State Support For Activities Research Articles

USE OF QUANTUM MODELS IN THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INNOVATIONS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The article analyzes the main aspects of the application of quantum models for the analysis of relationships between innovations and economic growth, which are a promising direction in economic science. The influence of trends and challenges of globalization and accelerated technological innovations, which play a key role in realizing competitive advantages and increasing productivity, is determined; in promoting the sustainable development of the economy. The author defines the dynamics of innovation processes, which causes the need for new approaches, such as the principles of quantum modeling, defines the content of quantum models in global business. In particular, the principles that allow for more accurate modeling of uncertainty and non-linear processes characteristic of innovative activity are considered. The author pays special attention to the use of quantum models for accurate forecasting and planning of economic development, development of effective strategies for scientific research and state policy in the field of innovation. The recommendations are aimed at carrying out a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the impact of quantum technologies on economic indicators of employment, indicators of investment activity and international trade. In further scientific developments, it is expected to improve the comparative analysis of classical and quantum economic models for determining effective approaches to innovation management. A promising direction of scientific research is the development of a methodical tool for optimizing investments in research and R&D to improve the mechanisms of state support for innovative activities. Emphasis is placed on the fact that research results will contribute to the creation of a new generation of economic strategies based on the principles of quantum economics, and will open up new horizons for the growth and development of the world market.

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СИНЕРГИИ ЧЕРЕЗ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННУЮ ПОДДЕРЖКУ ТРАДИЦИОННЫХ ВИДОВ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ САХА (ЯКУТИЯ)

The article examines the current issues of the need for state support for traditional agricultural activities in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), such as keeping aboriginal cattle, fishing and fur trade. In the harsh climate and remoteness of the region, these activities are key to ensuring food security, preserving cultural heritage and sustainable development of local communities. Particular attention is paid to aboriginal cattle, such as the Yakut horse and Yakut reindeer, which are not only important sources of food and income for the local population, but also play a key role in preserving the ecosystem. The study emphasizes the importance of targeted government support measures for the preservation and development of these traditional industries. Existing support mechanisms are analyzed and new approaches are proposed aimed at strengthening economic stability and improving the quality of life of rural residents.

МОЖЛИВОСТІ ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЇ СВІТОВОГО ДОСВІДУ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ НА РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ РІВНІ

The article analyzes various approaches, ways, forms and methods of state support for investment activities used in global practice. At the same time, the generalization of the relevant experience was carried out in two directions: general approaches and practices regarding the activation and efficiency of investment activities, in particular in the conditions of the crisis state of the economy, its insufficient investment attractiveness and instability; a specific toolkit used in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction of the national economy. The purpose of the study was to generalize the world experience of implementing state investment policy mechanisms and to identify opportunities for their implementation in Ukraine at the regional level. The leading provisions of the world experience regarding the formation and implementation of regional investment policy are defined, in particular in the aspects of the goal and objectives of the regional investment policy, its mechanisms and the expected results of their implementation, the system of tools for supporting and developing investment activity. The main quality and efficiency criteria of the regional investment policy are identified, namely the volume and specific characteristics of investments, as well as the rationality of their structure, financing and use. At the same time, two conditions should be considered basic: transparency of the competitive environment and state control over strategic enterprises, types of economic activity, and sectors. It has been established that a sufficiently extensive toolkit of regional investment policy has been developed through world experience. In particular, effective tools of regional investment policy in conditions of critical instability are: insurance of military risks, their diversification; using the possibilities of concession agreements; private-public investment in defense industry and industries / sectors of critical infrastructure; support of innovative technological startups in the spheres of security, the real sector of the economy, infrastructure; stimulation of investments in the field of preservation of human potential; support for investments in business projects of demobilized people, war veterans, etc. participants in hostilities; stimulating investments in the development of export potential to preserve the country’s financial security.

