State Service Of Ukraine Research Articles

NEW SPHERE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY KNOWLEDGE "ONE HEALTH": SCIENTIFIC ORIENTATION AND EDUCATIONAL CONTENT

The aim of the study. Based on the analysis of the sources of scientific information, scientific and methodical approaches of the "One Health" concept, justify and develop the "One Health" certificate program for training and continuous professional development of specialists in the field of public health in order to solve complex interdisciplinary problems in the health care field. Materials and methods. The methods of system approach and system analysis, bibliosemantic, historical method, comparative analysis and conceptual modelling were used. Research results and discussion. Taking into account world experience, the joint efforts of the leading scientific and pedagogical staff of the departments of the Bogomolets National Medical University, certificate program "One Health" was created for the training and re-training of public health specialists, which consists of 5 interrelated content modules: Zooanthroponous and transmissible infectious diseases: new, traditional, imported; Food safety and one health in the "human-animal-plant-environment" system; Contribution to changes in the one health by industrial activity and environmental pollution; Climate changes on planet Earth in the context of impact on one health; The problem of resistance to antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of humans and animals and its consequences. The new educational program is aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of the population (with the joint efforts of health care systems, veterinary medicine, the State Service of Ukraine On Food Safety And Consumer Protection (SSUFSCP), the phytosanitary service and the State Environmental inspectorate of Ukraine). Conclusions. Training under the certificate program will allow students to learn the concept of "One Health", to form an understanding of the cooperation of WHO, FAO, UNEP and WOAH in the context of "human-animal-plant-environment", aimed at the integration and practical implementation of "One Health" concept on a global, regional and national levels.

STUDY OF THE SARS-COV-2 GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION AMONG DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES

This article presents the results of an epidemiological analysis of the data of modern, mainly foreign, available information on the occurrence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 among various animal species. We used official data from the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection and official data from the World Animal Health Organization (OIE). An analysis of available information published by foreign and domestic scientists on cases of the disease and positive results of studies for COVID-19 among animals was also carried out. SARS-CoV-2 was the biggest global public health disaster since the 1918 influenza pandemic known as the "Spanish flu", creating an unprecedented threat to all of humanity, causing colossal damage to the global economy. Over the past two decades, coronavirus outbreaks have caused concern around the world, including cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) reported in China in 2003. And the outbreak in 2012 with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS, along with Ebola and influenza, are on the lists of infections with pandemic potential. Coronaviruses cause a wide variety of diseases in animals, and their ability to cause severe illness in livestock such as pigs, cows, chickens, dogs, and cats led to significant research on these viruses in the last half of the twentieth century. A wide range of mammalian species have demonstrated susceptibility through experimental contamination and in vivo through close contact with infected humans and other infected animals. But there have been cases in which people can transmit SARS-CoV-2 to animals, especially during close contact. Such cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals have been documented around the world. Most of these animals became infected after coming into contact with people with COVID-19, including owners, caretakers, or others who were in close contact.

On the issue of consumers’ rights protection in Ukraine during the period of military situation

In this article, the authors analyzes the current practical condition of consumer rights protection in Ukraine during the period of military situation, вecause one of the peculiarities of consumer relations is that they are inherent in any period of society’s existence, despite the influence of external factors of its development. The purpose of the article proposed for scientific comprehension is to analyze the current practical status of consumer rights protection during military situation in Ukraine. In order to obtain reliable results reflecting the real status of affairs regarding the peculiarities of consumer protection in Ukraine during military situation, it is advisable to use a number of methods, namely: specific sociological method to reflect the practical situation of consumer rights protection, statistical method to analyze the available practical data, formal legal method to clarify the legislative provisions on the issue in question, and synthesis method, which provided a comprehensive view of the specifics of the current legal status of consumer rights protection in Ukraine. It is emphasized that despite the special period, consumers have the same rights and obligations as in peacetime. Due to the introduction of restrictive legislation after February 24, 2022, the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection is partially deprived of its direct functional responsibilities, but provides advice on alternative ways to protect consumer rights, where the main actors are the courts, the National Bank of Ukraine, the State Tax Service, and the Commissioner for the Protection of the State Language. It is also emphasized that, given the actual circumstances, the use of alternative ways to resolve the issue of protection and compensation is not always possible due to various obstacles (lack of communication with the business entity, inability to establish its actual address, improper examination, etc.). It also provides statistical data (850 requests have been processed) on the number of requests for public information in the area of consumer protection. The largest number of requests for public information were relate to ecology and environmental pollution, food safety and veterinary medicine, and providing copies of documents on food safety and veterinary medicine. At the end of the scientific article, the authors presented the relevant conclusions about practical condition of consumer rights protection in Ukraine during the period of military situation. Key words: consumer, protection of consumer rights, military situation, state supervision, control, alternative ways of issues solving, State Production and Consumer Service, statistical data, factors of complexity of protection.

