State-owned Research Articles

Spectroscopy of excited quarkonium states in the light-front quark model

Abstract We have investigated the ground state ($1S$), radially excited states ($2S$) and ($3S$) along with the orbitally excited state ($1P$) for the heavy charmonia ($c \bar c$) and bottomonia ($b \bar b$) mesons in the light-front quark model (LFQM). The light-front wave functions have been successful in explaining various physical properties of meson states in the past, especially for the $1S$ and $2S$ states. However, studies regarding the radially excited state $3S$ and orbitally excited state $1P$ have hardly been pursued before. In this study, we take up these two excited states and investigate the electromagnetic form factors (EMFFs), charge radii, decay constants, parton distribution functions (PDFs) and the distribution amplitudes (DAs) for the quarkonia system. For the sake of completeness, we have also included the study of the ground and the first excited states of quarkonia mesons. We have also illustrated the 3D wave functions for the radially excited states in order to study their nodal structures. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.

The edge states of one-dimensional spin-$\frac{1}{2}$-like noninteracting periodic systems under the most compactly supported Wannier-type functions

Abstract A hallmark of topological insulators is topologically protected edge states, which are determined by topological invariants defined under Bloch functions. Of course, not all edge states are stable, and they are independent of topological invariants. And in a recent study, it was found that even stable protected gapless edge states cannot be explained by topological invariants in two-dimensional (2D) systems. Motivated by this idea, we carried out a thorough study in one-dimensional (1D) spin-$\frac{1}{2}$-like noninteracting periodic systems and found that all edge states can be explained by the most compactly supported Wannier-type functions (MCWTFs). All the answers are contained in the flat-band Hamiltonian defined by MCWTFs. Edge states can be obtained by solving special equations using the parameters of MCWTFs. Symmetries are the special solutions of these equations, and we have proved the relationship between zero-energy edge states and symmetry analytically in partial cases, which was only a well-known result in the past. By solving the equations, we also find that not all zero-energy edge states are determined by symmetry, which is beyond the current framework. Through numerical verification, we show that these zero-energy edge states, like those protected by symmetry, are not affected by the energy spectrum of the system, so they are only related to the Bloch functions. We also derive special properties of zero-energy edge states protected by chiral symmetry from the perspective of MCWTFs, which are consistent with the previous literature. Finally, we do a test in the 2D case and find the connection between the Chern number and the Wannier functions. Our results show that compared with topological invariants, the origin of the edge state can be understood more comprehensively from the perspective of Wannier functions.

Eigenstate plateau transition and equilibration in one-dimensional quantum lattice models

We report a remarkable spectral phenomenon in a generic quantum lattice gas model. As the interaction strength increases, eigenstates spontaneously reorganize, leading to plateaus in the interaction energy. Gaps between plateaus can emerge similarly to continuous phase transitions. Our perturbation analysis indicates that, aside from these gaps, the plateau structure of the spectrum remains stable in the thermodynamic limit. The structured spectrum naturally manifests in far-from-equilibrium dynamics, exhibiting multiple stages. Our findings reveal a connection between emergent properties in high-energy states and equilibration dynamics in closed quantum systems, offering insights into the impact of interactions across the entire energy spectrum. These results directly relate to experiments probing equilibration in quantum spin systems and lattice gases. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Violent peace: effigies and the marking of the Armistice in Britain

ABSTRACT This article examines how effigies were used in Britain after the signing of the Armistice in November 1918. Effigies of Kaiser Wilhelm, the Crown Prince and members of the German High Command were paraded through the streets of villages, towns and cities as part of celebrations for the cessation of hostilities. These figures were physically and verbally abused, hanged on gibbets, displayed from shop windows, placed on trial and ‘executed’ by hanging and public burning. The violence that these effigies were subjected to is significant as it indicates the way the brutality of the war became part of civic life but it also demonstrates how civilians returned public spaces to public life. The war brought greater control of civic society by the operation of government to mobilise individuals and communities for the war effort. The carnivalesque celebrations that marked the end of the war was a means of acknowledging victory but also formed a means of dissent against the operation of power. Whilst these moments were fleeting and some harked back to traditional forms of celebration, the use of effigies transformed wartime spaces back into public ownership.

