State Reaction Research Articles

Blowout characteristics of the partially premixed flame during the condition transition in a supersonic combustor

The blowout characteristics of partially premixed flame during the condition transition in a cavity-stabilized scramjet combustor are investigated by the experimental method. More attention is placed on the unsteady evolution of the turbulent jet flame, as well as its dynamic response with the initial reactive flow states. The Mach number of flow at the entrance of the combustor is 2.52, the total pressure and the stagnation temperature of which are 1.6 MPa and 1486 K. The cavity-stabilized jet flame is blown out once the injection pressure drop reaches a critical value. During the flame blowout process, the most strongly reactive region gradually transits from vicinity of the cavity shear layer to downstream. Accompanied the sharply decrease of combustion intensity, the light intensity drops rapidly until the flame is completely extinguished. The experimental results indicate that the dynamic process of flame blowout depends on the initial reactive flowfields. The jet flame lasts longer and more intermediate products with high temperature reside within the combustor, which is beneficial to ignite the combustible fuel mixed in the air. As the increase of initial combustion intensity, the flame can be maintained in the combustor at a lower limit of global equivalence ratio after the condition transition. The results on the flame blowout limits are of great significance for the design of the condition transition in a scramjet.

PKC Delta Activation Promotes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS) and NLR Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 (NLRP3) Inflammasome Activation Subsequent to Asynuclein-Induced Microglial Activation: Involvement of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP)/Thioredoxin (Trx) Redoxisome Pathway.

A classical hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis is the accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn) within Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, although its role in microglial dysfunction and resultant dopaminergic (DAergic) neurotoxicity is still elusive. Previously, we identified that protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) is activated in post mortem PD brains and experimental Parkinsonism and that it participates in reactive microgliosis; however, the relationship between PKCδ activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the reactive microglial activation state in the context of α-synucleinopathy is largely unknown. Herein, we show that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, and PKCδ activation increased concomitantly with ERS markers, including the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF-4), serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (p-IRE1α), p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) as well as increased generation of neurotoxic cytokines, including IL-1β in aggregated αSynagg-stimulated primary microglia. Importantly, in mouse primary microglia-treated with αSynagg we observed increased expression of Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of the thioredoxin (Trx) pathway, a major antioxidant protein system. Additionally, αSynagg promoted interaction between NLRP3 and TXNIP in these cells. In vitro knockdown of PKCδ using siRNA reduced ERS and led to reduced expression of TXNIP and the NLRP3 activation response in αSynagg-stimulated mouse microglial cells (MMCs). Additionally, attenuation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) via mito-apocynin and amelioration of ERS via the eIF2α inhibitor salubrinal (SAL) reduced the induction of the ERS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling axis, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction and ERS may act in concert to promote the αSynagg-induced microglial activation response. Likewise, knockdown of TXNIP by siRNA attenuated the αSynagg-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation response. Finally, unilateral injection of αSyn preformed fibrils (αSynPFF) into the striatum of wild-type mice induced a significant increase in the expression of nigral p-PKCδ, ERS markers, and upregulation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling axis prior to delayed loss of TH+ neurons. Together, our results suggest that inhibition of ERS and its downstream signaling mediators TXNIP and NLRP3 might represent novel therapeutic avenues for ameliorating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in PD and other synucleinopathies.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Economic and Political Situation in Germany. Part 1

The COVID-19 epidemic has become a major security challenge for Germany. The country was faced with the need to protect its own citizens, transform the health care system and support the economy. On the eve of the elections to the Bundestag, German elite concern how COVID-19 and restrictive measures will affect the electoral preferences of the population. At the same time, the pandemic has become a test for European solidarity. The first isolationist reaction of the EU member states gave way to attempts to find a solution at the supranational level. In a twopart article, the team of authors made an attempt to analyze how the German government solves the problems facing the country at the national and European levels, as well as to identify how citizens’ moods change under the influence of the pandemic, what predictions can be made about the results of the upcoming elections to the Bundestag. The first part is devoted to German anti-virus policy, as well as a study of economic damage and measures to support the economy. The second will analyze the FRG’s policy at the European level, as well as the impact of the pandemic on the mood in society and the political preferences of Germans.