The effect of military activities on the epizootic situation of ASF in the Sumy region

Using publicly available information from the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection on the cases of African swine fever in Ukraine, the epidemiological situation regarding ASF in the Sumy region was analyzed, taking into account the consequences of military activities. When considering the ways of spreading the virus, the impact of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation on the main risk factors for the spread of the disease was revealed. In our opinion, wild boars, the number of which has increased by 19.3 % in the region over the past year and which is not regulated by hunters due to the hunting ban, remain a particularly dangerous way of spreading the virus. Hostilities, shelling and the movement of military equipment through the ASF-affected regions directly affect the migration processes of disturbed wildlife, which can quickly spread the virus over long distances, spread it within the population and transmit it to the domestic livestock. An important anthropogenic factor in the spread of the disease is the chaotic contamination of military base areas with unprocessed food residues that may contain a viable virus and, together with other fomites, contaminate the environment. Therefore, state anti-epizootic measures and methods of monitoring infectious diseases should be updated to reflect the realities of today. To control the circulation of the ASF virus among wildlife in the Sumy region under the conditions of a ban on monitoring culling, 25 samples of swabs, feed residues and feces from the feeding grounds of three forestries were studied using Real-Time PCR. In 100 % of the samples, no African swine fever virus DNA was detected, which means a negative result. However, the probable absence of the disease within the studied forestries did not prevent the region from having three outbreaks of ASF among domestic animals during 2022, which is a significant deterioration in the epizootic situation compared to the positive case-free year of 2021. Thus, the epidemiological situation regarding African swine fever in the Sumy region remains unfavorable and requires significant attention due to a number of factors that are dangerous and atypical for peacetime and may significantly affect the spread of numerous infectious diseases.

Epizootic monitoring of contagious diseases of bees in Rivne region for the period of 2018–2022

The important role of honey bees has been known for a long time, as the successful work of Apis mellifera helps to maintain natural biogeocenoses and provides humanity with food and medicinal production. The massive loss of honeybee colonies in the southern and eastern border regions of Ukraine is putting a strain on beekeeping production in the north-western regions of Ukraine. To intensify apiaries, there is a need for systematic and regular monitoring research. Epizootic monitoring provides data on the health of honey bees in a specific geographical region that can be scientifically substantiated. To analyse the epizootic situation with contagious bee diseases in the Rivne region in 2017–2022, we used official data from the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection in the Rivne region. In addition to epizootic monitoring, the aim of our study was to identify the most common bee diseases in this region. The analysis of the results shows that diagnostic tests for varroosis and nosema, acarapidosis, American and European foulbroods, and amoebiasis are planned and carried out systematically. From 2017 to 2021, the number of diagnostic tests for bacterial diseases of bees was increased. At the same time, in 2022, the activity of such research decreased by 6.4% in comparison to 2021. A different pattern was registered for parasitic diseases of bees. For example, there was an increase in the number of such studies from 2019 (1678 studies) to 2022 (3184 studies). It was found that the Rivne region has been safe from American and European foulbroods, acarapidosis, braulosis and amoebiasis for the last 6 years. Varoosis and nosema are registered annually in 2017–2022, with the infection rate for these diseases set at 11.06 % (2020) – 14.82 % (2022), respectively. This data is likely to indicate a change in the economic situation of beekeepers, which makes it impossible to prevent hives from being treated for certain diseases in a timely manner. Thus, the analysis of laboratory tests for contagious diseases of bees helps to detail the epizootic state of a particular region, which allows to determine the direction for veterinary and sanitary measures for a specific apiary.

