State Reform Research Articles

Церковно-государственная политика Петра I

Aim. The purpose of this article is to show the complex and contradictory nature of the church and state reform of Peter I, which reflected the catastrophic time of Peter the Great’s shock modernization during the Northern War.Methodology. The article analyzes cardinal structural changes in the church and state relations during the period of Peter the Great’s reformations. While conducting the research, system analysis, problem-historical and comparative-typological methods, were applied, determined by the research topic.Results. The article provides well-grounded evidence of Peter the Great’s reconstruction of the transition from the Byzantine model of the “symphony” of spiritual and secular authorities as a centuriesold mechanism of state administration to Western European absolutism of government. The authors come to the conclusion that the authorities misunderstood the importance of strengthening the traditional non-forceful spiritual and religious bonds of the Russian statehood, which subsequently had an extremely negative impact on the fate of the Romanov empire. Author’s editions to the following concepts are introduced: “symphony” of priesthood and kingdom, church and state, as well as Western European absolutism.Research implications. The theoretical and/or practical significance of the article is determined by the importance of strengthening church-state relations as the fundamental basis of the spiritual and moral values of the thousand-year Russian history. The results of the authors’ research make a significant contribution to the historiography of the issues under consideration.

Can we all be Denmark? Re-evaluating the role of culture as a determinant of welfare state reforms

Can we all be Denmark? Re-evaluating the role of culture as a determinant of welfare state reforms

РУССКАЯ ДИПЛОМАТИЯ НА БАЛКАНАХ: МИССИИ Я.Н. ОЗЕРЕЦКОВСКОГО И Е.П. КОВАЛЕВСКОГО

The paper is devoted to the activities of Russian officers and envoys of the St. Petersburg government during the reign of Bishop Petar II PetrovićNjegoš in Montenegro. Their arrival in Cetinje at that time was of great importance not only for strengthening Montenegrin-Russian relations, but also for settling the internal and external situation in Montenegro. The appointment of Lieutenant Colonel JakovNikolajevichOzereckovski took place immediately after Njegoš’s second visit to the Russian capital. Ozereckovski’s tasks were to study the social and economic situation in Montenegro as comprehensively as possible, as well as to contribute to the state reforms of Petar II Njegoš. Based on his reports, the Russian government decided to send a new envoy to Montenegro, a young captain and mining engineer YegorPetrovichKovaljevski. Although he failed to find the alleged traces of gold in the river Zlatica, Kovaljevski nevertheless unexpectedly found himself in the role of a talented negotiator during the Montenegrin-Austrian border dispute, and his actions contributed to the successful resolution of the conflict.

Seguridad alimentaria en México: reforma del estado y modernización administrativa

The objective of this work is to answer the question: In what way are the structure and operation of the State and Public Administration related to Food Security in Mexico? This will be achieved through the analysis of the Mexican State Reforms and the most relevant processes implemented for Administrative Modernization in the area of Food Safety. As well, it will be possible to observe the articulation of the mechanisms to guarantee Food Security that has tended to supply domestic demand through the importation of food products from international markets, mainly from the United States, with the Free Trade Agreement of North America, today a Treaty between Mexico, the United States and Canada, leaving aside the enormous production capacity that the field has in Mexico.

Решение проблем человеческого фактора в сфере АПК посредством создания современных цифровых продуктов на примере экосистемы АО «Россельхозбанк»

ABSTRACT The subject of the study is the role of the human factor in the field of agriculture on the example of the ecosystem "Svoyo" JSC "Rosselkhoznadzor". The objectives of the work are to assess the essence and functions of the human factor in the Russian agricultural sector through the use of economic and statistical methods; to identify the main efficiency criteria used in attracting human resources; to identify problems that hinder the formation of human capital; to develop proposals for popularization of the ecosystem "Svoyo". It is determined that over the past seven years, the average annual number of people employed in the agricultural sector has steadily decreased and the trend towards a decrease in the number of enterprises belonging to small and medium-sized businesses has not changed, with an increase in the number of large agricultural holdings. It is big business that ensures the continuous growth of economic indicators in the industry. As a result of the ongoing state reforms in the agricultural sector, the volume of agricultural products has more than doubled since 2010. The scientific value of the article lies in the construction of a holistic and logical vision of solving the problems of the human factor in the agricultural sector. The factors that limit the opportunities for the development of the sphere associated with the formation of human capital, as well as the possibilities of the "Svoyo" resource for use by industry enterprises are highlighted: the prevailing unattractive image of the industry among the population, low innovation activity and the use of outdated technologies, inefficient organization and use of outdated combinations in the management of agricultural enterprises and the development of the industry as a whole, the lack of informing enterprises about the products of JSC "Rosselkhoznadzor". Conclusions are drawn about the need for institutional transformations and reforms aimed at changing the sectoral structure by reforming the education system.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM IN UKRAINE AS A DIRECTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITY

