State Planning Research Articles

Creating and Implementing a Community Engagement Strategy for the 2022-2027 Illinois Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan Through an Academic-State Public Health Department Partnership.

Comprehensive cancer control (CCC) plans are state-level blueprints that identify regional cancer priorities and health equity strategies. Coalitions are encouraged to engage with community members, advocacy groups, people representing multiple sectors, and working partners throughout the development process. We describe the community and legislative engagement strategy developed and implemented during 2020-2022 for the 2022-2027 Illinois CCC plan. The engagement strategies were grounded in theory and evidence-based tools and resources. It was developed and implemented by coalition members representing the state health department and an academic partner, with feedback from the larger coalition. The strategy included a statewide town hall, 8 focus groups, and raising awareness of the plan among state policy makers. A total of 112 people participated in the town hall and focus groups, including 40 (36%) cancer survivors, 31 (28%) cancer caregivers, and 18 (16%) Latino and 26 (23%) African American residents. Fourteen of 53 (26%) focus group participants identified as rural. Participants identified drivers of cancer disparities (eg, lack of a comprehensive health insurance system, discrimination, transportation access) and funding and policy priorities. Illinois House Resolution 0675, the Illinois Cancer Control Plan, was passed in March 2022. The expertise and voices of community members affected by cancer can be documented and reflected in CCC plans. CCC plans can be brought to the attention of policy makers. Other coalitions working on state plans may consider replicating our strategy. Ultimately, CCC plans should reflect health equity principles and prioritize eliminating cancer disparities.

Abandoned mine land program: Examining public participation in decision‐making

AbstractFor centuries, coal extraction and production provided low‐cost energy that powered the American economy. Currently, an estimated 5.5 million people in the Appalachian region live within one mile of an Abandoned Mine Land (AML) site. The site remediation has been funded and promoted by the AML program under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) of 1977, and public engagement has been required. However, little is known about the AML program and the public engagement requirement for site remediation decision‐making. Relying on State and Tribal Reclamation Plans and community surveys, we investigate how AML states and tribes engage the public and which barriers limit successful participation in the AML program. We found that AML states and tribes rely heavily on traditional methods of public engagement, such as public meetings, hearings, and comment periods, rather than nontraditional methods that could include more diverse stakeholders. We also found (1) lack of information on public participation opportunities and (2) unclear project selection and awards processes as key barriers limiting public engagement. Three recommendations specific to AML program are suggested.

The "UNAV-experience of living with chronic heart failure scale": a psychometric validation study

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2013-2016 (2013-2016 State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation) of the Spanish Government and co-financed by the Subdirectorate-General for the Evaluation and Promotion of Research of the Carlos III Health Institute (Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIII) and the European Regional Development Fund (Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional - FEDER) Introduction No validated patient-reported scale has been identified focused on exploring the life experience of people with chronic heart failure. Its development is necessary to address the person's view as a unitary being, and understand the illness as a health experience embedded in the person's life history. Purpose This study aimed to analyse the psychometric properties of the "UNAV-Experience of Living with Chronic Heart Failure Scale" in a large Spanish population. Methods A test-retest validation study was conducted between June 2020 and May 2022. The study was performed in five Spanish hospitals' outpatient heart failure units. The sample consisted of 300 adult patients with chronic heart failure with functional class II-IV. The test-retest was performed with 50 of these patients. Sociodemographic data, clinical data, the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire, the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire and the UNAV-Experience of Living with Chronic Heart Failure Scale were collected. The adjustment of the data to the Rasch model was analysed, as well as psychometric analyses according to classical test theory: data quality and acceptability, reliability and construct validity. Results The initial version of 53 items (developed based on the results of a qualitative study, a systematic literature review, the opinion of a panel of experts and a pilot study) was finally reduced to 30 items. Through Rasch's analysis, five dimensions were identified that made up this scale: 1) Living with CHF involves profound personal changes (7 items); 2) People living with CHF have to accept their situation (5 items); 3) People with CHF need to feel that their life is normal (7 items); 4) People with CHF need to live with hope (5 items); 5) People with CHF feel that their situation negatively influences their close environment (6 items). No subscales showed asymmetry or floor effect. All items had a corrected total item correlation >0.30. The homogeneity index of the items ranged from 0.31 to 0.57, and Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.73 to 0.87. The intraclass correlation coefficient was between 0.79 and 0.89. All subscales showed significant differences by gender (p<0.001), except for the Acceptance subscale. The subscales on Profound Change, Acceptance and Hope showed significant differences by educational level (p<0.05). Regarding functional class, subscale scores significantly differed between class II and III-IV (p<0.01). Conclusions The UNAV-Experience of Living with Chronic Heart Failure Scale is an original and valid tool to measure the experience of living with chronic heart failure from the person's perspective.