Pengaruh Solvabilitas, Profitabilitas, Kepemilikan Institusional, Dewan Komisaris Independen, dan Kepemilikan Publik terhadap Pengungkapan Manajemen Risiko: Studi pada Perusahaan Sub-sektor Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2018-2022

The object of this research is a banking sub-sector company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2022. This study aims to determine the effect of leevrage, profitability, institutional ownership, independent board of commissioners, and public ownership as independent variables and risk management disclosure as the dependent variable. This study used 35 companies, so there were a total of 175 samples used. The study used purposive sampling as a sample selection method used for the selection of certain criteria. This study applied descriptive statistical analysis method and panel data regression analysis. The results of this study show that all variables simultaneously influence risk management disclosure. Meanwhile, leverage, profitability, and independent board of commissioners each have no effect. Meanwhile, institutional ownership and public ownership positively affect risk management disclosure.

Analysis of the Russian market of educational programs in the field of additional professional education for specialists of pharmaceutical companies

Abstract Aim conduct an analysis of the Russian market of educational programs in the field of additional professional education for specialists of pharmaceutical companies. Material and methods. The analysis of the market of educational programs was based on the data of the annual reporting of a number of institutions of higher education (reports on the results of the annual self-examination, reports on the results of activities and on the use of assigned state property, monitoring in the main areas of the educational institution of higher education, information and analytical materials based on the results of monitoring the effectiveness of activities educational institutions of higher education) for the period from 2017 to 2021. Based on data obtained, the share indicators of educational organizations in the Russian market of educational services in the field of additional education for specialists of pharmaceutical enterprises were determined. The share indicator was used to determine the concentration of educational services and the level of competition in the market using the concentration index and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. In addition, during the work, such methods of analysis as generalization, methods of logical, systemic and comparative analysis, expert forecasting were used. Results. Based on the analysis, data were obtained on the profitability of the market for additional professional education services for pharmaceutical industry specialists; the presence of a high level of concentration of educational services in the market of additional professional education with a slight level of competition was established; the features of the implementation of additional professional training for specialists in the pharmaceutical industry are determined. Conclusion. The importance of additional professional education for specialists in the pharmaceutical industry has been confirmed. The further direction of development of the sphere of additional professional education for workers of pharmaceutical enterprises has been determined. The increase in the Russian market of additional educational programs based on current data on the development of the industry was justified. Recommendations have been formulated to expand the currently implemented programs of additional professional education based on the growing needs of the pharmaceutical market.

State ownership, political connection and ESG performance

State ownership, political connection and ESG performance

Churches with Historical Monument Status in the Republic of Moldova: Between State Ownership and Ecclesiastical Property

The article examines the difficulties faced by religious communities under the Metropolis of Moldova (Russian Patriarchate) in their process of joining the Metropolis of Bessarabia (Romanian Patriarchate), within the context of Law no. 125/2007. The main obstacle is related to property rights over historical ecclesiastical buildings. An example is the 2003 case where the property rights of the community in Camencea were registered under the name of the Metropolis of Moldova. In 2002, the government in Chișinău adopted Decision no. 740 to prevent the legalization of the Metropolis of Bessarabia’s places of worship. The decision was challenged in the Constitutional Court, which suspended the examination of the constitutionality of the normative act.

Designing dicationic organic salts and ionic liquids exhibiting high fluorescence in the solid state

Dicationic ionic liquids (DILs) are emerging as a powerful, next-generation approach to designing applied ILs because of their superior physicochemical properties as well as their diverse complexity and tunability for task specific applications. DILs are scarce in the literature compared to monocationic ILs (MILs), and one of their main issues is their expected tendency to possess higher melting temperatures. A series of 1,4-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzene and 1,4-bis[2-(2-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzene quaternary salts (Q-BPEBs) with different counterions (bromide, tosylate, and triflimide) and carbon chain lengths (C6, C9, and C12) have been synthesized for their potential as DILs with thermal properties and strong photoluminescent properties in the solid state. All Q-BPEB salts demonstrated robust thermal stabilities as determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms for Q-BPEB tosylates and triflimides displayed crystalline polymorphisms before melting transitions as verified by polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The Q-BPEB bromide and tosylate salts all showed high melting points of above >170 °C because of their dicationic rigid structures and strong ionic interactions of their anions. Once the Q-BPEB tosylates were exchanged with triflimide ions, para- isomers 1aTf2N-1cTf2N still possessed very high melting points (>225 °C), however, the ortho- isomers 2aTf2N, 2bTf2N, and 2cTf2N exhibited melting points lower than 100 °C, classifying them as DILs. Their photoluminescent properties were also studied in methanol with the emission values of λem = 476-482 nm for the para- isomers and those of λem = 448-453 nm for the ortho- isomers. In the solid state, the Q-BPEB salts exhibited strong fluorescence with quantum yields of up to 50%. The relatively simple synthesis of these fluorescent dicationic organic salts and ILs are pertinent towards the scarcity of these materials in the literature and provide a deeper insight on the design of fluorescent ILs containing more than one charge center.