Региональная система поддержки малого предпринимательства в Приморском крае

The purpose of the article is to reveal the regional system of supporting the development of small businesses in the Primorsky Territory. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set and solved in the article: the place and the role of small business in the modern economy have been characterized; the criteria for classifying business entities as small businesses have been identified in accordance with the current legislation; specific features of the development of Russian small business have been identified; the leading place of the Primorsky Territory among the regions of the Far-Eastern Federal District in the development of small businesses has been shown; the problems of small business development in the region have been substantiated. The author of the article reveals the system of measures used in the Primorsky Territory to support small businesses. In conclusion, it has been proved that the region has a comprehensive system of institutions for state support of entrepreneurial activity.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ИНИЦИАТИВ СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РЕГИОНА

At the current stage of economic development, investment activity cannot do without support from the state, since scientific developments and their production require huge investments. Only the state is capable of providing significant financial support in the implementation and development of the innovation process. State investment policy consists of measures that create favorable conditions for the effective development of innovation activities and living conditions of the population. The need for government intervention in innovation processes is determined not only by the long research and production cycle, high costs, but also by the uncertainty of the final result. Today, there are factors that hinder the development of innovation, one of which is insufficient motivation on the part of the state and companies in the development of innovation. We have examined the main measures of government influence on the innovative development of the modern Russian economy, contributing to the development of the innovation process, increasing the competitiveness of products, and generating additional income. Methods of state support for innovation activities in the Russian Federation have been studied. Only close interaction between the state and private entrepreneurship makes it possible to implement an innovation policy strategy.

Legal Security of State Support of Innovative Activities

Legal Security of State Support of Innovative Activities

State support of entrepreneurial activity in modern conditions

The article examines the peculiarities of state of war has the greatest impact on the ability of enterprises to develop and, in general, to remain competitive and profitable.The importance of state support has been proven by many factors, as entrepreneurs have received new challenges facing a large number of problems, in particular: the lack of a sufficient number of solvent customers in the domestic market, the unpredictability of the development of the situation in Ukraine; lack of sufficient capital; unavailability of credit funds; disruption of supply chains; inefficient, long and expensive logistics; personnel problems and others. At the same time, the impossibility of long-term planning by entrepreneurs is negative. The purpose of the article. Study of directions and instruments of state support for business entities, and their influence on the adoption of anti-crisis measures in the activities of entrepreneurs in modern conditions. The methods used in the research process: the work uses the method of analysis, generalization, and deduction. Results of the work: The main tasks and directions of state support of business entities in modern conditions have been established. The main problems of their development during the period of martial law are analyzed.

Versorgung mit kritischen Rohstoffen: Für eine nachhaltige europäische Strategie

Following the triumph of post-fossil technologies, the demand for critical raw materials in the form of rare metals will increase dramatically in the coming years. From the perspective of Europe, dependence on these raw materials poses a host of new risks. The European Union (EU) is under pressure to respond to this challenge with a coherent strategy. This article identifies areas for European action and assesses their strategic potential. Measures to diversify procurement sources and promote raw material recycling are indispensable. Building up reserves of raw materials can be a sensible complementary option for the short term. In contrast, massive state support for domestic mining activities would be associated with high risks and the danger of despecialization.

FEATURES OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW IN UKRAINE

The article examines the current state, needs and main trends of the development of the Ukrainian business sector during the full-scale Russian military aggression against Ukraine. It was determined that the current economic situation is extremely difficult, because a significant number of entrepreneurs suspended their activities at the beginning of the war, and most of them, almost a year after the introduction of martial law in the country, have not yet fully resumed work. It has been clarified what problems and contradictions Ukrainian entrepreneurs face since the beginning of the russian military aggression against Ukraine in the conditions when the war forced many entrepreneurs to make quick and difficult decisions regarding the functioning of their own business, namely: outflow (loss) of personnel; a significant change in the structure of supply and demand (production); loss of supply and sales markets; destruction of economic structuring due to disruption of chains of added value creation and logistical problems. The importance and necessity of state support of entrepreneurial activity in the conditions of war in the country is emphasized, as a necessary source of income for budgets of all levels and an important component of countering the aggressor and achieving victory. The peculiarities of state support for entrepreneurial activity in the conditions of the introduced martial law in Ukraine are characterized. The directions of state regulation of business activity in the conditions of the introduced martial law in Ukraine are proposed. Features of entrepreneurial activity and prospects for its development in short-term and medium-term dynamics are determined. It has been proven that the deregulation of business activity will contribute to ensuring the necessary level of economic security of our country in the conditions of martial law and will bring closer the victory of Ukraine in the war with the aggressor.