Ministry of Health of Ukraine, State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection and agricultural products

Ministry of Health of Ukraine, State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection and agricultural products

REGULATION OF UKRAINE’S COMMODITY MARKETS IN CONDITIONS OF EMERGENCY AND MARTIAL LAW

The economy can function both under normal and extraordinary conditions, which include states of emergency and martial law. Emergency conditions arise from time to time and can be both relatively short and sufficiently long. The functioning of the economy in conditions of emergency and martial law can include overcoming the pandemic and repelling armed aggression. The functioning of the economy in conditions of emergency and martial law requires special methods of state regulation, including on commodity markets. The purpose of the article is to determine methodical approaches to the formation of regulatory policy on commodity markets under conditions of emergency and martial law. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: 1) to determine the peculiarities of the regulation of commodity markets in conditions of emergency and martial law; 2) assess the effectiveness of regulatory influence; and 3) substantiate recommendations for improvement of regulatory policy. Various methods of sampling and statistical processing of information were used during the research. Data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, and the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection were used for the analysis. Special attention was paid to the methods of price regulation and increasing supply in commodity markets of consumer goods. One of the main features of the functioning of the economy in conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law is the disruption of the usual supply chains of goods. There is a commodity shortage in the markets, which accelerates the growth of prices. Therefore, the main task of regulatory policy in commodity markets is to encourage supply and curb inflation. To this end, during 2020-2022, a set of measures was introduced: the procedure for starting a business was simplified, the tax burden was reduced, pricing was deregulated, exports were limited, barriers to imports were lowered, a declaration of intent to increase prices was introduced, price limits were established, etc. As a result of the conducted research, it was found: 1) high efficiency of influence on the price dynamics on the part of export restrictions and tax benefits; 2) low effectiveness of the declaration of the intention to increase the price; 3) relatively high efficiency of setting ceiling prices during a pandemic and low efficiency of this measure under martial law; 3) high expediency of introducing free prices on the markets of goods of significant social importance with high competition between suppliers; 4) great importance of the competition between suppliers to overcome shortages and price stability. In order to improve the regulatory policy in the conditions of emergency and martial law, the following recommendations have been substantiated: 1) canceling the price limits in highly competitive markets; 2) simplifying the procedure for declaring the intention to increase the price and strengthening control over its implementation; 3) creating strategic stocks of goods of significant social importance in the event of a state of emergency and war.

РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТОВАРНИХ РИНКІВ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ НАДЗВИЧАЙНОГО І ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The economy can function both under normal and extraordinary conditions, which include states of emergency and martial law. Emergency conditions arise from time to time and can be both relatively short and sufficiently long. The functioning of the economy in conditions of emergency and martial law can include overcoming the pandemic and repelling armed aggression. The functioning of the economy in conditions of emergency and martial law requires special methods of state regulation, including on commodity markets. The purpose of the article is to determine methodical approaches to the formation of regulatory policy on commodity markets under conditions of emergency and martial law. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: 1) to determine the peculiarities of the regulation of commodity markets in conditions of emergency and martial law; 2) assess the effectiveness of regulatory influence; and 3) substantiate recommendations for improvement of regulatory policy. Various methods of sampling and statistical processing of information were used during the research. Data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, and the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection were used for the analysis. Special attention was paid to the methods of price regulation and increasing supply in commodity markets of consumer goods. One of the main features of the functioning of the economy in conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law is the disruption of the usual supply chains of goods. There is a commodity shortage in the markets, which accelerates the growth of prices. Therefore, the main task of regulatory policy in commodity markets is to encourage supply and curb inflation. To this end, during 2020-2022, a set of measures was introduced: the procedure for starting a business was simplified, the tax burden was reduced, pricing was deregulated, exports were limited, barriers to imports were lowered, a declaration of intent to increase prices was introduced, price limits were established, etc. As a result of the conducted research, it was found: 1) high efficiency of influence on the price dynamics on the part of export restrictions and tax benefits; 2) low effectiveness of the declaration of the intention to increase the price; 3) relatively high efficiency of setting ceiling prices during a pandemic and low efficiency of this measure under martial law; 3) high expediency of introducing free prices on the markets of goods of significant social importance with high competition between suppliers; 4) great importance of the competition between suppliers to overcome shortages and price stability. In order to improve the regulatory policy in the conditions of emergency and martial law, the following recommendations have been substantiated: 1) canceling the price limits in highly competitive markets; 2) simplifying the procedure for declaring the intention to increase the price and strengthening control over its implementation; 3) creating strategic stocks of goods of significant social importance in the event of a state of emergency and war.