Supramolecular Control of Helicene Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emitters in Molecular Solids and Bright Nanoparticles

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from chiral molecules is attracting much attention due to its potential use in optical materials. However, formulation of CPL emitters as molecular solids typically deteriorates photophysical properties in the aggregated state leading to quenching and unpredictable changes in CPL behavior impeding materials development. To circumvent these shortcomings, a supramolecular approach can be used to isolate cationic dyes in a lattice of cyanostar‐anion complexes that suppress aggregation‐caused quenching and which we hypothesize can preserve the synthetically‐crafted chiroptical properties. Herein, we verify that supramolecular assembly of small‐molecule ionic isolation lattices (SMILES) allows translation of molecular ECD and CPL properties to solids. A series of cationic helicenes that display increasing chiroptical response is investigated. Crystal structures of three different packing motifs all show spatial isolation of dyes by the anion complexes. We observe the photophysical and chiroptical properties of all helicenes are seamlessly translated to water soluble nanoparticles by the SMILES method. Also, a DMQA helicene is used as FRET acceptor in SMILES nanoparticles of intensely absorbing rhodamine antennae to generate an 18‐fold boost in CPL brightness. These features offer promise for reliably accessing bright materials with programmable CPL properties.

Understanding the mechano-fluorochromic enhancement in a cyanoethylene-functionalized pyrene-based luminogen: an experimental and theoretical study

Pyrene-based luminogens have attracted wide attention due to their promising applications in organic electronics, chemical sensing, and bioimaging. In this study, a cyanoethylene-functionalized pyrene-based luminogen CNPyCH3 was designed and synthesized. Experimental results show that CNPyCH3 exhibits distinct photophysical properties in dilute solution and various solid states. The mechano-fluorochromic (MFC) property is more attractive and interesting, as a red shift with enhanced emission was observed upon mechanical stimulation. The intriguing MFC enhancement behavior was further investigated by in-depth theoretical calculations combining Monte Carlo simulations, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, and time-dependent density functional theory. It was found that the calculated emission wavelengths for both pristine and ground CNPyCH3 are in good agreement with the experimental values, and that the ground CNPyCH3 has a greater oscillator strength. From the perspective of intermolecular interactions, the weakened π-π interactions induced by the half-switched “face-to-edge” packing modes are beneficial for achieving brighter emission upon grinding. In terms of intramolecular structures, the ground CNPyCH3 has a more planar conformation around the cyanoethylene moiety in the excited-state equilibrium geometry than the pristine CNPyCH3, resulting in the grinding-induced red-shifted emission. Our study provides a unique insight into the MFC enhancement behavior of the pyrene-based luminogens.

Transmission characteristics of vortex light superposition in atmospheric turbulence disturbed by plane acoustic waves

Herein, we derive the expression for the atmospheric refractive index structure constant under the influence of planar acoustic wave perturbations under the influence of the acoustic field on the refractive index and energy of the atmosphere. Utilizing the low-frequency compensated power spectrum inversion technique, we simulate the refractive index power spectrum of atmospheric turbulence perturbed by a planar acoustic wave. Numerical analysis is conducted on the transmission characteristics of the vortex light superposition states in atmospheric turbulence perturbed by a plane acoustic wave under different acoustic wave transmission heights, acoustic pressure amplitudes, and frequencies. Results indicate that introducing an acoustic field induces fluctuations in the atmospheric refractive index structure constant, with a more pronounced impact on the refractive index than on energy. Compared with the sole consideration of the impact of the acoustic field on the atmospheric refractive index, incorporating its effect on atmospheric energy results in a decrease in the atmospheric refractive index structure constant. The impact of the acoustic field on atmospheric turbulence is directly proportional to both acoustic pressure amplitude and frequency. The influence of the acoustic field on the transmission properties of the vortex optical superposition state varies with different acoustic transmission distances. Consequently, the transmission characteristics of the vortex light superposition state can be actively modulated according to varying acoustic wave transmission distances. This study offers a theoretical basis for modulating the optical field transmission characteristics via acoustic fields.