It is emphasized that the current state of the state power system, existing and potential challenges and threats to the functioning of the state administration system outlined the urgent need to establish the institutional content of public administration activities in the conditions of constitutional reform. The integration of the task of rationalizing public administrative activities is determined by the mutual influence of external and internal factors. It has been proven that public management activity is an open-type system, and it involves: firstly, the implementation of an innovative methodology for the study of public management changes in the conditions of the transformation of state power, the establishment of indicators of the effectiveness of public management activity at all levels of management; development of legal bases for institutionalization of PD; allocation of social content, principles, foundations. The institution is defined as a set of norms and patterns of behavior that persist over time and satisfy collectively significant goals. From the point of view of modern institutionalism, the functional characteristics of a state authority are emphasized: it is created for the purpose of directly implementing a specific type of state activity; carries out activities characterized by clearly defined state direction, goals, tasks and functions, a certain amount of competence (rights and duties); implements its activities with the help of methods and forms determined by the state; has a certain organizational and legal form, internal structure and external relations. Based on the analysis of the experience of the functioning of the institutional components of the PD of European countries, it is indicated that the organizational-legal, constitutional-legal and administrative aspects of public management activity are to some extent dependent on the forms of state government and organization, the legal system, and national traditions of public administration. The inclusion of a certain component of public management activity as a separate institution of social relations is always correlated with the corresponding, dominant standard of public management activity in the political sphere, determines the basic rules and forms of interaction in the political sphere, and at the same time must comply with the general regulations of the public management system. It is proved that the public legal context of modern institutional changes forms the requirements and conditions of public management transformation at the level of the national communication field, solving the tasks of state reforms, strengthening the role of the state at all levels of the vertically integrated model of public management activity. At the same time, the institutional foundations of public management activity are dependent on the structure of the reform of the public administration system.

События августа 1991 г. в лицах: штрихи к портрету члена Государственного комитета по чрезвычайному положению Д. Т. Язова

The article is dedicated to the thirtieth anniversary of the events called the 1991 August Coup and regarded as an attempt of a takeover. One of its key participants was Dmitry Timofeevich Yazov, the last Marshal of the Soviet Union. The article presents Yazov’s opinion on the causes and nature of the actions of members of the State Committee on the State of Emergency and also a description of the situation by the employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic who took part in the so-called release of Mikhail Gorbachev and the arrest of state leaders accused of attempting a conspiracy to remove him from the post of the president of the USSR. Taking into account evaluations given by representatives of the two opposite “sides” of the conflict, the author traces the changing perception of the domestic political events of that time. To solve the research problem, the author studied not only materials from various media and accessible normative documents, but also memories of real participants in the described confrontation. The mentioned sources, including the author’s personal acquaintance with the main character of the article, determined to a great extent the novelty of the study. The formed data bank is quite representative to understand the indicated problem. The main methodological principles of the study are scientific objectivity and historicism. The specific events of Yazov’s life are described in the context of political processes taking place in the country. Nevertheless, the main objective of the article is to reveal the identity of the prominent military leader against the background of the events of the August Coup and their influence on his subsequent life. He did not deny mistakes, but insisted that it did not affect his conscience and officer’s honor. In the author’s opinion, Yazov’s most important conclusion regarding the events of August 1991 is that the idea of creating the State Committee on the State of Emergency was provoked by President Gorbachev himself. As for Boris Yeltsin, he only took an advantage of the situation in order to gain full power. This indirectly confirms the existence of problems in the formation of political and legal culture in the implementation of major state reforms. The material of the article can be useful to everyone who is interested in the latest history of Russia. It records little-known but important elements of the activities of statesmen and state bodies during one of the most acute political breaks in national history.