Territorial pattern between outbreaks of ASF among wild and domestic pigs in Ukraine

The article presents the results of the analysis of the epizootic situation in Ukraine regarding African swine fever among domestic and wild pigs from 2012 to 2020 and identifies the main sources of virus spread as well as weak links in the biological safety system of farms. When studying the statistical material of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection regarding animal morbidity, revealed a territorial pattern between the outbreaks of African swine fever among wild boars and domestic pigs of private farms and pig-breeding complexes, and proved the involvement of the European boar in the epizootic process as a natural reservoir and mobile focus of infection. Calculated the number of outbreaks of African swine fever among wild boars and domestic pigs within the same region and district, and studied the sequence of the emergence of foci on limited territories. Analyzed the natural focality of the disease, the probability of infection transmission to the domestic pig farm sector, and the role of infected objects in the spread of the virus among wild animal populations. From 2012 to 2020 inclusive, according to FAO statistics, 537 cases of African swine fever were recorded in Ukraine, 21.7 % of which were associated with wild boars. In 2017 and 2018, the role of the European wild boar in the epizootic process is best reflected, when 10.9 % (2017) and 20.4 % (2018) of outbreaks of African swine fever among domestic animals recorded in the same administrative districts, where during a year this desiase was detected among wild pigs. When analyzing statistical data of the recent years, the effectiveness of introducing more detailed monitoring of African swine fever among wild boars using modern laboratory methods and improving biosafety measures in the private sector and directly on hunting grounds has been proved. Further research is based on predicting the dynamics of the spread of African swine fever in Ukraine and the role of wild boar in this epizootic process. In addition, the role of wild boar in the spread of African swine fever in other countries and the most effective foreign methods of disease control and prevention will be analyzed.

Pest risk analysis of Meloidogyne luci for Ukraine

Goal. To analyze the phytosanitary risk of introduction, acclimatization, distribution and harmfulness of Meloidogyne luci for Ukraine.
 Methods. Pest risk analysis (PRA) was performed following the international standards ISPM 2, 11, 21; PM 5/2 (2) and the Ukrainian national protocol (Pylypenko et al., 2012). The conditions for acclimatization and further spread of nematodes were predicted using the Köppen-Geiger climate maps (Kottek et al. 2006). Data from EU national plant protection organizations and EPPO (EPPO Reporting Service 2016—2021; EPPO Alert List 2021), State Statistics Service of Ukraine (2016—2019), State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection, own research in previous years and literature sources were used for PRA.
 Results. The current distribution area of M. luci covers six countries in Central and South America, two in Asia and four in Europe, viz. Greece, Italy, Portugal and Slovenia. More than 36 species (agricultural, flower-ornamental, medicinal and others) can act as host plant of M. luci. The potential harmfulness of M. luci is based on 1) high level of fertility of females, 2) the ability to survive in adverse conditions and 3) the ability to overcome resistance in tomatoes which is based on the Mi-1 resistance gene. At least three possible introduction pathways of M. luci to Ukraine have been identified via the import of infected plants or plant products from the countries within the current geographical distribution area of M. luci, that increased from (2016—2019 some 2.4 times).
 Conclusions. Most of the imported plant products that could pose a risk for introduction of M. luci are coming from areas where it has been introduced recently, with low incidence and population densities. Therefore, the overall risk of introduction of M. luci into Ukraine is assessed as too low and it is recommended not to include M. luci in the Ukrainian national list of regulated pests.

Research of approaches to formation of legislation in the sphere of online retail selling (distance selling) of medicines

The aim of the study is to study approaches to the formation of legislation in the field of the online retail selling (distance selling) of medicines in the EU with further development of areas for improvement of phar-maceutical legislation of Ukraine. Materials and methods. During the research, scientific methods were used, in particular, system-analytical, content analysis, comparative legal, graphic, etc. Results. The main provisions of the EU Directives 2000/31/EU “On some legal aspects of information services, in particular, electronic commerce, in the internal market” (Directive on electronic commerce) and EU Directive 2001/83 EU “On the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use”, the Council of Europe Convention “On counterfeiting medical products and similar involving threats to public health”, Implementing Regulation of the EU Commission No. 699/2014 of June 24, 2014, as well as the Law of Ukraine “On Electronic Commerce”, “On medicines”, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) of March 23, 2020 No. 220, of November 30, 2016 No. 929 and others. Conclusions. The main directions of improving the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of the online retail selling of medicines are proposed. The necessity to supplement the Regulation “On the State Service of Ukraine for Medicines and Drug Control” (Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of November 30, 2016 No. 929) with certain norms has been substantiated. In particular, to impose on this state body the obligation to register business entities that plan to sell drugs using information and communication means, as well as maintain their Register