Novel B6P6X (X=As, Sb) monolayers for antiferromagnetic spintronics and hydrogen storage

Embedding foreign atoms into porous two-dimensional (2D) materials has emerged as a promising strategy to tailor their electronic, magnetic, and adsorption properties, enabling promising applications in energy storage and spintronics devices. In this work, spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to investigate the ground state properties and hydrogen (H2) storage of interstitially X = As and Sb atom doped B6P6 (B6P6X) graphenylene monolayers. The resulting B6P6X (X = As, Sb) monolayers exhibit very good mechanical, dynamical, and thermal stabilities with antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground states. Electronic structure calculations reveal AFM semiconducting behavior for both monolayers, with indirect/direct band gaps of 0.71/0.60 eV (PBE) and 2.19/2.14 eV (HSE06) for B6P6As/B6P6Sb, respectively. All B6P6X monolayers exhibit an in-plane easy magnetization axis. The obtained Berezinskii-Kosterlitz–Thouless transition (BKT) temperature value of B6P6Sb monolayer is 268.74 K. Furthermore, the H2 storage capabilities of these B6P6X monolayers were examined. We find that B6P6As and B6P6Sb monolayers can each adsorb up to 48H2 molecules with an average adsorption energy (Ea) of -0.14 eV/H2. The corresponding H2 storage gravimetric capacities are 6.91 wt% for B6P6As@48H2 and 6.10 wt% for B6P6As@48H2, surpassing the U.S. Department of Energy’s 2025 target of 5.50 wt%. These findings highlighting the potential of B6P6X (X = As, Sb) monolayers for AFM spintronics and H2 storage applications.

Novel Tl2SnX6 (X=Cl,Br) Double Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications: A DFT Insight

New double perovskites Tl2SnCl6 and Tl2SnBr6 have been computationally investigated for the first time to determine their structural, mechanical, and optoelectronic properties. The calculations were carried out using Density Functional Theory (DFT), implemented in the Quantum Espresso and Thermo_pw codes. DFT is a theoretical framework used to accurately predict the ground state properties of quantum many-body systems ranging from atoms to condensed matter systems. The results indicated that Tl2SnCl6 and Tl2SnBr6 possess equilibrium lattice parameters of 10.28 Å and 10.77 Å, respectively. Their negative formation energy ensures chemical stability while their positive elastic tensors imply mechanical stability, which is also confirmed by the fulfillment of the Born-Huang stability criteria. Analysis of their Poisson’s and Pugh’s ratio suggested that the materials are brittle but Tl2SnCl6 was estimated to be ductile in some directions. The materials were found to possess semiconducting behavior with bandgap of 1.19 eV (1.48 eV) and 2.48 eV (2.84 eV) for Tl2SnBr6 and Tl2SnCl6, respectively, using the PBE (SCAN) functionals. The calculated optical characteristics indicated that both Tl2SnCl6 and Tl2SnBr6 exhibit remarkable optical properties including significantly high absorption coefficient and low reflectivity, rendering their potential as light absorbers. In particular, with an ideal band gap of 1.48 eV and strong absorption in the visible region of the solar spectra, Tl2SnBr6 is predicted to be an excellent absorber for perovskite solar cells.