THE LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANXIETY OF STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING DURING QUARANTINE RESTRICTIONS COVID-19

A number of environmental emergencies, such as global climate change, high levels of pollution, etc., have caused environmental concern, which has taken on a new dimension during the quarantine restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and contributed to negative psychological states and mental disorders. Therefore, the issues of anxiety and environmental anxiety are extremely important and the mental health of both the individual and society as a whole. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the level of reactive and situational eco-anxiety in students on the example of medical students of Vinnytsia National Medical University named after MI Pirogov in terms of distance learning caused by quarantine restrictions of the pandemic COVID-19. In the course of the research such methods as analysis, systematization, synthesis, generalization, concretization, comparison and psychodiagnostic methods were used, using the spielberg anxiety assessment questionnaire (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-STAI) in the modification of J. Khanin, (the level of reactive state determination). and situational anxiety) and the author's questionnaire, which contains 11 random questions about satisfaction with distance learning. The empirical evidence suggests that a reactive and situational anxiety is among the environmental destructive factors influencing human mental health. Dominant in the structure of pathological changes characteristic of changes in mental health are mental disorders of pre-nosological content, based on a number of intermediate destructions between a norm and a pathology in the interaction with the eco-environment, causing various manifestations of socio-mental maladaptation in distance learning. It was found that environmental friendliness in the educational environment reflects the needs of the individual in the acquisition of knowledge about nature and in its fruitful coexistence with it, increasing the level of knowledge of students about the problems of protection and use of its benefits. Environmental education should contribute not only to the development of subjectivity, but also to the formation of a humanistic worldview in order to adapt students to modern conditions. One of such priorities is the worldview in interaction with nature: in the formation of values and life guidelines; in creating means of humanization of the information society regarding the harmonious coexistence of a man and nature; in understanding environmental education on the principle of ecovitalism and the value of human self-attitude to their own interactions with nature, in particular in a situation of environmental crisis or pandemic.

Unified Approach to Gated Reactions on Networks.

For two molecules to react they first have to meet. Yet, reaction times are rarely on par with the first-passage times that govern such molecular encounters. A prime reason for this discrepancy is stochastic transitions between reactive and nonreactive molecular states, which results in effective gating of product formation and altered reaction kinetics. To better understand this phenomenon we develop a unifying approach to gated reactions on networks. We first show that the mean and distribution of the gated reaction time can always be expressed in terms of ungated first-passage and return times. This relation between gated and ungated kinetics is then explored to reveal universal features of gated reactions. The latter are exemplified using a diverse set of case studies which are also used to expose the exotic kinetics that arises due to molecular gating.

INFLAMMATORY-DESTRUCTIVE PROCESS IN PERIODONTIUM WHILE MODELLING HYPО- AND HYPERREACTIVITY OF THE ORGANISM

The issues of clarifying the key mechanisms of development and course of generalized periodontitis in different conditions of reactivity of the organism remain relevant. The aim of the research is study of the peculiarities of course of the inflammatory-destructive process in the periodontium according to the dynamics of clinical and paraclinical indicators depending on the state of reactivity of the body in the conditions of modeling hyper- and hyporeaction.
 Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 24 adult not purebred dogs weighing 8-12 kg. The animals were divided into three equal groups. In the first group, drugs that disrupt the reactivity of the organism were not used (normoreactivity of the organism). In the second group drugs simulated the state of hyperreactivity, and in the third they provoked the condition of the hyporeactivity of the organism. The condition of periodontal tissues was assessed initially, on the 14th and 28th day of observation of clinical and paraclinical parameters (creviculars liquor, PMA indices, PI Russell, GI Fedorov-Volodkina, Kulazhenko's test).
 Results. On the 14th day of modelling the states of hyper- and hyporeactivity of the organism a number of differences in the nature of inflammation in periodontal tissues were revealed in animals of different groups. Control of the amount of creviculars liquor increased in 1,1 times, PMA indices, PI Russell, GI Fedorov-Volodkina, Kulazhenko's test, respectively, in 1,12; 1,19; 1,33 and 1,29 times (p <0,05).
 On the 28th day of the experiment, significant differences in the intensity of the destructive process in animals with unchanged and changed reactivity of the organism attracted attention. Thus, in cases of normoreactivity the depth of periodontal pockets reached 3 mm, the mobility of the teeth was I degree, with the changed - the depth of periodontal pockets was 5-6 mm, the mobility of the teeth was II-III degree. The amount of creviculars liquor, reflecting the intensity of the inflammatory reaction, increased compared with the 14th day, 1,3 times (p <0,05); PMA index, which characterizes the prevalence of gingivitis, and the Kulazhenko test probably did not change (p> 0,05); Russell's PI index, which indicates a pronounced intensity of inflammatory-destructive periodontal lesions, increased 2,05 times (р <0,05).
 Conclusions. Thus, in cases of normoreactivity of organism the inflammatory-destructive process in periodontium has moderate nature; when modelling the hyper- and hyporeactivity of the organism it acquires the character of “rapidly progressing periodontitis”. Therefore, it is necessary to continue studying the question of explaining the mechanism of different clinical course of the inflammatory-destructive process with changed and unchanged reactivity of the organism.