Reasons for Community Language Learning in Ukrainian Complementary Schools in Italy

The increasing multiculturalism and multilingualism of Italian society has not had no real impact on Italian state language policy and planning: community languages are not taught in Italian state schools, neither to students with a migrant background, nor to native students. Given this absence of provision in the state system, the learning of community languages is primarily achieved through complementary education. Drawing on qualitative data from interviews with school organisers and teachers, this paper discusses the reasons for Ukrainian language learning in two Ukrainian complementary schools in Italy.

A new system of state planning in Kazakhstan: the analysis and problems

The purpose of the research is to identify the features and vulnerabilities of the new state planning system (hereinafter referred to as the SPS) in Kazakhstan, approved in February 2021.Methodology. A systematic and comparative analysis of documentation in the field of SPS was used as a research method.Originality / value of the research. In the conditions of new challenges and acceleration of historical time, the system of state planning and management in the country needs constant analysis and modernization. The issues of strategic and state planning of the country have been reflected in many works by domestic and international authors. However, due to the relative novelty, the recent changes in the SPS have not yet been extensively analyzed, which makes this study relevant. The conclusions of the study can be useful from the point of view of further improvement of the SPS and increasing the effectiveness of the implemented state measures.Findings. The results indicate that the new SPS has retained its multi-stage nature, despite attempts to optimize documents. Another problem was the low autonomy of local authorities in matters of strategic planning. A separate block of questions touched on the methodological and substantive shortcomings of the documents of the SPS. The last conclusion is the weak harmonization of budget and strategic planning.

Which Screening Instruments are used in Kindergarten for Developmental Assessment and Identification of Developmental Needs? Quality and Usefulness Criteria of the Instruments

On the basis of the educational plans of the federal states, kindergartens have the duty to observe the development of children.There are various instruments for developmental observations and the identification of developmental needs.However, the quality and content of these instruments vary greatly. To date, there has been little systematic research on the use of screening instruments in kindergarten.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the use and the satisfaction with instruments for developmental observations and the identification of support needs. Additionally, an analysis of the used instruments in regard of their psychometric quality was conducted. N = 190 kindergarten fromThuringia participated in the study. An online questionnaire was completed, which particularly addressed the question of whether and, if so, which screening instruments were used for developmental observations or for the identification of support needs. In addition, specific information on these instruments (e. g. duration, satisfaction) was collected. Nearly 94 % of participating kindergarten used screening instruments for developmental observations, and 69 % used instruments for identifying support needs. For most frequently used instruments the psychometric quality was weak and only few practice criteria were considered.

Harnessing European policies for energy planning in Illinois: Overcoming barriers and transitioning to a climate-neutral society

After signing a new Climate and Equitable Jobs Act legislation in September 2021 and establishing the state of Illinois (USA) as a “national leader on climate action,” the processes of the implementation of this act take the permanent attention of legislators, policymakers, and customers. The shift that this act could potentially provide represents a new technological foundation for both state and municipal energy planning. This article explores the historical context of energy legislation and energy planning in the United States with a focus on the state of Illinois and makes a comparative study with Denmark (European Union) – one of the global leaders in the transition to green energy, an innovator in the sustainability realm. The driving similarity is that both Illinois and Denmark now have the same declared goal – to rely on 100% renewable energy and have a climate-neutral society by 2050. This paper examines two different approaches to energy planning in a broader realm of urban planning in Illinois and Denmark. Municipalities play an important role as local energy planning authorities in the design and implementation of future energy systems, so this article will additionally focus on the two largest municipalities in both territories: Chicago and Copenhagen.