Государственная поддержка развития инновационного потенциала бизнеса

The article presents an analysis of various approaches to the assessment of innovative potential in relation to the targets of state support for the development of innovations, including the possibilities of public-private partnership. It was revealed that most of the existing approaches do not take into account the need to influence business structures differently depending on what level of innovative potential they have and how effectively this potential is used. At the same time, the significance of the proposed innovations in the current conditions of sanctions and restrictions is not taken into account. The article presents methodological approaches to differentiation of the assessment of innovative potential and the level of its use, and rethinking on the basis of this logical scheme for choosing areas of state support for innovative activities of entrepreneurial structures.

ФІНАНСОВО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ПОЛІТИКА РЕГІОНІВ І СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ МАРКЕТ-ОРІЄНТОВАНОГО ТИПУ В УМОВАХ ПІСЛЯВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article analyzes the evolution of state and financial support for investment activities in Ukraine, in particular in the part of the adoption of the Laws of Ukraine in 1999–2001, which regulate the special regime of innovative activity of technological parks, the activities of a number of special economic zones, the special regime of investment activities in the territory of priority development in a number of regions and cities. It is shown that the legal structure of the territory of priority development lost its force in connection with the adoption in 2022 of the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Basics of the State Regional Policy and the Policy of Restoration of Regions and Territories" that suffered as a result of armed aggression against of Ukraine. The forms of implementation of the regional development strategy through the adoption of the investment program and investment project, as well as the financing mechanisms of the state regional policy, have been systematized. It is shown that the procedure for planning the recovery of regions and territories affected by the armed aggression of the Russian Federation is determined by the Law of Ukraine "On the Basics of State Regional Policy". Projects of the Plan for the recovery of Ukraine from various areas of activity are prepared by the National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the Consequences of the War. Summarized the content of the programs under the project of the plan for the construction, urban planning, modernization of cities and regions of Ukraine: "Restoration and sustainable development of regions", "Restoration of critical infrastructure facilities in the de-occupied territories", "Restoration of economic activity in regions and territorial communities (except the territories of management hostilities and temporarily occupied)", "Stimulation of the development of regional poles of growth", "New Ukrainian village", "Development of border areas in unfavorable conditions", "Development of the macro-region of the Ukrainian Carpathians", "Program fair transformation of monofunctional cities of Ukraine (including coal-fired cities)", "Ensuring the development of industrial parks in Ukraine", "Implementation of public-private partnership projects at the regional and local levels", "Development of the potential of the Azov-Black Sea macro-region". The comprehensive implementation of the mentioned programs will allow to reduce the risks of the functioning of the economy in the conditions of martial law, to ensure its recovery in the post-war period based on the state and prospects of the marketing environment, to maintain social standards and the safety of life of Ukrainians.

ДЕРЖАВНА ПІДТРИМКА ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СУБ'ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The Russian invasion led to the adoption of extraordinary decisions aimed at stabilizing economic processes in the country. In particular, the introduction of martial law created the need to intensify state support for economic activities in all sectors of the economy, but of particular importance are those that are focused on defense, food, energy security and others aimed at restoring infrastructure.. The analysis of innovative decisions introduced by the Ukrainian authorities in order to maximize the support of existing business entities for the continuation of economic activity, as well as the provision of simplified, adaptive procedures for starting economic activity, is carried out. According to the analysis of the proposed solutions, it is possible to characterize them, which were organizational (non-financial) and financial in nature, as well as determine the stages that Ukraine has already passed and should go through on the path of economic recovery. The study of the experience of state support for economic entities in the conditions of military operations of the Israeli state was important.. The new economic policy of the postwar period is characterized by the creation by the state power of acceptable conditions for economic activity, with the introduction of maximum state support. Now we have the opportunity to determine the transition in the system of state support from the crisis decisions that were necessary at the beginning of a full-scale invasion to another stage of legal regulation, which marks the introduction of measures that should help Ukrainian business entities to become competitive in the domestic and foreign markets in the conditions of prolonged hostilities. It is also important to develop instruments of state regulation of economic activity with the help of which not only stabilization of the economy in the conditions of hostilities is achieved, but also on its development and post-war revival. Keywords: state economic policy, state regulation, instruments of state regulation, economic activity, martial law.