Experience of Using a Complex Antigenic Preparation of the Plague Microbe to Assess the Severity of a Specific Anti-Plague Response

Background. Improving the methodology of immunological monitoring in natural foci of plague in the Russian Federation and adjacent territories to increase the effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance of plague is an urgent line of research. The lack of correlation between the production of specific antibodies to the capsular antigen (F1) ofthe plague microbe with other indicators of the state of cellular defense reactivity indicates the need to search for new informative and accessible markers for assessing anti-plague immunity.Objective: to evaluate possibility of using the complex preparation (F1 and cell membranes) evaluate the possibilities of using an artificial antigenic complex based on F1 and cell membranes (CM) of the plague microbe in antigen-specific tests in vitro in people vaccinated against plague.resu. The study involved 153 volunteers living in the territory enzootic for plague (the village of Khandagayty ofthe Ovyur kozhuun of the Tyva Republic and the village of Kosh-Agach of the Kosh-Agach district of the Altai Republic). The study included the determination of spontaneous and mitogen-induced production of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α) by blood cells, titers of specific IgG antibodies to the capsular antigen F1 of the plague microbe and concentrations ofthe main classes of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE) in blood serum, as well as immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19).Results. Comparative assessment of the level of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4) in spontaneous/induced F1+CM Y. pestis tests revealed a statistically significant increase in the production of cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ in the antigeninduced tests compared with spontaneous (p < 0.01).Conclusion. Thus, the effectiveness of the use of artificial antigenic complex based on F1 and cell membranes ofthe plague microbe has been shown to assess the production of cytokines in antigen-specific cell tests in vitro, which justifies the need for further research.

Microglial Morphology Across Distantly Related Species: Phylogenetic, Environmental and Age Influences on Microglia Reactivity and Surveillance States.

Microglial immunosurveillance of the brain parenchyma to detect local perturbations in homeostasis, in all species, results in the adoption of a spectrum of morphological changes that reflect functional adaptations. Here, we review the contribution of these changes in microglia morphology in distantly related species, in homeostatic and non-homeostatic conditions, with three principal goals (1): to review the phylogenetic influences on the morphological diversity of microglia during homeostasis (2); to explore the impact of homeostatic perturbations (Dengue virus challenge) in distantly related species (Mus musculus and Callithrix penicillata) as a proxy for the differential immune response in small and large brains; and (3) to examine the influences of environmental enrichment and aging on the plasticity of the microglial morphological response following an immunological challenge (neurotropic arbovirus infection). Our findings reveal that the differences in microglia morphology across distantly related species under homeostatic condition cannot be attributed to the phylogenetic origin of the species. However, large and small brains, under similar non-homeostatic conditions, display differential microglial morphological responses, and we argue that age and environment interact to affect the microglia morphology after an immunological challenge; in particular, mice living in an enriched environment exhibit a more efficient immune response to the virus resulting in earlier removal of the virus and earlier return to the homeostatic morphological phenotype of microglia than it is observed in sedentary mice.

Atg7 deficiency in microglia drives an altered transcriptomic profile associated with an impaired neuroinflammatory response

Microglia, resident immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system, can display a range of reaction states and thereby exhibit distinct biological functions across development, adulthood and under disease conditions. Distinct gene expression profiles are reported to define each of these microglial reaction states. Hence, the identification of modulators of selective microglial transcriptomic signature, which have the potential to regulate unique microglial function has gained interest. Here, we report the identification of ATG7 (Autophagy-related 7) as a selective modulator of an NF-κB-dependent transcriptional program controlling the pro-inflammatory response of microglia. We also uncover that microglial Atg7-deficiency was associated with reduced microglia-mediated neurotoxicity, and thus a loss of biological function associated with the pro-inflammatory microglial reactive state. Further, we show that Atg7-deficiency in microglia did not impact on their ability to respond to alternative stimulus, such as one driving them towards an anti-inflammatory/tumor supportive phenotype. The identification of distinct regulators, such as Atg7, controlling specific microglial transcriptional programs could lead to developing novel therapeutic strategies aiming to manipulate selected microglial phenotypes, instead of the whole microglial population with is associated with several pitfalls.