Process of sovietisation of tertiary education in Slovakia in 1945-1956

The socio-political events of 1945-1956 are characterised by several phenomena that significantly marked the formation of tertiary education in Slovakia and determined its subsequent development. In the first years after the end of the war, attempts at political, economic, or cultural contacts with Western countries could still be observed in several Central European countries for some time. Universities maintained their traditional internal academic structure, organisation of student enrolment, content of studies, etc. This situation was mainly fostered by the needs of the country's reconstruction, which at the same time masked the political pragmatism of the new, but not yet fully strengthened, people's democratic regimes. Gradually, they became a priority concern of the Communist Party, whose aim was to gain ideological control over them. Soviet influence in education was exercised in the spirit of communist ideology, centralized state planning, and a bureaucratically controlled process of education marked by ideological influences. The paper aims to analyse the basic changes in educational models and specific features of Slovak higher education systems after the bipolar division of the world.

HISTORICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF CONTRACT AND THE RULE OF LAW FOR THE NATURALIST JUS PHILOSOPHERS THOMAS HOBBES, JOHN LOCKE AND JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

This work has as general objective, to seek the contribution of the philosophical foundations in the construction of the concept of State Law in the Philosophy of sec. XVI and XVII. To do so, we must also describe how Rousseau and Locke understood the right of state; To identify the influence of Rousseau and Locke in the population of his time; and, Show that the influences of these thinkers contribute in the society of today. This research will be of an eminently bibliographic nature, since it is a re-reading of the main works of each author, as well as a research to articles that deal with the subject, giving a theoretical basis for it. Nader (2014: 1) explains that “Philosophy has three classes of thinkers: philosophers, jurists and jurisfilosophists.” Already Limongi cited by Ramos; Melo; Flateschi (2015, p. 97) explains that “[...] the term Contractualism means any theory that thinks that the origin of society and political power is in a contract, a tacit or explicit agreement between those who accept to be part society and submit to that power. “ With qualitative research, they are exploratory, that is, they stimulate the interviewees to think freely about some theme, object or concept. They emerge subjective aspects and attain motivations that are not explicit, or even conscious, spontaneously. The method used will be the hypothetico-deductive, that is, science is hypothetical and provisional, not episteme or definitive knowledge, as empiricism or indutivism. In addition to the Hermeneutics of the texts of the philosophers indicated above. In analyzing the data, confront the ideas of the authors objects of study with the government and state plans that are coordinating or being developed in our society.

Temporalities in Friction: Planning and Temporal Violence in the Ecuadorian Amazon

In the light of global challenges like climate change, the energy transition, and biodiversity loss, the possibility of a future ‘otherwise’ seems to shrink. The Amazon denominated “the lungs of the Earth” is a focal point in these discussions as its future is not just important to the (Indigenous) people who live there, but to humanity itself. As the past and the present of the Amazon are rather marked by violent encounters and an intensification of extractive endeavors, this article considers how these violent structures persist across time, but also how they can be broken up and transformed. Therefore, the concept of “temporal violence” is introduced, on the one hand, to grasp the enduring structures of violence that creep into future timespaces through (state) planning, and, on the other hand, to underline that this violence is just one possible future out of a multiplicity of futures – it potentially can be temporary. Merging the anthropological insights of the experiences of Indigenous grassroots organizations in planning their futures with critical futures studies, this article explores the possibilities of alternative futures to materialize. To this end, planning as a mechanism of power with both violent and subversive qualities is discussed. The central inquiry raised by this article is, hence, how planning can be an instrument for decolonization, challenging and altering relations of violence.

SCHEDULED TRIBES AND EDUCATION: A STUDY ON GAJAPATI DISTRICT OF ODISHA

The objective of the paper is to study the status of education among the scheduled tribes of Gajapati district. The study is based on primary and secondary data. Primary data collected from 02 blocks viz., Mohana and R.Udayagiri block under the Gajapati district in 2021. The analysis is based on Demographic variables i.e., size of households and Literacy level; educational variables i.e., illiterate, literate without formal schooling, literate below primary, primary education, middle education, secondary education, higher secondary education, diploma/ certificate course, graduation, post graduation, post graduate and above and health parameters like Medical facility in Gajapati district using descriptive statistics ( mean, standard deviation) correlation and bar charts. Tribal education level is very low, no basic facilities, lack of infrastructure, no sustainable livelihood; economic insecurity of tribals all these problems may eradicate through the tribal sub-plan. The Tribal sub plan is a strategic plan; it was introduced by the Government of India, for the quick socio economic development of Tribal people in India. Through the Annual Plans of State and Union Territory grants are given under the TSP in the Proportion size of population. The TSP strategy consists of two pronged approaches viz. (1) socioeconomic development of tribals (2) protection of tribals against exploitation. This strategy was the result of consultations among anthropologists, NGOs, development administrators and policy makers. KEY WORDS: Tribal sub-plan, economic security, infrastructure, education