Tithe, One-Fifth, One-Third, One-Half: Preliminary Notes On The Wider Scope of Agrarian Relations in Ottoman Bosnia in the Classic Period

Thus far, in dealing with the issue of agrarian relations in 16th-century Otto- man Bosnia the focus has been on the miri land regime, that is, on the state ownership, with a concession made for a different type like the vakıf or mülk land. Some attention was occasionally paid to phenomena such as land lease in the early phase, lump-sum paying, and gradual spread of çiftliks as an occurrence that was running against the classic regime and the like. Thereby a simple fact was overlooked, i.e., the “silent”, but necessary presence of a kind of relationship that must have coexisted with the miri regime without contradicting it. This was the very important fact rooted in the question of the volume of agrarian output, mainly the grain. From village to village the grain to people ratio was uneven: sometimes there was enough per capita, but often it was much above or much below the needs of the community as expressed by the social minimum. Here opens the possibility of taking the “surplus” in the shape of a rate higher than the tithe (or one eight) on the basis of private agreement, outside the scope of the Sacred Law. In order to present this matter in broader outline a comparison was necessary with other parts of the Empire (East Central Anatolia, Southern Syria and Palestine) where rates up to one half of the produce were in vigor according to local regulations with religious approval. The apparently diametrically opposite to each other, the two ap- proaches had still much in common “here” and “there”.

Polyfluorene-based conjugated nanocomposites with in-situ gold nanoparticles: Synthesis via rational chemical passivation and characterization of supramolecular fibrillar structures

We present a rational and innovative chemical approach for synthesizing and characterizing conjugated polymer nanocomposites as direct passivation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), highlighting intrinsic morphologies and distinct photophysical properties in the solid state. The pioneering synthesis of polyfluorene with thiol, LaPPS79.10, revolutionized its application as a direct passivator of AuNPs, resulting in stable nanocomposites with the capacity for storage in the dry state and subsequent redispersion in organic solvent. The presence of AuNPs with average diameters of 3.5 ± 1.3 nm induced the formation of an interconnected fibrillar supramolecular network (ribbon-like) and several microdomains in the nanocomposite (LaPPS79.10+AuNPs), correlated by XRD, TEM and SEM measurements. Characterization of the polyfluorene precursor derivative, LaPPS10, revealed bundle-like morphologies with aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Introducing thiol groups into the intermediate structure induced polymer chain organization (LaPPS79.10), leading to unique straw-like and lenticular bundle morphologies, disrupting the non-planar π-π packing and quenching the emission, a case of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). In LaPPS79.10+AuNPs, the proximity of the π system to the Au localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) resulted in high absorption, negligible self-absorption, and efficient emission quenching, as well as improved thermal resistance compared to the original polymer. The unprecedented discovery of the properties resulting from the electronic interaction between the π system of the AuNPs passivating polymer and the effects of plasmonic resonance represents a significant advance in nanoscience, opening new perspectives for exciting applications in organic photovoltaic devices and metamaterials.

Does state affiliation create information advantage to financial analysts

PurposeRecent studies have documented the significant influence of investment bank relationships on the forecast accuracy of affiliated analysts. However, the literature primarily focuses on investment bank-firm relationships, such as whether the investment bank has underwriter or lending relationships with firms. Little attention has been paid to the impact of investment bank-state relationships. To fill this gap in the literature, this paper investigates whether investment bank-state relationships create an information advantage for affiliated analysts.Design/methodology/approachWe empirically test the information advantage of state-affiliated analysts using a large sample of analyst forecasts from China spanning the period 2008 to 2020. Specifically, we investigate whether state-affiliated analysts issue more accurate and timely forecasts around macro events. To address endogeneity concerns, we examine instances where analysts move between state-affiliated and non-affiliated banks, as well as changes in the controlling structure of investment banks.FindingsWe find that state-affiliated analysts demonstrate greater accuracy in forecasts driven by macro events, indicating their information advantage. This effect is more pronounced under conditions of heightened economic policy uncertainty and closer ties between investment banks and the state. After transitioning to a non-state-affiliated investment bank, analysts no longer maintain the ability to make superior macro-event-driven forecasts. Conversely, when the investment bank's affiliation changes from non-state to state, financial analysts gain an information advantage following the establishment of new state affiliation. Additionally, state-affiliated analysts tend to issue more assertive forecasts in response to macro events, which are subsequently echoed by their peers. Furthermore, this information advantage is recognized by investors, enhancing stock price informativeness.Originality/valueFirstly, we contribute to the literature on the economic implications of state ownership in financial intermediaries. Secondly, we enrich the existing literature on financial analysts by acknowledging the pivotal role of investment bank relationships in shaping analysts' behaviors. Lastly, unlike existing literature that treats forecasts driven by macroeconomic events and those influenced by firm-specific events as a homogeneous category, this study contributes to the literature by innovatively categorizing analyst forecasts into two distinct types.

