State Of Things Research Articles

Steady Habits in the Constitution State: Connecticut's Inequitable System of Representation, 1639–1965

Steady Habits in the Constitution State: Connecticut's Inequitable System of Representation, 1639–1965

Лексико-грамматические средства выражения интенсивности речевого воздействия в русско- и англоязычных социально-политических дебатах

The purpose of the study is to identify the functional potential of different-level means for expressing intensity of speech influence used by participants of the Russian-language and English-language socio-political debates (SPD). The article presents a detailed analysis of the lexical and morphological means that intensify speech influence of the statements made by SPD participants. Scientific novelty of the study lies in taking the functional approach to analysing linguistic means for expressing influence intensity in the speech of politicians participating in SPD. As a result, it is proved that SPD participants strive to influence the public, drawing its attention mainly to static attributes and qualities of objects and phenomena, the state of things at the moment.

Humanity: Existing Through “Affairs”

As human activity in the broad sense, affairs unfold through the entirety of the processes of human being. They are also intrinsic to each aspect of human being. Through affairs, humans create heaven and earth anew and thereby reconstruct being. Affairs are interconnected with action and manifest the essential human powers in which emotional attachments participate. The mark of action and the weight of emotional attachments, in sublating the original state of things and bestowing on them actuality, also give affairs diverse qualities. Affairs not only change objects; they also affect humans themselves. In the processes of “being capable in one’s affairs,” people also further “achieve their virtue.” The processes of enacting affairs both employ things and interact with other people, and behind human interactions with things lie the relations among persons. The unfolding of affairs thus occurs in the context of communicative interactions among humans and also constitutes the actual source of the formation of relations among them. Human being cannot be separated from concern for values and pursuit of meaning. As human activity, affairs also possess value content and are interrelated with the pursuit of meaning.

Volodymyr Shapovalov and Modern Kharkiv Art Ceramics

This article is an attempt to characterize the influence of Volodymyr Shapovalov and the Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts on the formation of the features of Kharkiv art ceramics in the late twentieth – early twenty-first century. The present article identifies and analyzes the nature of these features, which are an organic combination of scientific knowledge (philosophical, mathematical, technological) with the theory and practice of art. The thesis is that due to creative and pedagogical activity of Volodymyr Shapovalov, there is the only phenomenon in Ukraine, when the Academy, where the main emphasis is on the easel art and design, manages to organize a group of artists who have chosen ceramics as the main material for their creative pursuits and implementation. In fact, there emerges a school that demonstrates fundamentally different approaches to ceramics from those which are used in traditional pottery and ceramic schools. It is based on the “layering” of the work, the search for harmony in the embodiment of philosophical reflections and technological experiments in ceramics, on narrativity, on the attempt to understand the inner state of things. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the author’s method of mastering the theoretical and practical knowledge of ceramics. A certain set of special characteristics of Volodymyr Shapovalov’s creativity is defined and the presence of these features is clearly noticeable in the works of his students: Olexander Miroshnichenko, Olexey Podlipsky, Liza Mamay and Vyacheslav Pasynok. Volodymyr Shapovalov’s artistic language is considered in the context of a direct relationship with nature, close attention to detail, the application of scientific knowledge from various fields for creative and technological experiments in ceramics. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the place and role of Kharkiv art ceramics in the context of modern ceramology and Ukrainian art process.

Food chain, parasites and climate changes in the high Arctic: a case study on trophically transmitted parasites of common eider Somateria mollissima at Franz Josef Land

Assessment of the impact of climate change on the Arctic nearshore ecosystems requires knowledge of the “reference points”, that is, the state of things before the effects of the warming become pronounced. For parasites, which play an essential role in the nearshore ecosystems, this knowledge is scarce and fragmentary. This study, based on the materials collected at Franz Josef Land (FJL) in 1990–1993, partly fills this gap. We present the first data on the diet of the common eider Somateria mollissima at FJL, the transmission of helminths in its population and the infection of nearshore invertebrates with helminth larvae. We found that gastrointestinal helminth communities were impoverished (only ten species) and dominated by cestodes and acanthocephalans. This is associated with the prevalence of nearshore crustaceans, the intermediate hosts of these helminths, in the diet of the eiders. The absence of the vulnerable free-living larvae also facilitates transmission of helminths parasitizing eiders at FJL. Infection with helminths and the diet were different in ducklings and in adult birds as well as in eiders from different parts of the archipelago. The infection distribution of molluscs and crustaceans with helminth larvae was patchy and higher in the vicinity of the eider colonies. A high-infection intensity of FJL eiders with cestodes and acanthocephalans recorded in our study seems to have a certain negative effect on the bird population. Its significance is likely to grow considering that the transmission of helminths is promoted by the climate warming in the Arctic.