Water desalination in Egypt; literature review and assessment

The increasing demand for water in urban and industrial areas in arid and semiarid coastal zones has led to the search for alternative nonconventional water resources.. Desalination plants are the most feasible solution to the huge water demand in arid regions, especially in Egypt, with its limited water resources of the Nile River and expected drought due to climate change and upstream dam construction. Many desalination technologies, such as thermal and membrane technologies, are used. Thermal desalination includes multistage flash desalination, multi-effect desalination, and desalination by vapor compression. Membrane desalination involves RO, forward osmosis, and electro dialysis. (RO) desalination plants are the most significant technique for desalinated water in Egypt. However, the treatment of brine wastewater is still a challenging problem. Hypersaline water effluent, as a byproduct of seawater desalination, has a negative impact on the marine ecosystem if it is discharged inadequately. In the past decade, Egypt has launched many large-scale projects along Red Sea and Mediterranean coasts to cope the recent economic growth. In this research a review of taxonomy of many related publications, and comparison has been made between the different seawater desalination techniques to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, as well as to know the best technology that can be used in Egypt. The Egyptian state's plan to address the excessive demand for water resources as a result of the continuous population growth was reviewed by making a strategic plan for 30 years. It was divided into five-year plans, some parts of which have been completed, and the rest of the plan is being completed to present significant comparisons and enable the derivation of informative conclusions.

For UW Health, Health Plan Ownership Provides Financial Stability.

For health systems seeking a path forward and upward in a value-based environment, ownership of a health plan can yield many positives, including a chance to drive value-based care, financial margin improvement, and opportunities for rewarding partnerships. However, being both a payer and a provider-a "payvider"-can make extraordinary demands on both the health system and health plan. Developing this hybrid business has been a learning experience for UW Health, an academic medical center that, like others in academic healthcare, was built on a fee-for-service model. Today, UW Health is a majority owner of what has become the state's largest provider-owned health plan. As illustrated here, health plan ownership is not for every system. The burdens are heavy. But for UW Health, it is an important component of both mission and margin.

Contribution of the Chinese Military-Industrial Complex to the "Made in China 2025" State Plan

Contribution of the Chinese Military-Industrial Complex to the "Made in China 2025" State Plan

Comrades in the family? Soviet communism and demand for family insurance

AbstractWe study how exposure to (Soviet) communism (EC), a political‐economic regime based on collectivist state planning, affected the preferences for family support, which we refer to as informal family insurance. Against the backdrop that ‘communism gave rise to the abolition of the family’, we document that it actually strengthened the preference (the demand) for informal family insurance without depressing individuals' preferences for social insurance. We exploit cross‐country and cohort variation in EC on more than 314,000 individuals living in 33 Central and Eastern European countries, among which 14 had been subject to communist regimes. We estimate that EC gave rise to 9.6 percentage point (pp) increase in the preference for family care for older parent and 4.3 pp increase in the support (both financial and nonfinancial) for children. These effects are explained by the strengthening of social and family networks that resulted from the erosion of generalized, interpersonal and institutional trust, rather than by ‘indoctrination effects’ during Soviet communism times.

Climate Change Policies and Older Adults: An Analysis of States' Climate Adaptation Plans.

As climate change drives more frequent and intense weather events, older adults face disproportionate impacts, including having the highest mortality rates from storms, wildfires, flooding, and heat waves. State governments are critical in deploying local resources to help address climate change impacts. This policy study analyzes states' climate adaptation plans to assess the methods through which they address the impact of climate change on older adults. This study uses content analysis to analyze available climate change adaptation plans for all U.S. states for strategies designed to increase the resilience of older adults to the impacts of climate change. A total of 19 states have climate adaptation plans, of which 18 describe older adults as a population group with specific health impacts and risk factors. There are 4 categories of adaptation strategies for older adults that includes communications, transportation, housing, and emergency services. State plans vary in terms of the risk factors and adaptation strategies included. To varying degrees, states' climate change adaptation planning addresses health, social, and economic risks specific to older adults, as well as strategies for mitigating those risks. As global warming continues, collaborations between public and private sectors and across regions will be needed to prevent negative outcomes such as forced relocation and other social and economic disruptions as well as disparate morbidity and mortality.