Can Schools Change Religious Attitudes? Evidence from German State Reforms of Compulsory Religious Education

Can Schools Change Religious Attitudes? Evidence from German State Reforms of Compulsory Religious Education

Российский император Петр I Великий и Тамбовская епархия

The problem of church-state relations during the reign of Emperor Peter I is studied. In the general historical discourse, the cause-and-effect relationships of the state reforms carried out by the emperor in Russia and related events from life of Tambov Diocese are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a systematic understanding of church history in critical eras, including the regional aspect, in order to build effective interaction between the state, the Church and society at the present stage. Using narrative and historical-chronological methods of research, a holistic picture of the life of the Tambov Diocese at the end of the 17th – beginning of the 18th centuries is recreated, noting the facts of the negative influence of the internal policy chosen by Emperor Peter I towards the Orthodox Church, up to the deprivation of its independent government, which continued from 1701 to 1758. Concrete facts from the life of representatives of the clergy and laity are given, revealing the depth of socio-political contradictions that have arisen. In conclusion, we claims that Peter’s reforms had a destructive effect on the activities of Tambov Diocese founded in 1682: they gave rise to internal discord, prevented active missionary preaching among the heterogeneous local population for several decades.

FUTURE-SE: ELUCIDANDO MAIS UMA TENTATIVA DE PRIVATIZAÇÃO DAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS BRASILEIRAS

ABSTRACT: This article aims to establish relationships between the Universities and Entrepreneur and Innovative Institutes Program - Future-se - and various theoretical contributions that have guided the research, the business, and its relations with the Brazilian state throughout the years. It is based on a documental analysis of the proposal submitted to the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies in June 2020, as well as other legislation that supports the project, and is divided into seven parts. After the introduction, an initial analysis is made of the state reform, the Human Capital Theory, and the Information Society. It continues with an examination of Innovation, the Triple Helix model, and Academic Capitalism. Soon after, it focuses on changes in the state and in the individuals and the transformation of the company as a model for society. Then the reform of the state is resumed to demonstrate the managerial mutation that the Brazilian state is undergoing. The penultimate topic details other aspects of Future-se not covered in the previous sections, and at the end goes to the conclusion where some discussions made throughout the text are rescued. For the proposal in this article, we understand that Future-se is not something new, but an attempt to consolidate a growing trend towards the privatization of higher education, with a new specificity, which is the element of financialization.

РУССКАЯ ДИПЛОМАТИЯ НА БАЛКАНАХ: МИССИИ Я.Н. ОЗЕРЕЦКОВСКОГО И Е.П. КОВАЛЕВСКОГО В ЧЕРНОГОРИИ (1837 - 1838). ЧАСТЬ 2

The paper is devoted to the activities of Russian officers and envoys of the St. Petersburg government during the reign of Bishop Petar II Petrović Njegoš in Montenegro. Their arrival in Cetinje at that time was of great importance not only for strengthening Montenegrin-Russian relations, but also for settling the internal and external situation in Montenegro. The appointment of Lieutenant Colonel Jakov Nikolajevich Ozereckovski took place immediately after Njegoš’s second visit to the Russian capital. Ozereckovski’s tasks were to study the social and economic situation in Montenegro as comprehensively as possible, as well as to contribute to the state reforms of Petar II Njegoš. Based on his reports, the Russian government decided to send a new envoy to Montenegro, a young captain and mining engineer Yegor Petrovich Kovaljevski. Although he failed to find the alleged traces of gold in the river Zlatica, Kovaljevski nevertheless unexpectedly found himself in the role of a talented negotiator during the Montenegrin-Austrian border dispute, and his actions contributed to the successful resolution of the conflict.

M.M. SPERANSKY - A PERSON, A CITIZEN, A STATE MAN

The history periodically introduces us to really brilliant people, who are, as a rule, not appreciated by contemporaries. M.M. Speransky can rightfully be considered such a genius. A brilliant student of the seminary, a responsible official, an executive forwarder and head of the office, became a victim of court intrigues. However, even after his exile and return, Speransky turned out to be useful to the court of Emperor Nicholas I. The purpose of the research is to analyze the life and views of an outstanding politician of the first quarter of the 19th century, whose transformations were not appreciated in a timely manner, but whose benefits are obvious at the present time. In the study the following methods have been used: the retrospective one allowing you to immerse yourself in the events of the past, the historical and genetic method, revealing the specifics of M.M. Speransky's views, and the chronological one. The results of the research consist in the study and analysis of M.M. Speransky 's life and political views as an ideological inspirer of state reforms. The conclusions made are: M. Speransky's ideas were embodied in the future in the such well-known political institutions as the State Council, the bicameral parliament, the principle of separation of powers.

