the country. The introduction of digital twin technologies will make a huge contribution to improving the competitiveness of the Russian agro-industrial complex. At the same time, the implementation of digital twin technologies in practice requires significant investments in the industry, since modern equipment, software and personnel training are needed.

Статистико-экономический анализ состояния и развития овцеводства и козоводства в крестьянских (фермерских ) хозяйствах Российской Федерации

The article establishes a positive trend in the dynamics sheep and goat population in peasant (farmer) households from 1990 to 2022, in contrast to agricultural organizations and household farms, which led to structural shifts in farm categories. In 2000, the share of sheep and goats in peasant (farmer) households accounted for only 6% of the total livestock in all categories of farms, but by 2022, it reached 40%, with the total number of sheep and goats in the Russian Federation increasing from 15 to 21 million during this period. The article presents a methodology for analyzing the state and development of sheep and goat farming in the Russian Federation, focusing on peasant (farmer) households. To analyze the dynamics of the sheep and goat population in peasant (farmer) households, sub-periods were identified and piecewise-linear functions were used to align the data. The highest slope (average annual absolute growth) was observed from 2000 to 2008, with an increase of 753 thousand head per year. From 2009 to 2016, it decreased to 468 thousand head per year, and the last period (2017–2022) is characterized by a declining trend, with an average annual decrease of 156 thousand head. The proposed approach to factor-based analytical grouping based on sheep and goat population data from Form № 1-KFH, provided by peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs receiving subsidies from the federal budget or regional budgets of the Russian Federation. The methodology was tested on a sample of almost three thousand households specializing in sheep and goat production. In contrast to publications on the data of All-Russian agricultural censuses and micro-censuses, the characterization of the identified groups is given by a system of performance indicators, as it is done in countries with developed economies in general and agriculture in particular. Based on the grouping, a positive correlation between the animal population and the overall production size and its efficiency was established, which can be used for developing targeted state support measures. The developed methodology can be used to analyze and forecast the development of the sheep and goat farming industry, taking into account the characteristics of small businesses in agriculture.

Продуктовые сегменты агропродовольственного рынка: единый подход или точечное государственное регулирование

The state policy of protectionism in the agri-food sector yielded ambiguous results, such as success in agriculture and achievement of food security thresholds on the one hand, and a sharp increase in food prices on the other. Sugar market has satisfied domestic demand and therefore needs either export expansion or production restriction. The article analyses the development dynamics of the sugar beet industry and sugar consumer market in 2000-2021. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of existing state support measures in the sugar market, considering changes in import substitution. It is hypothesised that in case of saturation of the market with domestic products, the state should support consumers rather than producers. Statistical data analysis and simulation modelling were used as the main research methods. Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC) was chosen to indicate changes in state support. Domestic market volume under constant demand was assessed. Given that the average per capita sugar consumption remains at 39 kg/person, domestic consumption is 5.8 million tonnes. Considering current production volumes (7.6 million tonnes), the equilibrium price of sugar is estimated at 37 roubles/kg. Calculated NPC values show the dominance of market price transfers for sugar producers. Thus, it is necessary to switch to unrelated support measures for strengthening the effect of market mechanisms. The results can be adapted to develop specific agricultural policy instruments. Future research may conduct deeper structural analysis of selected segments of food markets in order to identify regional and corporate characteristics of participant interaction and adjustment of state regulation measures.

Formation of the Pre-Pensioner Segment in the Labor Market: Financial and Management Aspects

The article considers the results of the implementation of the pension reform in Russia in 2018, reflected in changes in labor market indicators according to Rosstat. The purpose of the study is to develop a scientific understanding of the processes of formation of the pre-pensioner segment of the Russian labor market under the influence of its external and internal factors. The authors use methods of statistical, correlation, and regression analyses, the calculation of the average for a certain integral of functions, as well as the method of linear modeling of multiple regression. The study assesses the scientific elaboration of the research topic abroad and in Russia. The issues of financial literacy of the population are analyzed. The financing of the training of pre-retirees in the professional competencies that are currently in demand on the labor market and support for unemployed pre-retirees who are registered with the employment center are considered. The selection of relevant demographic data and a sample labor force survey by age group has been carried out. The total number of pre-pensioners in 2018–2020 has been calculated and their structure according to the status of labor activity in the Russian labor market has been identified. The general dynamic, structural, and gender characteristics of the economic activity of pre-pensioners in the labor market are analyzed. The demand for pre-retirees by type of economic activity in 2019 is assessed. The authors conclude that there is a tendency to reduce the share of the pre-pensioner segment in the labor market after reaching the project retirement age threshold from 10.88% to 9.76%. The employment rate in this group of the population will be 66%. The study has established that the demand for pre-pensioners by type of economic activity in the labor market is 1.13 times higher for women than for men. A methodical approach has been developed to analyze the results of assessing the demand for state support measures by pre-pensioners. The article analyzes the influence of financial and social measures of state support for pre-pensioners on increasing their labor activity and competitiveness in the labor market. The results of the study can be used by the authorities to substantiate the assessment of the effectiveness of financing the measures they take to provide social and economic support to pre-retirees.