Sistem Informasi Geografis Pengukuran Bidang Tanah Menggunakan Metode Haversine Formula Pada Dinas Pertanahan Kabupaten Aceh Besar Berbasis Web

The Aceh Besar District Land Agency is a government agency that has the task of administering affairs in the agrarian or land and spatial planning sector in government to assist the president in administering state government. The Department of Land Affairs manages state property, namely land. Management is done by means of measurement. Measurements are usually done manually. This requires quite a long time because you have to take measurements by spreading a tape measure according to the plot of land and requiring more than one person to measure it. In this study, the calculation of land area uses the haversine formula method, the haversine formula is a method for determining the distance between two points by taking into account that the earth is not a flat plane but is a plane that has a degree of curvature. The haversine formula method calculates the distance between 2 points based on the length of the straight line between the 2 points on longitude and latitude. The system is designed web-based so that the results of a GIS-based application are obtained to be able to map and carry out land surveying measurements on digital images.

Cold and Liquid Crystal Properties of Square-Planar Copper(II) Versus Nickel(II)- Iminophenolate/Naphthalen-2-Olate Schiff Base Complexes.

Reaction of the phenolate or naphthalen-2-olate based Schiff base ligands, (E)-1-((2-ethylphenylimino)methyl)phenol (HL1) or (E)-1-((2-ethylphenylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (HL2) with nickel(II) and copper(II) acetate provides the complexes bis[(E)-1-((2-ethylphenylimino)methyl)phenolato-ĸ2N,O]Ni/Cu(II), [Ni(L1)2] (1) and [Cu(L1)2] (2), or bis[(E)-1-((2-ethylphenylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-olato-ĸ2N,O]Ni/Cu(II), [Ni(L2)2] (3) and [Cu(L2)2] (4), respectively. Single crystal X-ray structure determinations for 1, 3 and 4 reveal N2,O2-metal coordination of two chelating Schiff base ligands in a square-planar geometry. Powder X-ray diffractograms confirm the phase purity of the bulk microcrystalline samples. Thermal analyses by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized light microscopic (PLM) indicate the copper(II) complexes to exhibit cold crystal (2) and liquid crystal (4) property. Cyclic voltammograms suggest an irreversible electrochemical process with two one electron charge transfer processes in N,N-dimethylformamide. Variable temperature magnetic measurements at the solid-state prove the diamagnetic nature of the low-spin Ni2+ centres in 1 or 3, as expected from the square-planar coordination geometry with rather strong ligands. The complexes expose medium level of antioxidant activity in methanol. Optimized geometry and excited state property by DFT/TD-DFT correspond well to the experimental results of the electronic and molecular structure at the ground state.

Influence of Grinding Aids on the Grinding Performance and Rheological Properties of Cementitious Systems.

The cement industry is of great importance in terms of raw materials consumed, energy consumed, and greenhouse gases emitted. Grinding aids (GA) are used to reduce energy consumption and costs, as well as to reduce the amount of CO2 released into the environment. In this study, the effect of GA-polycarboxylate ether-based water-reducing admixture (PCE) compatibility on some fresh, rheological and hardened state properties of cementitious systems was investigated. In order to investigate the rheological properties and thixotropic behavior of the mixtures, a total of 51 cement paste mixtures were prepared, containing 4 different types (molasses, MEG, DEA and ethanol) and ratios (0.025, 0.05, 0.75 and 0.1) of GAs and 2 different ratios (0.08% and 0.16%) of PCE in addition to the control mixture. In addition, the effect of the used GAs on the grinding efficiency and compressive strength value was investigated. Additionally, the predictability of the type of GA, dosage and cure time using the Taguchi method was investigated. It was determined that the highest grinding performance was obtained in mixtures containing MEG. It was determined that in cement paste mixtures containing GAs, the dynamic yield stress and viscosity values generally decrease with the increase in PCE usage rate up to a certain value, and these values may increase if the PCE usage increases further. It was determined that such behavior is not present in cement paste mixtures containing GAs and that the structural build-up value of the mixtures generally increases with the increase in the PCE admixture usage rate. It was determined that the use of GAs had a positive effect on 28-day compressive strength.