Problems of false medicines' distribution and prospects of combat: survey of specialists and consumers results

The aim: comparative analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of pharmaceutical and medical professionals and consumers, conducted by the authors during 2019-2021 to identify opinions on which there are coincidences and differences, as well as an assessment of the problem of drug counterfeiting in Ukraine to develop approaches to prevent their spread.
 Materials and methods. The study used scientific publications, as well as the results of a survey of specialists of the State Service of Ukraine for Medicines and Drug Control (State Medical Service) and its territorial bodies, pharmaceutical and medical professionals of health care institutions and consumers on the fight against drug falsification. The research was conducted using the methods of questionnaires, systematization and generalization.
 Results. According to the results of a comprehensive questionnaire during 2019-2021, it was found that the share of CM in the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market is estimated at 5 % by a majority of respondents on average 58.5 %, including 59.7 % of experts of the State Medical Service, 42.3 % of pharmacy specialists, 11.4 % by doctors and 73.5 % by consumers. Respondents' answers about the signs of drug falsification differ significantly, so most experts believe that this is a change in the usual signs (taste, smell, color), while pharmacy specialists - labelling in a foreign language, doctors - no therapeutic effect, for consumers it is a change in packaging design (labels) and a significantly lower price. The main sales channels of CM for experts and pharmacy specialists are e-commerce (68.7 % and 75.7 %, respectively), while the majority of consumers could not determine.
 Many experts and pharmacy specialists pointed to the need to introduce special security features of packaging in the form of 2d barcodes as the main method for protection and detection of CM (79.1 % and 39.6 %, respectively). Most of the surveyed pharmacy workers and consumers believe that the risk of purchasing counterfeit drugs is higher in the pharmacies of individual entrepreneurs or small pharmacy chains.The main problem that hinders the effective fight against drug counterfeiting was the imperfect legislation (68.7 %). Regarding effective tools in the fight against counterfeit drugs, experts called a significant strengthening of the powers of the regulatory body - following the example of the FDA (70.1 %).
 Conclusions. It is established that the most important priorities of the state policy for combating CM in Ukraine are the improvement of the system of state control and quality assurance of medicines, in particular 2d coding, as well as the need to strengthen the responsibility for drug falsification. The results of research on the problem of drug falsification indicate the feasibility of introducing a systematic survey for a wider range of respondents - professionals and consumers

Динаміка захворюваності на сальмонельоз в Україні в умовах пандемії COVID-19

Salmonellosis is a common disease in all countries. According to the WHO, Salmonella is one of the four causes of diarrheal diseases worldwide and 60-80% cases of these diseases are not registered because they have mild course of disease. The food route of transmission of this infection is the main factor in the spread of salmonellosis among the population. Carrying out preventive and control measures are important condition for preventing an increase in the number of cases of this disease, which is especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic. An integral part of prevention is predicting the prevalence of this disease using modern technologies and conducting a retrospective epidemiological analysis, which was used to analyze the incidence of salmonellosis in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The data of the Center for Public Health of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine were used as materials in the article. In Ukraine, the incidence rate of salmonellosis was 19.26 cases per 100 thousand population over the period from 2015 to 2019. After reducing the incidence in 2017 (an incidence rate of 17.4 per 100 thousand population), there was the growth of number of this disease cases in Ukraine in the next years. In 2019, the incidence rate of salmonellosis was 20.3 per 100 thousand population. In 2019, the proportion of cases among adults (population over 18 years old) exceeded the proportion of cases of salmonellosis among the child population. Analysis of the incidence rate of salmonellosis by regions of Ukraine showed that the highest rates were in Rivne, Volyn and Kharkiv regions – 37.17; 33.70 and 31.89 per 100 thousand of the population, respectively. In a comparative analysis of the incidence of salmonellosis for 9 months of 2019 and 9 months of 2020, it was found that since the introduction of quarantine restrictions, in April 2020, the number of cases of salmonellosis in Ukraine have doubled: for 9 months of 2019 3,235 cases (7.7 per 100 thousand of the population) were registered compared to 9 months of 2020, when 6,648 cases of salmonellosis were recorded (15.8 per 100 thousand of the population). Results and discussion. One of the reasons for the increase in morbidity is insufficient control over food items by public health services, the state service of Ukraine for food safety and consumer protection in connection with quarantine and other control measures against COVID-19. The results of a retrospective epidemiological analysis revealed an upward trend in cases of salmonellosis in Ukraine. Conclusion. Therefore, there is a need for continuous preventive and control measures to prevent the occurrence of cases of this disease in Ukraine by public health services, the state service of Ukraine for food safety and consumer protection, as well as the veterinary and sanitary service of Ukraine. These measures are especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic, which will help to avoid cross-infection of patients with salmonellosis and coronavirus disease, which can lead to very serious consequences