State Support of Entrepreneurial Activity During the War in Ukraine

Ukrainian business found itself in an extremely difficult situation, as the full-scale invasion of Russia is causing severe consequences for the business sector, which has not actually recovered from the quarantine restrictions associated with the pandemic. At the same time, in modern realities, the work of entrepreneurs in all spheres of life is more important than ever for the state. The article analyzes the structural changes that took place in the sphere of medium and small business. The expediency of strengthening the role of the state in the system of regulation and stimulation of business development was proven. Analytical data reflecting the state and structure of the economy sector represented by small and medium-sized businesses were studied. So, the following series of trends were revealed. Relocation is possible and not typical for all types of economic activity, according to the principle of expediency of transportation, enterprises can be distinguished: those that have moved, those that work in a hybrid mode, and those that have remained in the primary place of activity. During the war, most of the registered business entities are non-profit entities (charitable foundations, public organizations). The following areas of state support for business entities were singled out: fiscal (cancellation and postponement of taxes), informational and organizational (organization, relocation support, liberalization of business activity inspections, payments for employment of internally displaced persons) and financial (provision of business loans at a rate of 0% and their repayment at the expense of the state; special attention in this context is paid to subjects of foreign economic activity). In addition, several grants from the state and international organizations have been offered to business representatives. So, it was determined that the state applies a whole set of measures aimed at maintaining economic stability in the state.

State Support for Activities of Siberian (East Siberian) Department of Imperial Russian Geographical Society in Second Half of 19th Century

Using the example of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (IRGS) and its Siberian Department (SD), the topical problem of interaction between public organizations and government in Russia in the pre-Soviet period is touched upon in the article. The idea is substantiated that public organizations, depending on the significance of the work performed, received legal support and material and financial assistance from the state. The internal and external political prerequisites for the establishment of SD IRGS, the participation of the department in the development of Eastern Siberia and the Far East are shown. The influence of the higher Siberian administration on the organization of scientific and expeditionary activities of the department is considered. It is noted that the annual state subsidy was the core of the budget of the IRGS and its branches. Data that demonstrate the ratio of funds received by SD IRGS from the state treasury and other sources are given. It is emphasized that the participation of the state in the material and financial support of the department was not limited to the granting of a subsidy: the opportunity to use free postage of parcels and written correspondence was given to SD IRGS. The central authorities and the highest Siberian administration allocated additional funds for scientific expeditions and trips of members of the department. Based on the information provided, it is concluded that the state thereby guaranteed the existence of society.

EXPORT OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS OF RUSSIA: NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS

The paper considers the export problem of the agro-industrial products of Russia. The research relevance lies in the competition conditions in the world food markets. The paper aims to study the impact of the development of exports of agricultural products on the stability of the Russian economy.
 Considering the strengthening of the position of agricultural products export in the structure of Russian exports, the paper aims to assess the problems and identify new opportunities for the development of agricultural products exports based on an analysis of its dynamics and structure.
 The authors applied the methods of economic-statistical analysis to identify patterns in the dynamics and structure of exports of agricultural products. During the research, the dynamics and structure of agricultural exports were analyzed. The authors also calculated the average export price for the enlarged product groups. They concluded that (1) the share of agricultural exports in the structure of Russian exports is growing and (2) that there is a need to increase its efficiency through government support measures. New opportunities for the export of agricultural products in the world market arise with (1) an increase of the competitiveness of products, (2) the development of new sales markets, (3) a stable position of exporters, (4) the efficient production of agricultural products by national producers.
 Currently, it is possible only if state support for export activities is combined with the initiatives of the agriculture entrepreneurs. The paper will be useful for regional and federal governments, the scientific community, and anyone interested in Russian export issues.

Legal support of budget investment: directions of improvement

The need to introduce modern financial instruments in the development of Ukraine’s economy requires the organization and legal support of various forms of investment activity. State support for investment activities is based on budget investments and is carried out on the basis of budget legislation, but the practice of budget investment shows inconsistencies and inconsistencies in terminology, forms and tools of legal regulation of investment activities. The Government of Ukraine has determined that strong investment activity in Ukraine requires consideration and implementation of modern regulations.
 It is emphasized that there is no concept of “investment budget” in the current legislation, inconsistencies in the legal mechanism of their implementation, as well as analysis of the economic situation in some countries with different levels of gross product. low-income countries, the efficient use of public investment is problematic. It is established that budget investments have a special financial and legal nature, are regulated by financial and legal norms and a definition is provided. The features of budget investments as a powerful tool of state regulation of investment activities are identified and it is determined that the efficiency of investment depends on the economic justification of budget investment and legal support.
 It is proved that the improvement of public investment activity is possible through the use of modern financial instruments, including budget investment, which is implemented by allocating funds accumulated in budgets for specific purposes. It is noted that the effectiveness of budget investment depends on a clear targeting of budget funds, their sufficient volume, the procedure established by law and the powers of investment entities. It is determined that the introduction of budget investment requires amendments to the Budget Code of Ukraine, in particular Art. 2 “Definition of basic terms”. It is proposed to involve local governments and the public in investment activities. The author’s definition of «budget Investment» is offered.