Radical Mechanism of Ir III /Ni II -Metallaphotoredox-Catalyzed C(sp 3 )–H Functionalization Triggered by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer: Theoretical Insight

Photoredox catalysis can be induced to activate organic substrates or to modulate the oxidation state of transition-metal catalysts via unique single-electron transfer processes, so as to achieve c...

Electron Transfer in Films of Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters

In applications of monolayer-protected gold clusters, assessing the dynamic behavior of the capping monolayer is crucial, as this determines the cluster’s effective size and electron-transfer (ET) properties. Here, we describe a systematic study on the effect of the monolayer thickness on the ET between molecular Au25(SR)180 nanoclusters in films. The length of the ligands protecting the Au core was varied by using a series of linear-chain thiolate (SCnH2n+1) protected Au25 clusters, where n = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10. The effect of branching was assessed by using the 2-methyl-1-butanethiolate-protected Au25 cluster. Conductivity measurements were carried out on dry films obtained by drop-casting Au25(SR)180 solutions onto interdigitated gold electrodes. Changing the alkyl chain from C3 to C10 induces a smooth decrease in the film conductivity by 3.5 orders of magnitude. By using electrochemically determined Stokes radii, the conductivity results were transformed into the corresponding ET rate constants (kETs) between neighboring clusters. kET exponentially depends on the distance, and the data show that the average Au center-to-center distance in the film is not larger than the sum of two Stokes radii. This indicates that linear alkyl chains hold a detectable degree of fluidity in films, although not as much as in solution, as shown by the trend of the corresponding heterogeneous standard rate-constant values. For both physical states, these conclusions are precisely confirmed by the much slower ET rate determined for the Au25 cluster protected by the hindered thiolate. ET in films was also studied as a function of temperature, and the results were analyzed in the framework of the ET theory. We found that the outer and inner reorganization energies increase with n. For these ETs, the electronic coupling resonance between the reactant and product states, HRP, ranges from 12 (n = 3) to 0.7 cm–1 (n = 10) and therefore ETs are nonadiabatic. The data also show that 3/4 of the effect of distance on kET is related to HRP, while the rest is associated with the intrinsic barrier and thus the distance dependence of the outer and inner reorganization energies.

A Noncanonical Tryptophan Analogue Reveals an Active Site Hydrogen Bond Controlling Ferryl Reactivity in a Heme Peroxidase.

Nature employs high-energy metal-oxo intermediates embedded within enzyme active sites to perform challenging oxidative transformations with remarkable selectivity. Understanding how different local metal-oxo coordination environments control intermediate reactivity and catalytic function is a long-standing objective. However, conducting structure–activity relationships directly in active sites has proven challenging due to the limited range of amino acid substitutions achievable within the constraints of the genetic code. Here, we use an expanded genetic code to examine the impact of hydrogen bonding interactions on ferryl heme structure and reactivity, by replacing the N–H group of the active site Trp51 of cytochrome c peroxidase by an S atom. Removal of a single hydrogen bond stabilizes the porphyrin π-cation radical state of CcP W191F compound I. In contrast, this modification leads to more basic and reactive neutral ferryl heme states, as found in CcP W191F compound II and the wild-type ferryl heme-Trp191 radical pair of compound I. This increased reactivity manifests in a >60-fold activity increase toward phenolic substrates but remarkably has negligible effects on oxidation of the biological redox partner cytc. Our data highlight how Trp51 tunes the lifetimes of key ferryl intermediates and works in synergy with the redox active Trp191 and a well-defined substrate binding site to regulate catalytic function. More broadly, this work shows how noncanonical substitutions can advance our understanding of active site features governing metal-oxo structure and reactivity.