The state regulation of the economic activities in domestic pharmacy: regulatory aspect

In modern working conditions, a pharmacist has insufficient knowledge of regulatory documents regulating the activities of the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, there is a need to provide informational assistance to the pharmacist by systematizing the current legal documents.
 Aim. To scientifically generalize legal acts on the state regulation of the business entity in pharmacy in Ukraine.
 Materials and methods. Regulatory legal acts regulating the process of the state regulation of the activity of an economic entity in pharmacy in Ukraine, and such methods as content analysis, generalization were used.
 Results. As a result of the content-analysis it has been found that state supervision (control) of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine is performed by the following state structures: the State Service of Ukraine for Medicines (Drugs) and Drug Control, the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection, the State Fiscal Service, the State Labor Service of Ukraine, the State Emergencies Service of Ukraine.
 Conclusions. When conducting the content-analysis it has been found that the legal documents regulating the process of pharmaceutical care provision in Ukraine are the Laws of Ukraine “On licensing of the economic activities”, “On consumer protection”, “On labor protection”. A graphic model of the state regulation of the business entity’s activity in Ukraine has been also created.
 Key words: state regulation; business entity in pharmacy; regulatory legal acts; content-analysis.

ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-КОНФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ УКРАИНЫ

The article analyzes the evolution and structure of the institu- tional component of state-religious relations in modern Ukraine. The article shows the prerequisites for the formation of the Government Agency for Re - ligious Affairs in Ukraine, which are related to the specifics of the work of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. The article analyzes the features of the functioning of the Government Agency for Religious Affairs as a separate institution, as well as in the lower for- mat of a department in the structure of a specialized ministry. The article shows the dependence of the status of the Government Agency for Religious Affairs and its functional powers on the priorities in the sphere of religious policy of the Presidents of Ukraine and the stages of aggravation of inter-confessional contradictions. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the State Service of Ukraine for Ethnopolitics and Freedom of Conscience, formed in 2019. The article analyzes the goals, objectives, service and regulatory functions and pow- ers of that Service, and the prospects for its depoliticizing. It is concluded that the model of state-confessional relations in Ukraine is still not formed and is going through another stage of returning to the format of the existence of a specialized institution in charge of the religious sphere, which will not be free from the influence of political factors.

Виявлення фальсифікації меду домішкою натрію гідрокарбонату із застосуванням індикатора бромтимолового синього