Can Schools Change Religious Attitudes? Evidence from German State Reforms of Compulsory Religious Education

Can Schools Change Religious Attitudes? Evidence from German State Reforms of Compulsory Religious Education

Государственная деятельность М. М. Сперанского в новейшей российской научной журнальной периодике: взгляды и оценки

Approaches and estimates of the state activity of the political figure, the large reformer in imperial Russia M. M. Speransky is considered. The author analyzed the latest publications on this subject in the leading domestic scientific magazines for 2017-2021. It is noted that interest in the state activity of the reformer has constant and steady character. The author investigated such aspects of a problem as: the general estimates of M. M. Speransky and a basis of his political and legal views, projects of the state transformations and their realization, a role of the reformer in development of the Russian law, the Siberian reforms according to the modern journal periodical press. It is emphasized that the interest of researchers is attracted by projects of the state reforms, especially emergence and activity of the State Council and the future not only this power institution, but those principles on which it arose initially. The role of the statesman in formation of institutional function of the mechanism of the state is shown. Rather new plot is studying projects and Speransky's activity in formation of financial science and also fundamentals of domestic law and legal education in Russia. The author paid attention to new aspects in studying the Siberian reforms of M. M. Speransky which study has fruitful historiographic tradition, their assessment is given. The conclusion is drawn that the total number of publications on the analyzed questions, in comparison, for example, with the Soviet period, increased considerably. New problems on a joint historical began to be studied and jurisprudence, to be applied the comparative method and a comparativist in general as the direction of researches more widely. Along with it the prospects of further studying a subject in connection with new objective conditions of development of modern social and humanitarian knowledge are planned.

GENEL SAĞLIK SIGORTASIYLA İLGİLİ DEVLET PROGRAMLARININ GELIŞTIRILMESI, DÜZENLEME AŞAMALARI VE ZORLUKLAR: GÜRCİSTAN ÖRNEĞİ

Raising public welfare is a key goal of financial science and the state itself, and one of the most important factors in achieving this goal is population health, global insurance protection, and social security. But the problem is that in Georgia neither the state can provide global health care for its own population nor the insurance market can provide global insurance protection.Of all the countries in the world, only 32 provided universal health care. Georgia has become the 33rd country to establish a state program of universal health insurance, which in turn is a major step towards global health and global insurance. But like all important state reforms, this reform is not protected from the accompanying problems and challenges at different stages of its development and regulation.The paper analyzes the stages and challenges of establishing, developing, managing and regulating the state program of universal health insurance with the involvement of the insurance market at the initial stage and through insurance companies and later without them with direct financing.

Public opinion towards welfare state reform: The role of political trust and government satisfaction

AbstractThe traditional welfare state, which emerged as a response to industrialization, is not well equipped to address the challenges of today's post‐industrial knowledge economies. Experts and policymakers have therefore called for welfare state readjustment towards a ‘social investment’ model (focusing on human skills and capabilities). Under what conditions are citizens willing to accept such future‐oriented reforms? We point at the crucial but hitherto neglected role of citizens’ trust in and satisfaction with government. Trust and satisfaction matter because future‐oriented reforms generate uncertainties, risks and costs, which trust and government satisfaction can attenuate. We offer micro‐level causal evidence using experiments in a representative survey covering eight European countries and confirm these findings with European Social Survey data for 22 countries. We find that trust and government satisfaction increase reform support and moderate the effects of self‐interest and ideological standpoints. These findings have crucial implications not least because they help explain why some countries manage – but others fail – to enact important reforms.