A pH dependent sulfate formation mechanism caused by hypochlorous acid in the marine atmosphere

Secondary sulfate plays a crucial role in forming marine aerosol, which in turn is an important source of natural aerosol at a global level. Recent experimental studies suggest that oxidation of S(IV) compounds, in practice dissolved sulfur dioxide, to sulfate (S(VI)) by hypochloric acid could be one of the most significant pathways for sulfate formation in marine areas. However, the exact mechanism responsible for this process remains unknown. Using high-level quantum chemical calculations, we studied the reaction between dissolved sulfur dioxide and hypochloric acid. We account for the dominant protonation states of reactants in the pH range 3.0–9.0. We also consider possible catalytic effects of species such as H2O. Our results show that sulfate formation in HOCl+HOSO2− and HOCl+SO32− reactions relevant to acidic and nearly neutral conditions can occur either through previously proposed Cl+ transfer or through a novel HO+ transfer mechanism. In alkaline conditions, where the dominant reactants are OCl− and SO32−, an O atom transfer mechanism proposed in previous experimental studies may be more important than Cl+ transfer. Catalysis by common cloud-water species is found to lower barriers of Cl+ transfer mechanisms substantially. Nevertheless, we find that the dominant S(IV) + HOCl reaction mechanism for the full studied pH range is HO+ transfer from HOCl to SO32−, which leads directly to sulfate formation without ClSO3− intermediates. The rate-limiting barrier of this reaction is low, leading to an essentially diffusion-controlled reaction rate. S(IV) lifetimes due to this reaction decrease with increasing pH due to the increasing fractional population of SO32−. Especially in neutral and alkaline conditions, depletion of HOCl by the reaction is so rapid that S(IV) oxidation will be controlled mainly by mass transfer of gas-phase HOCl to the liquid phase. The mechanism proposed here may help to explain marine sulfate sources missing from current atmospheric models.

The degree of astrocyte activation is predictive of the incubation time to prion disease

In neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and prion diseases, astrocytes acquire disease-associated reactive phenotypes. With growing appreciation of their role in chronic neurodegeneration, the questions whether astrocytes lose their ability to perform homeostatic functions in the reactive states and whether the reactive phenotypes are neurotoxic or neuroprotective remain unsettled. The current work examined region-specific changes in expression of genes, which report on astrocyte physiological functions and their reactive states, in C57Black/6J mice challenged with four prion strains via two inoculation routes. Unexpectedly, strong reverse correlation between the incubation time to the diseases and the degree of astrocyte activation along with disturbance in functional pathways was observed. The animal groups with the most severe astrocyte response and degree of activation showed the most rapid disease progression. The degree of activation tightly intertwined with the global transformation of the homeostatic state, characterized by disturbances in multiple gene sets responsible for normal physiological functions producing a neurotoxic, reactive phenotype as a net result. The neurotoxic reactive phenotype exhibited a universal gene signature regardless of the prion strain. The current work suggests that the degree of astrocyte activation along with the disturbance in their physiological pathways contribute to the faster progression of disease and perhaps even drive prion pathogenesis.

Luminescence properties of novel orange-red-emitting Gd2InSbO7:Sm3+ phosphor with high color purity for W-LEDs

Novel orange-red phosphors Gd2InSbO7:Sm3+ were successfully prepared through the conventional high-temperature-solid state reaction. The phase purity, size distribution, luminescence properties, and decay curves are characterized in detail. Gd2InSbO7:Sm3+ phosphors possess a cubic structure with Fd-3m(227) space group. Through the X-ray diffraction analysis, the obtained phosphors are identified to be pure phases. The Gd2InSbO7:Sm3+ phosphors emit a bright orange-red emission light at 605 nm, which is ascribed to the 4G5/2-6H7/2 transitions. The asymmetry ratio R is confirmed to be 1.88, and the optimum concentration of Gd2InSbO7:xSm3+ is confirmed to be 5 mol%. The activation energy Ea is calculated to be 0.20 eV. Furthermore, the Gd2InSbO7:0.05Sm3+ phosphor possesses high color purity (100%). A white light-emitting diode (W-LED) is successfully fabricated, possessing good color rendering index (Ra) and correlated color temperature (CCT). All results indicate that the Gd2InSbO7:Sm3+ phosphors have a potential to apply in the W-LEDs field.

Ultimate control in chemistry.

Controlling reactions between molecules is a major fundamental goal in chemistry and doing so on the level of individual quantum states is very challenging. Now, control over the reactant state and full characterization of the product-state distribution of an ultracold bimolecular reaction has been demonstrated.