Increasing Equity and Inclusion in Nutrition Services for Older Adults

The latest version of the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (OAANP) enacted in 2020 targets those most at risk of nutritional deficiencies, social isolation, and institutionalization. Racial, ethnic, cultural, and sexual minority populations are at high risk for all 3, and yet, these populations are underrepresented in the OAANP. To reach people at risk in neighborhoods with high racial and ethnic diversity, outreach, targeting, and retention are essential. This article synthesizes information obtained through peer-reviewed and gray literature, telephone interviews of nutrition leads/directors of 9 state units on aging, and online review of state plans to present approaches and best practices in increasing equity and inclusion in the OAANP and in other similar programs.

The impact of air pollution on urban land price and willingness to pay for clean air - Evidence from micro level land transactions in China

We investigate the impact of air pollution on land prices by combining Chinese micro level land transaction data and PM2.5 concentrations grid data, and evaluate the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for clean air through the hedonic price model. The empirical results show that air quality improvement significantly increases the land unit price, and the MWTP value for clean air is estimated to be USD 32.08–33.13/m2 after controlling for variables related to both parcel characteristics and a series of facilities of general interest. Considering the differences in terms of different land use types and administrative levels of cities, the MWTP for clean air is found to exhibit significant heterogeneity both within and between cities. Specifically, the MWTP value of commercial and residential land is significantly higher than that of industrial land, and the value of ordinary prefecture-level cities is much lower than that of municipalities directly under the central government, cities specifically designated in the state plan and provincial capital cities. In addition, mechanism tests suggest that population mobility is a key channel through which changes in land prices reflect the value of clean air. This study provides a new idea for future use of hedonic price model to estimate willingness to pay for public goods such as clean air from the perspective of China's land transaction market, and also provides a reference for policy makers to formulate relevant policies.

‘A place for training, not for competition’: negotiations of competition and agency among long‐distance runners in Kenya

AbstractKenyan long‐distance runners have for decades famously dominated international athletic competitions. Most of the aspiring runners live and train in the highlands of northwest Kenya, in Elgeyo Marakwet County, where they have access to competitive peer groups of budding athletes and an elaborate infrastructure of camps, coaches, and managers. The most promising and successful ones travel abroad to take part in international races, only to quickly return and continue training in the ‘county of champions’. Meanwhile, Kenya is undergoing a rapid transformation, envisioned by the government's development plan, which promises to transform it into a ‘globally competitive and prosperous country’. On the surface, competition is a self‐explanatory notion that drives the transnational sports industry and the state's development plan. However, ethnography of the county's capital, Iten, and its community of athletes reveals tensions: Kenyans take up, negotiate, appropriate, and challenge meanings of competition offered by the state and the sports industry on ecological, gendered, and moral grounds. Ethnography of ideologies of competition in Iten, conceptualized as moral, aesthetic, and gendered projects, complicates accounts of competition as a tool for global neoliberal governance. It also provides an alternative to analyses of African subjects’ agency in global circulation of capital, people, and ideas, namely analyses subsumed under signs of marginality, dependence, and subjection.

Municipal Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management (MPI-SWM) in the state of Piauí: A portrait of Coastal Cities

The PMGIRS is an important instrument of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) that articulates the management of municipal waste with the state plan and the latter, in turn, dialogues with the national plan. It is through the evaluation of the PMGIRS that the municipal manager detects whether the plan meets the requirements of the PNRS and which local actions (municipal scope) have been successful towards the goals of the municipal plan. The objective was to evaluate the PMGIRS of the coastal cities of Piauí, according to what the PNRS prescribes. To meet the objective, we used the instrument for this purpose, which is composed of twenty-one indicators and four indices. The indicators of the municipalities were mostly evaluated as bad and with rates below the recommended by the literature. In general, the instrument's indicators point to the difficulty of municipalities in complying with what the PNRS recommends. The study brings theoretical and managerial contributions. In the theoretical field, it broadens the understanding of the situation of coastal municipalities, part of the tourist route made up of three states, belonging to an environmental protection area, located in the northeast of Brazil, in relation to the local management of their waste. In the managerial field, the findings serve as a subsidy for the PMGIRS review and as an indicator, at the state level, for the formulation of actions that mobilize managers to prepare the local plan and/or encourage them to create intermunicipal consortia with a focus on the destination adequate waste.
 Keywords: Waste. Cities. National Solid Waste Policy.