A method for detecting honey falsification with sodium bicarbonate, added deliberately to reduce the mass fraction of water in honey, increase its density and consistency, eliminate signs of fermentation and reduce contamination by microorganisms, has been substantiated. The used indicator is bromothymol blue alcohol solution with a mass concentration of 0.01% in an amount of 2-3 drops. In the absence of sodium bicarbonate admixture in honey, the colour of the solution is olive; in case of the sodium bicarbonate addition up to 1.0% of the honey volume - it turns light blue; from 1.1 to 2.0% – sky blue; from 2.1 to 3.0% – dark blue. The proposed method is reliable, fast, easy to carry out, does not require a lot of cost for reagents and can be used in combination with other methods for determining the safety and quality of honey, as well as detecting its falsifications. The developed method can be used to detect honey falsification with sodium bicarbonate when determining its safety and quality in production laboratories at facilities for the production of honey and apiproducts, supermarkets, wholesale depots, stores, state laboratories of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection (SSUFSCP), in government laboratories, in laboratories at designated border inspection posts when carrying out simple laboratory tests using express methods, as well as during the forensic examination of honey. Based on the results of the developed author’s method, it is possible to obtain qualitative characteristics for assessing the honey safety and its quality. The possibility of using an express and effective control system within the framework of simple laboratory tests at designated border inspection posts will allow the implementation of an effective food control system at the stage of their state border verification. Establishing mismatches at the stage of border control and sending laboratory samples for extended laboratory studies (tests) to the state laboratory of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection, will strengthen the effectiveness of the control system at the stage of early detection of insecurity indicators and prevent the products release that do not meet safety and quality characteristics into circulation. The development of a methodological concept and the creation of a base of methods for detecting honey falsification will contribute to the distribution of safe and high-quality products for consumers, systematization of simple methods for food products study, including honey, in laboratories at designated border inspection posts, during the implementation of state control measures at the Ukrainian state border, will increase the reliability, objectivity and accuracy of the results of the examination, in case of carrying out.

A Statistical Study of the Forestry in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the analysis of the forestry in Ukraine as the reference point for further development of the framework for constructing the national forest account allowing for a description of interactions between economic activities and forests as a nature environment, and for consistent and comprehensive integration of environmental and economic problems in this field. The study covers the existing statistical definitions, classifications and the available statistical information about the forest, selected forestry indicators for Ukraine, the existing sources of data for the analysis of forestry, with proposing the necessary steps for further applications of forest accounting tools, in order to construct the forest account. 
 It is pointed out that the forestry is represented by two large groups of institutional units: physical persons or groups of physical persons in form of households; legal entities, established and operated in keeping with the law, irrespective of what persons or entities may be their owners or managers. The main categories of legal entities are corporations, non-commercial organizations, and public administration bodies. 
 It is determined that the main sources of data about the forest fund and forest resources of Ukraine are as follows: (i) statistical information based on the data from enterprises, obtained from official statistical observations of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine; (ii) administrative data based on the data from enterprises, obtained by public administration bodies (The State Service of Ukraine on Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre, the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine, the State Custom Service, the State Taxation Service) as part of functional responsibilities; (iii) the data of the national inventory of forests, obtained by the authorized bodies. The latest official data of the national forest inventory for Ukraine are available as of January 01, 2011, but these data have not been published yet in a proper manner. 
 It is demonstrated that the official statistics cover a limited set of statistical data about the forestry due to the institutional constraints. A dynamic and structural analysis of the forest lands is explored, with outlining the main problems related with improving methodological approaches to the formation of the forestry statistics. The analysis allowed for determining the main areas of improvements in the forestry accounting and coming up with propositions of necessary steps to solve the problems of statistical studies of this industry.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AND DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND CIVIL SAFETY OF TRANSBOUNDARY TRANSPORTATION OF OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS THROUGH PIPELINES

Transportation of oil and oil products through main pipelines is accompanied by the outpouring of these components into the environment, which creates risks of reducing the level of environmental safety and emergencies. The object of research is the factors and methods of environmental and civil safety management of cross-border transportation of oil and oil products through pipelines. Investigated problem is the analysis of environmental and civil safety management factors for cross-border transportation of oil and oil products through pipelines has been carried out and new technical and organizational solutions have been proposed to improve the level of management. The environmental safety of oil and gas facilities is defined as the state of environmentally safe functioning of oil and gas facilities and the absence of harmful environmental impact on these facilities. On the basis of the analysis of emergency situations on the linear part of the main oil pipelines, five main reasons leading to depressurization have been identified and ranked. The oil pipeline emergency is presented in a mathematical form. The analysis of depressurization of main oil pipelines in the world and in the Lviv region is carried out. The international normative legal acts regulating the management aspects of environmental and civil safety of cross-border transportation of oil and oil products are analyzed. Innovative products – in case of water pollution as a result of a catastrophic inflow of oil products, it is proposed to use a patented installation for modeling the process of pollution of running water and a method of physical modeling of the process of spreading pollution as a result of a single discharge of oil products into the river. In the case of soil contamination with oil products, it was proposed to use a patented installation for modeling the process of filtration of contaminated solutions through the soil or bottom sediments. The advantages of the proposed new technical solutions based on known analogues are shown. The area of practical use of the research results is the subdivisions of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine for Emergency Situations, NJSC Naftogaz of Ukraine, higher educational institutions, research institutes of oil and gas ecological profile.