Indirect autonomic nervous system activity assessment in patients with myocardial infarction

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Abnormalities in the cardiac sympathetic nervous system have been documented in myocardial infarction (MI) and have been directly implicated in pathogenesis and progression of MI. Assessment of the autonomic nervous system activity in acute stage of MI allowed us to identify groups of high-risk patients. Purpose To investigate the sympathetic nervous system activity in patients with MI by assessing the condition of beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes. To analyze ADRB1 Arg389Gly associations with the state of beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes in patients with MI. Methods During the study period, 62 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 11 patients (nine women and two men, median age of 54.0 [49.0;61.0] years) with normal beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes, the second group consisted of 51 patients (40 women and 11 man, median age of 61.0 [48.0;72.0] years) with abnormal beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes. The research of beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes was conducted by analysis of changing erythrocyte osmoresistance under the influence of beta blocker in the first 6 hours from the onset of the heart attack. The genetic research was conducted by PСR method in real time. Results Groups of patients were comparable in main clinical indicators (anamnesis of ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure, frequency of beta blockers administration before and during of MI, electrocardiography features: elevation of ST-segment, Q-wave and etc.). The second group presented with a higher occurrence of acute left ventricular failure (33.3% vs 0%, p = 0.026) and arterial hypertension (90.2% vs 63.6%, p = 0.044). Parameters of myocardial damage were significantly higher in the second group than the first group. Primarily, this manifested in the presence of a greater number of hypokinesis zones on echocardiography (p = 0.015). In addition, patients of the second group had a lower ejection fraction according to echocardiography (51.0 [46.5;59.0]% vs 58.0 [52.0;63.0]%, p = 0.042). Levels of blood necrosis biomarkers were significantly higher in the second group, e.g. Troponin I (24.1 [9.9;68.0] ng/ml vs 1.3 [0.2;1.8] ng/ml, p = 0.001). At the same time statistically significant distinctions of the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in groups were not revealed. The analysis of ADRB1 Arg389Gly demonstrated association of CC-genotype with abnormal beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes [OR 5.9, 95% СI 1.16-30.25, p = 0.043]. Conclusion Patients with an abnormal beta-adrenergic reactivity were characterized by a greater volume of damage to the heart muscle. Moreover, association of CC-genotype of gene ADRB1 Arg389Gly with abnormal beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes was identified.

High thermoelectric properties of p-type BiCuSeO co−doped with Ca2+ and Ba2+

In this work, we prepare Ca2+ and Ba2+ co−doped BiCuSeO using a solid−state reaction, followed by spark plasma sintering. Ca2+/Ba2+ co−doping significantly increases the electrical conductivity through the increased hole concentration. In addition to the increased power factor, Ca2+/Ba2+ co−doping reduces the phonon thermal conductivity through grain refinement, increased porosity, and mass and strain field fluctuations. The combination of the largest power factor and the low phonon thermal conductivity for Bi0.80Ca0.10Ba0.10CuSeO yields the largest dimensionless figure−of−merit (ZT). The ZT of Bi0.80Ca0.10Ba0.10CuSeO (0.60) at 600 °C is two times larger than that of the undoped BiCuSeO (0.30) at 600 °C. We systematically discuss the effect of the Ca2+/Ba2+ co−doping on the thermoelectric properties of BiCuSeO oxyselenide.

The Us Recognition of Jerusalem: Aspects and Implications

The status of Jerusalem lies at the heart of Palestine-Israel conundrum. Its disputed status is pelagus forsit for the resolution of the intractable Palestine conflict. The Palestinians have always regarded Eastern Jerusalem as capital of their future state under Two-nation solution. On the other side, Israel declared in 1998 to further expand Jerusalem by annexing the surrounding areas as well. This paper investigates the Trump administration’s stance on relocating the US embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, its implications for Palestinian state and broad reactions of the world community.

Interconnectivity between Surface Reactivity and Self-Assembly of Kemp Elimination Catalyzing Nanorods.

Understanding the fundamental facts behind dynamicity of catalytic processes has been a longstanding quest across disciplines. Herein, we report self-assembly of catalytically active gold nanorods that can be regulated by tuning its reactivity towards a proton transfer reaction at different pH. Unlike substrate-induced templating and co-operativity, the enhanced aggregation rate is due to alteration of catalytic surface charge only during reactivity as negatively charged transition state of reactant (5-nitrobenzisoxazole) is formed on positively charged nanorod while undergoing a concerted E2-pathway. Herein, enhanced diffusivity during catalytic processes might also act as an additional contributing factor. Furthermore, we have also shown that nanosized hydrophobic cavities of clustered nanorods can also efficiently accelerate the rate of an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction, which also demonstrates a catalytic phenomenon that can lead to cascading of other reactions where substrates and products of the starting reactions are not directly involved.