ENVIRONMENTAL INSURANCE AS A WAY TO MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL-LEGAL RISKS IN THE ARCTIC

The purpose of the study is to analyze the most promising and effective way to minimize environmental and environmental-legal risks in the Arctic climatic conditions. Special attention is paid to the Institute of Environmental Insurance in the light of the development and adoption of the Fundamentals of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period up to 2035. It is noted that environmental insurance is not only a guarantee of satisfying the interests of individuals and legal entities in the event of certain insured events, but also one of the preventive ways of environmental protection. Attention is paid to the need to develop public-private partnership in the process of developing infrastructure facilities in the Arctic zone of Russia. According to the author, within the framework of the adoption of the Federal Law "On State Support of Entrepreneurial Activity in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation", a voluntary form of environmental insurance, implying additional benefits to Arctic residents, becomes preferable.

Legal regulation of the state administration of the Arctic zone: from individual bodies to a single system

The subject of the study is the study of the legal status and scope of powers of the subjects of state administration of the Arctic zone, included and not included in Chapter II of Federal Law No. 193-FZ of 13.07.2020 "On State support of entrepreneurial activity in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation". The purpose of the study is to identify problematic aspects in the legal regulation of the public administration system of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, and the formation of proposals aimed at solving them, as well as the formation of a unified management system of the Arctic zone. Research methods: dialectical method of interrelation of phenomena, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, formal-legal, as well as comparative-legal and historical-legal methods. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that this issue has not previously been comprehensively studied by scientists in the field of administrative law, despite the fact that the issues of public administration of the Arctic zone have been one of the central ones for the whole of Russia for many years. Based on the results of the study, the author proposes a unified list of Arctic zone management entities forming its system, as well as specific measures to improve the Arctic zone management system by changing the powers of its individual subjects – the Public Council of the Arctic Zone, the Management Company and special commissions for the development of the Arctic and ensuring national security functioning under the authorities.

Implementation of National and Federal Projects for the Development of Russian Science: Statistical Analysis

The article presents the results of the author's study of the content of Russian science development programs and their implementation, which was carried out based on official statistics. The author emphasizes that the creation of the National Project «Science and Univer- sities» has become a logical development and an update of two national projects – «Science» and «Education» – that conformed with the objectives of the Presidential Executive Order on Russia’s national development goals through 2030. The paper describes the information and statistical support for the development and assessment of the implementation of state pro- grams for the development of Russian science. The author considers the lists of target indicators of the National Project «Science and Universities» and its four federal projects «Research Leadership», «Infrastructure», «Personnel», «Integration» generated and approved by the directives and orders of the Minobrnauki of Russia (Ministry of Education and Science of Russia) and Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service). Considerable attention is given to the international comparative analysis of the most significant indicators reflecting the status of science in the country, including the amount of investment in science, the assessment of the scale of state support for scientific activities in different countries, which is necessary for transferring the Russian economy to an innovative path of development. In this regard, the necessity of expanding and improving statistical observation is substantiated by conducting a range of additional thematic questionnaires and surveys of scientific and educational organizations engaged in research and development.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

Investment activity cannot do without the support of the state, since scientific developments and their production require huge investments. Only the state is able to provide significant financial assistance in the implementation and development of the innovation process. The need for government intervention in innovation processes is caused not only by a long scientific and production cycle, high costs, but also by the uncertainty of the final result. There are factors that hinder the development of innovation. One of them is the insufficient motivation of companies by the state to develop innovative activities. The article considers the main measures of the state's influence on the innovative development of the modern Russian economy, contributing to the development of the innovation process, increasing the competitiveness of products, and obtaining additional income. The ways of state support of innovation activity in the Russian Federation are studied. The conclusion is made: only close interaction of the state and private entrepreneurship makes it possible to implement the strategy of innovation policy.