Rational use of agricultural land in Kazakhstan

The purpose of the article is to consider the institutional foundations of the rational use of agricultural land in a multicultural economy. The formation of land use is faced with the acute problem of organizing a sustainable competitive land use, ensuring a high level of marketability of production and a sufficient level of profitability in conditions of the developing land market. This article discusses the rational use of agricultural land in a multicultural economy, taking into account structural and resource indicators. The efficiency of land use in farms with different land ownership depends on increasing labor productivity, strengthening the economic regime, increasing the intensification of production, using internal reserves and agricultural production opportunities, and, especially, rational use of land. The greatest efficiency of production and use of land has been achieved in large agricultural formations, where high-performance equipment is used, crop rotations are observed, and there is greater availability of credit resources, subsidies, and leasing.The monitoring data of the Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics for 1.01.2020 indicate that 93.7% of peasant and farm farms have a land area of up to 500 hectares. To the greatest extent, small-earth peasant farms have become widespread in the southern region, where the share in the total number of up to 50 hectares is 90.1%, while in the northern region only 8.1%, central - 3.9%, and western - 11.3%. In this regard, the tasks of preserving productive agricultural lands, and optimizing arable land and acreage in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of land become a priority. The solution to these tasks is connected with the improvement of technologies for maintaining and increasing the bio-productivity of agricultural lands, the development of technologies for rational land management, land use, and land protection, the creation of effective organizational and legal mechanisms for managing agricultural lands, as well as the development of state monitoring of agricultural lands. Optimization of land use in farms and agricultural enterprises of based on the proposed methodology, taking into account state support measures, will create a basis for a new stage in the development of land reform and will create incentives for the effective use of agricultural land.

Impact of the profile of public-private partnership projects on the economic potential of Central Asian countries

The object of this study were projects based on public-private partnership. The results of the state of public-private partnership projects in various sectors of the economy of the Central Asian countries and the assessment of the prospects for their development are presented. The study uses a comparative public-private partnership project and a forecast analysis of the economic performance of the economies of the Central Asian countries. A comparative analysis revealed the predominant areas of public-private partnership projects. The Republic of Kazakhstan is ahead of other Central Asian countries in the implementation of public-private partnership projects with a total cost of USD 2. 863 billion. There are 136 projects in the Republic of Uzbekistan, dominated by the sphere of housing and communal services (collection, removal, sorting, and processing of solid household waste) and the field of culture and sports. There are three agricultural projects in the Kyrgyz Republic. In the Republic of Tajikistan, 32 projects are being developed, mainly aimed at the development of transport infrastructure. Turkmenistan is implementing two projects related to transport infrastructure and manufacturing. Forecast analysis of economic indicators of countries makes it possible to identify the prerequisites for the use of market mechanisms to improve the agriculture of countries and the prospects for development from implementation for the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The most important task of the strategic development of countries with commodity economies is to increase food security. The creation of favorable conditions for the development of economic relations between the state and the private sector is inextricably linked with the need to provide state support measures and legal regulation

Правовой статус ученого в Российской Федерации: юридико-лингвистический аспект

In the article, the authors analyze the modern legal and linguistic structure of the legal status of a scientist, analyze it from the perspective of both scientific and practical-applied components. The problems of the implementation of the legal situation by scientists are identified due to the lack of a well-developed definitive basis, inconsistency of the provisions of federal and departmental legislation regarding certain substantive elements of the legal situation. The hypothesis is put forward that due to the lack of a legally fixed concept of a scientist, uniformity in the interpretation of his status, caused, among other things, by the use of such evaluative terms as “leading”, “outstanding”, etc. in his design, law enforcement defects arise, significantly and at the same time negatively affecting the effectiveness of implemented measures of state support for the scientific sector. Organizational and legal measures to strengthen the legal position of a scientist in the Russian Federation are proposed.