The Grassroots and Party Funding in Nigeria: Trajectories for Money Politics

This paper addresses grassroots indifference to party funding in Nigeria. It argues that all existing explanations on political apathy do not address the escalating tendency of the ordinary but educated and politically aware Nigerians to be averse to party funding. Drawing on political culture theory, the paper attributes the current trajectory of the phenomenon to a form of "inverse participant" culture by the grassroots, consequent upon their alienation that is driven by a convergence of three key variables: the cartel nature of party formation which is responsible for the disconnect in state-society relations, the appropriation and weaponisation of parties through funding, and decades of unfulfilled campaign promises. It further contends that grassroots indifference creates a funding vacuum which gives room for the monopoly of the party by the wealthy few and the moneybags. The paper concludes that, to arrest grassroots disinterest in party funding, it will require a reform of the Nigerian state to wean it of predatory and exclusionary character and arrest the prevailing cartelization of party formation and appropriation of political parties. It is also important to evolve a political culture that will create positive civic consciousness so as to shape voter-party-candidates relations in order to arrest the current negative voter attitudes that expect and demand for money from party candidates. This paper adopted the qualitative method of research , making use of extant literature on the subject matter and in addition used the interview method in seeking the opinions of a few individuals, some of them party card carrying members.

The Influence of the European Semester: Case Study Analysis and Lessons for its Post‐Pandemic Transformation*

AbstractThis paper examines whether and how the European Semester has influenced structural reforms in member states. It does so by analysing the interaction between the Commission and the national bureaucratic and political levels. The paper presents two process‐tracing exercises with a focus on those actors that directly worked with the CSRs to assess the political dynamics underpinning the CSR implementation process. First, it examines the more nuanced and indirect effects the Semester had on the liberalization of professions in Italy. Second, it shows how the debate on wage indexation in Belgium turned around over the years and how the Semester was an important factor in introducing reform. The analysis shows the influence of the Semester in terms of issue salience and agenda setting, but it also shows how the Commission can exert real pressure. This pressure may in turn affect the EU's perceived legitimacy, which holds lessons for the Semester's post‐pandemic transformation.

Communication network to optimize the quality of customer service in decentralized agencies - Municipality of Chiclayo

This research work is called Communication network to optimize the quality of user service in decentralized agencies - municipality Chiclayo 2019, which aims to design a communication network for interconnection of decentralized agencies to improve communication and service of the municipality Chiclayo 2019. The implementation and articulation to integrate the communication network to the information technology service, among the decentralized agencies to achieve communication coverage and improvement in the administration and user service. For this research, the instruments used for the collection of information are in accordance with the objectives to be achieved during the research process and that allow obtaining the necessary information for the basis of the research. It is intended to provide the solution to the problems of communications and control of the same in the entity, with an adequate and scalable technological architecture that will serve as the basis for future projects in technology and others that rely on the use of ICT services. All this according to the mission of the entity framed within the regulations of the state reform and sustainable development.

Illiberal peacebuilding in a hybrid regime. Authoritarian strategies for conflict containment in Myanmar

The post-Cold War period has seen the rise of international liberal peacebuilding, as an overarching framework for international interventions in intrastate conflicts. In contrast, the current period is marked by decline of liberal peacebuilding, and a simultaneous rise of domestic illiberal peacebuilding. This has created a gap between the predominant theoretical and policy framework and the actual form of peacebuilding in many conflict-ridden societies. The present article addresses this challenge through a contextual case study of illiberal peacebuilding in Myanmar. The case study shows how a dominant state actor – the military (Tatmadaw) – has used both coercion and co-optation to contain armed resistance against militarized and centralized statebuilding and thereby strengthen the state's territorial control and authority. While the SLORC/SPDC military junta (1988–2011) sought to contain ethnic armed organizations through military offensives, ceasefire agreements and illiberal peacebuilding, the military based USDP-government (2011–2015) institutionalized a hybrid regime as a framework for political transformation of EAOs, and tolerated a degree of dual territorial, administrative and resource control at the local scale. These clientelist measures failed to address the substantive issues behind Myanmar's multiple and protracted conflicts. They were also combined with military offensives against non-ceasefire groups and war by other means in ceasefire areas. Moreover, the case study demonstrates that the Tatmadaw used its tutelary power to obstructs substantive conflict resolution through negotiated state reforms. Myanmar's peace initiatives during the last three decades should thus be understood as illiberal strategies for containing ethnic armed organizations rather than attempts at substantive conflict resolution.