Abstract
The article presents the results of the analysis of the epizootic situation in Ukraine regarding African swine fever among domestic and wild pigs from 2012 to 2020 and identifies the main sources of virus spread as well as weak links in the biological safety system of farms. When studying the statistical material of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection regarding animal morbidity, revealed a territorial pattern between the outbreaks of African swine fever among wild boars and domestic pigs of private farms and pig-breeding complexes, and proved the involvement of the European boar in the epizootic process as a natural reservoir and mobile focus of infection. Calculated the number of outbreaks of African swine fever among wild boars and domestic pigs within the same region and district, and studied the sequence of the emergence of foci on limited territories. Analyzed the natural focality of the disease, the probability of infection transmission to the domestic pig farm sector, and the role of infected objects in the spread of the virus among wild animal populations. From 2012 to 2020 inclusive, according to FAO statistics, 537 cases of African swine fever were recorded in Ukraine, 21.7 % of which were associated with wild boars. In 2017 and 2018, the role of the European wild boar in the epizootic process is best reflected, when 10.9 % (2017) and 20.4 % (2018) of outbreaks of African swine fever among domestic animals recorded in the same administrative districts, where during a year this desiase was detected among wild pigs. When analyzing statistical data of the recent years, the effectiveness of introducing more detailed monitoring of African swine fever among wild boars using modern laboratory methods and improving biosafety measures in the private sector and directly on hunting grounds has been proved. Further research is based on predicting the dynamics of the spread of African swine fever in Ukraine and the role of wild boar in this epizootic process. In addition, the role of wild boar in the spread of African swine fever in other countries and the most effective foreign methods of disease control and prevention will be analyzed.
Highlights
From 2012 to 2020 inclusive, according to FAO statistics, 537 cases of African swine fever were recorded in Ukraine, 21.7 % of which were associated with wild boars
In 2017 and 2018, the role of the European wild boar in the epizootic process is best reflected, when 10.9 % (2017) and 20.4 % (2018) of outbreaks of African swine fever among domestic animals recorded in the same administrative districts, where during a year this desiase was detected among wild pigs
Further research is based on predicting the dynamics of the spread of African swine fever in Ukraine and the role of wild boar in this epizootic process
Summary
Наявність вірусу африканської чуми серед поголів’я диких свиней визначається шляхом дослідження лабораторними методами проб від знайдених туш загиблих кабанів і впольованих тварин. Статистичні дані спалахів АЧС на території України показують тісний взаємозв’язок між випадками захворювання серед диких кабанів і свійських свиней. За 2014 рік виявлено 16 випадків АЧС, 25 % з яких становили випадки інфікування свійських свиней, а 75 % – диких, що свідчить про ключову роль дикого кабана у занесенні та першоджерельному розповсюдженні африканської чуми по території України (Korniienko, 2014; Avramenko, 2016). Перехід захворювання до більш антропогенного циклу не виключає участь диких кабанів у розповсюдженні африканської чуми свиней серед поголів’я приватного сектору та навіть деяких господарств через їх міграційний потенціал, вільний вигул свійських тварин та людську недбалість (Sytiuk & Obrazhei, 2012). Мета дослідження – вивчення епізоотичної ситуації щодо АЧС та аналіз територіального взаємозв’язку між спалахами хвороби серед свійських свиней та диких кабанів на території України
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