Implementing Investment Projects Aimed at the Development of Hydrogen Energy in the Russia

The problems of transformation of the energy sector and the transition to the development of hydrogen technologies in the world in connection with the signing of the Paris Agreement on climate change in 2015 are studied. The main state support measures in Russia aimed at maintaining the competitiveness of Russian enterprises in the field of investment projects for the implementation of hydrogen programs are characterized. Examples of projects in the field of hydrogen technologies with the participation of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, oil refineries, rolling stock manufacturers and state corporations are considered. An assessment is made of the legislative regulation in the field of “hydrogen” projects, as well as the prospects for the development of hydrogen energy in Russia.

Problems of ensuring the effectiveness of state support for agriculture in East Kazakhstan region

Today, the issues of ensuring the effectiveness of state support for agriculture are particularly important, since they directly affect the state of food security in the country. Various measures of state regulation are applied in Kazakhstan, but their volume is insufficient for the effective functioning of the industry. Active state support can provide sustainable socio-economic development and a high level of competitiveness of the agricultural sector. Taking into account the sharply continental climate of the East Kazakhstan region, which makes it difficult to conduct economic activities, the state support is especially important for the agrarian sector of the region. The article presents the analysis and evaluation of the level of state support of the agrarian sector of East-Kazakhstan region. The purpose of the scientific article is to identify the main problems in the implementation of state support and to determine the ways to solve them. The activity of regional agricultural management bodies and data of agricultural management reports of East-Kazakhstan oblast are considered as an object of research. The analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of state support measures of the agricultural sector on the basis of the evaluation of target indicators of the implementation of the State program of development of the agroindustrial complex of the region for 2017–2021 was carried out. As a result, the main problems and reasons preventing the increase of competitiveness of the agroindustrial complex of the East Kazakhstan region were revealed. Thus, in the sphere of state support of agriculture, inefficiency of some subsidies due to weak sensitivity; unbalanced system of subsidies, which creates advantages for large agricultural entities, which account for less than 30% of all agricultural products; overstated requirements for obtaining subsidies for small agricultural entities restrain the development of the industry; focus on financing the livestock sector; residual principle in implementing state support measures.

Fiscal issues of government policy for the investment protection and promotion

The subject. The institution of investing in the Russian Federation is determined by the set of economic and legal reformations. That is why discussions and debates about the necessity of creating of the investment code, unification of existing rules of investment activity regulation still exist. It is also necessary to form and systemise a kind of a common registry of state support measures and it is also necessary to control the provision of state support. Russian science studies legal regulation of state support of business subjects only in specific ways. Despite the plenty of works on the topic of legal regulation of activity of small and medium-sized businesses, this field of legislation is not developed enough to give an opportunity to conduct complex researches of theoretical and practical aspects relating to exclusively legal and financial framework of state support of the investment activity. In this article we detect and reveal general problems connected to introducing of tax frameworks of state support of promotion of investments in the conditions of existing Russian legislation. In the context of this article we show the analysis of novelties related to egal regulation of tax instrument of state support of investments. Theoretical importance of this article lies in suggestions on improving of this field of national legislation.This research is aimed at theoretical realising of legal regulations of current measures on performing of tax policy while implementing Act on investments.The methodology. The basic method of research of mentioned problems is a formal legal one. There are some problems in the process of investing based on the Agreement on protection and promotion of investment. With the help of this method these problems were examined taking into consideration the implementing tax policy in this field of entrepreneurship.The main results. Several legal problems are revealed and specified in this article. Authors prove their own point of view which consists of idea of detailed theoretical elaboration of the problematics in order to implement a framework of Agreement on protection and promotion of investment successfully, given that it is necessary to enact the list of bylaws by the Government of the Russian Federation and to create an impeccable software.Conclusions. Authors suggest measures for improving of legal regulations of current investment legislation and tax and fees legislations. It is crucial to point out that such issues as a procedure of entering into agreements (including the procedure of holding a tender within public project initiative) and common requirements to them; standard form of an agreement; the procedure of monitoring of realisation stages of an investment project (in relation to which the Agreement on protection and promotion of investment was signed); the procedure of keeping of a register of such Agreements; the procedure of the identifying of the level of the compensation of spendings needed for the project’s realisation and as well as spendings on payments of credits and loans’ interests, coupon payments from the bonded loan and etc. From the point of view of the legal regulation’s systematisation the complex law institution has been formed, and it contains principles and rules of both public and private law. The complexity of legal relationship, appearing in the process of investing, requires to take into account public and private interests, and moreover it conditions the necessity of intersectoral legal regulation. Combining diverse legal means provided for in the context of legal regulation of budgetary and tax relationships public legal entities in order to achieve a maximum effect can provide the stimulation of growth of investment which is able to become a booster for economic growth of the state.