CATTLE ECTOPARASITES AS A FACTOR IN THE TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

The article presents data on the establishment of the possibility of permanent ectoparasites of cattle to transmit pathogens of infectious diseases. Temporary and permanent ectoparasites are a constant threat in cattle farms. Permanent ectoparasites of ruminants can be carriers and reserves of pathogens of infectious diseases, both viral and bacterial etiology. They create additional risks and dangers that prevent the maximum realization of the genetic potential of productive animals. The work was performed during 2019-2020 on the basis of livestock farms of Sumy and Poltava regions, parasitological and bacteriological departments of the Sumy regional state laboratory of the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection. In the conditions of cattle farms, selective parasitological studies of animals for infection with ectoparasites were performed. Detected ectoparasites were placed in test tubes with 70 % ethyl alcohol, in order to further their species identification.
 To study the contamination of ectoparasites with microorganisms, they were made of saline in a ratio of 1:10. Then the resulting suspension was sown on nutrient media (dense and liquid) to isolate: Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter spp. and Staphylococcus spp. In the course of selective parasitological studies of cattle of different ages in the farms of Sumy and Poltava regions, we found different intensities of animal invasion by hair follicles Bovicola bovis. Pathogenic properties of microorganisms were established by bioassay on guinea pigs and white mice. Pathogenic properties of bacteria of the genus Listeria spp. checked by conjunctival and dermo-necrotic tests on guinea pigs. During the three days of observation, redness was noted at the site of intradermal injection, with a marked increase in local temperature. Conjunctival hyperemia and eye discharge have also been reported.
 To determine the pathogenicity of E. coli, white mice were infected intraperitoneally. The death of animals was recorded on the third day, indicating the pathogenicity of the isolated E. coli.
 In a series of microbiological studies, it was found that the hair follicles of Bovicola bovis are carriers of pathogenic coccal microflora: S. aureus, E. coli and bacteria of the genus Listeria spp.

Improvement of the approach to hazard identification and industrial risk management, taking into account the requirements of current legal and regulatory acts

Purpose: Improving the systematic approach to planning and rationalizing labour protection measures at oil and gas enterprises, based on the results of hazard identification and industrial risk assessment. At the same time, the main task of the risk management process is to ensure the rights of employees guaranteed by the current legislation, namely, to create proper, safe and healthy working conditions. Design/methodology/approach: A comparative legal method for identifying the features of European and Ukrainian legislation in the occupational safety and health field; a structural-logical method for determining the main directions for the further development of the occupational safety and health management system at enterprises; analysis and generalization of well-known scientific results on the research topic; statistical analysis to identify the relationship between the industrial risk' level and various factors that may affect its value; applied systems analysis and mathematical modelling method for new methodological approaches' development to assessing of hazards' likelihood and their consequences' severity were used. The basis for improving the systematic approach to planning and rationalizing labour protection measures is based on the standard IEC 61882:2001. The statistics are taken from the "Messages" information system, which operates in the State Service of Ukraine on Labour and is designed to collect and process data on occupational injuries. Findings: An analysis of the current legislative and regulatory acts showed promising directions for their improvement. A mathematical model for scoring industrial risk is proposed, which takes into account the relationship between industrial risk and preventive measures and the time of their implementation. The calculation system developed on the basis of the proposed model provided a reduction in the time for processing data and calculating the values of industrial risks by 20...25%. Research limitations/implications: Statistical data on industrial injuries at enterprises of the oil and gas industry of Ukraine for 2018-2019 were used. Practical implications: Implementation of the proposed systematic approach to the organization of occupational safety and health management at enterprises has shown its simplicity and effectiveness, which can induce employers to finance reasonable and timely preventive measures. Originality/value: The method has been improved by decreasing the discreteness step in the assessment of industrial risk components, which has increased its accuracy; by developing a mathematical model for calculating the probability of a hazard, taking into account the frequency with which workers are exposed to danger, which eliminates the need to involve experts for an expert assessment at this stage.