On the use of evidential policy instruments in the sphere of public administration

The article presents an analytical review of modern principles and methods of evidence-based policy, as well as approaches to its implementation, taking into account Russian and foreign experience in order to audit the effectiveness of existing measures of state support for domestic industrial enterprises. The author argues for the relevance and significance of the research topic. A brief description of the current situation of the sectors of the Russian industry is given, the vector of measures of state support for industrial enterprises at the current stage is being specified. It is hypothesized that in the context of reorienting the model of assessment (audit) of their effectiveness to the "rails" of the proof paradigm, it is possible to develop target directions for stabilization and adaptation of the domestic industry sector to a new economic reality. To prove this hypothesis, an analysis of modern principles and methods of evidence-based policy is carried out, its relevance is specified based on domestic and foreign experience in its application to achieve this goal.

Current status and prospects for the development of the retailing sector of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra

Subject. This article analyzes the potential for the development of small and medium-sized businesses and discusses the issues of diversification of the economy of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the role of retail trade in the development of the consumer sector of the economy of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis. Results. The article presents worst-case and priority scenarios for the development of the retail trade system of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra and offers a mix of State and municipal support measures for the consumer sector. Conclusions. The retail sector can become an economic growth area of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, if adequate measures of State and municipal support are implemented, including through multiplicative effects.

Current security threats in the telecommunications industry and possible countermeasures

Subject. This article discusses the issues of development of telecommunication technologies in Russia in the context of sanctions. Objectives. The article aims to identify and assess the threats to the security of the telecommunications industry of the Russian economy associated with foreign economic restrictions, and propose possible measures to neutralize them. Methods. For the study, we used the systems approach. Results. The article systematizes the challenges to the largest Russian telecommunications companies and presents certain proposals of economic, financial and legal character to prevent possible damage to the industry. Conclusions. The Russian telecommunications infrastructure is a fundamental element that ensures the functioning and interaction of all sectors of the economy. It is necessary to take timely and sufficient measures of State support for the telecommunications industry.

State support of the agro-industrial complex as a way to implement the policy of import substitution and development of foreign economic activities

The topic of state support for the agro-industrial complex is especially relevant in the face of sanctions pressure and destabilization of the domestic economy. The purpose of writing this paper is to identify measures of state support for the agro-industrial complex as part of the implementation of the strategy of import substitution and the development of foreign economic activity of domestic companies. The author analyzes the theoretical foundations of import substitution and foreign economic activity as categories of scientific analysis, reveals the specifics of the concepts under consideration and the current conditions for the implementation of state support for the agro-industrial complex. On the basis of the analysis, the author identified the directions of the state implementation of measures that regulate foreign economic activity. The principles and legal frameworks of administration and control of the foreign economic activity of domestic companies are studied, it is revealed that at the present stage the volume of agricultural products stocks is sufficient to implement the import substitution strategy and ensure the development of foreign economic activity. It is important to note that when considering the dynamics of grain production in the period from 2017 to 2021, the author revealed that Russia in the 2020/21 agricultural year remains the largest exporter of wheat, while experts argue that the upward trend will continue in the medium term. To implement the import substitution strategy and develop the foreign economic activity of domestic companies, it is necessary not only to provide them with support from the state, but also to implement a policy aimed at improving the quality of domestic products — this will not only increase the competitiveness of domestic companies, but also improve their foreign economic activity. In conclusion, the author formulates conclusions regarding the foreign economic activity of domestic companies in the segment of agro-industrial production on the example of the export of fish products.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STATE SUPPORT MEASURES AIMED AT OVERCOMING THE PERSONNEL SHORTAGE IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY GENERAL EDUCATION IN THE ROSTOV REGION)

The article is devoted to the study of the problems arising in the analysis of personnel policy in the organizations of the socio-budgetary sphere of Rostov region related to the shortage of qualified personnel. The reasons for the shortage of personnel in the public sector are revealed on the basis of the key sphere of the state – education. The assessments and conclusions contained in the article confirm the need to develop comprehensive measures of state support in order to develop an effective and efficient personnel policy for the Rostov region in the social and budgetary sphere.