Питання менталітету в трансформаційних процесах постмодерністського суспільства

The paper deals with transforming social systems and their reflection in the concepts and models of the corresponding processes. A new approach to modelling and research of large social systems was proposed. The author emphasis's and describes qualitatively some aspects of the approach that are important for considering the transformation of society. The main feature of such systems is the following properties. Firstly, these systems operate in a small number of reasonably stable states. (In our approach, this is interpreted as so-called associative memory). Secondly, the evolution of such systems (actually, history for long periods) has an analogue in the learning process in models, when connections are established between the system elements. Furthermore, thirdly, the proposed approach was able to consider individuals’ internal properties (mentality) – participants in large social systems. New models of socio-economic systems are described, and an interpretation of their behaviour as trajectories on certain surfaces in the space of variables is given. The ways of transforming systems are explained: revolutionary, evolutionary and with a unique trajectory of transition. The classes are considered, into which the internal (mental) variables of individuals are divided. The internal representations of the individual from some slice of reality (in psychology, for example, this is called “internal plans”) are represented as a network of objects, concepts and the like, depending on the “object” and purpose of modelling. There are three networks (patterns, drawings) of descriptions: the actual state of affairs, presented in the form of a network; the state of things in the imagination of a particular individual and the desired (ideal) state of affairs in the imagination of a particular individual. The dynamics of changes in the parameters that characterize the individual depends on the state of the environment “externally” and on the “internal” mental variables and the above three ideas about the external environment. Adequate consideration of the external environment by representing and internal representations of surrounding individuals is possible. Such an approach is proposed when considering archetypes in the transformation of the social system. The problem of sustainable development of education and science systems is considered.

A user-centric intelligent context-aware system for realizing internet-of-things environments

In the near future, an Internet-of-things (IoT) environment will be realized across ubiquitous terminals such as computers and smartphones, supporting connections between people and machines. IoT platforms facilitate the deployment of various services to users; however, the information provided by these platforms is focused on the present state of things and environments. To realize a true IoT environment, there is a need for user-centric and seamless context-aware services as well as IoT control services based on environmental feedback. In this paper, we propose a dynamic mesh network configuration method to analyze real-time user context and provide seamless services, as well as a user context-aware abstraction mechanism. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, we simulate a parking system, and then compare the performance to the best effort method, finding that performance was significantly improved. Thus, we expect that seamless context-aware services will become possible through the application of such methods.

Biological Durability of Cross-Laminated Timber— The State of Things

Abstract Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a mass timber product that is gaining popularity in construction within North America. CLT is made up of wood, a building material of biological origin. Therefore, these materials are at a risk of decay upon intrusion of moisture, a situation that could lead to loss of confidence in the material. Ensuring durability and optimum performance of building elements throughout their expected service life will require an understanding of the potential for decay and the possible consequences. This paper reviews the various possibilities of moisture intrusion in CLT, their potential effects on the physical and mechanical properties of CLT, and ultimately the associated biological decay risks. The paper concludes by enumerating variables that are critical and should be evaluated to completely understand decay in CLT panels, stemming from a thorough review of previous studies and methods used to evaluate decay in mass timber.

Intersubjective approach to intentionality and internal objects

Intentionality — the orientation of mental states to objects (things, properties, states of things, events) — has been considered a hallmark of the psyche since Brentano’s time. In this article, we consider the problem of intentionality from the second-person approach, or the standpoint of intersubjectivity. Our analysis shows that intentionality is intrinsically projective. The projective nature of intentionality is related to internal objects that play a crucial role in fixing the person’s subjective experience and serve as a fulcrum in the development of the person. The internal object can be treated as a set of properties and tropes. The logic of intentionality proposed by Graham Priest and the theory of primary (that is, belonging to the Freudian system «unconscious») psychological attitudes developed by Linda Brakel created the preconditions for seman- tical analysis of projective intentionality. In the article, we rely on the logic of projective intentionality that reorients the resources of modal logics and semantics of possible worlds to the investigation and formalization of primary thinking. Considering the problem of mental existence within the framework of the second-person approach, we show that Wittgenstein’s reasoning about the «beetle in a box» does not refute the thesis of the privacy of mental meanings. Finally, involving the possible world semantics, we develop a neo-Aristotelian approach to the ontology of mental objects.

The Limits of National Film Histories and the Logic of Expansion

The Limits of National Film Histories and the Logic of Expansion Thomas Matusiak KEYWORDS National Cinema, Transnationalism, Film History, Film Theory, Modernity, Underdevelopment, Affect, Brazil, Argentina MAITE CONDE. Foundational Films: Early Cinema and Modernity in Brazil. U of California P, 2018, 310 pp. MATT LOSADA. The Projected Nation: Argentine Cinema and the Social Margins. SUNY P, 2018, 220 pp. CYNTHIA MARGARITA TOMPKINS. Affectual Erasure: Representations of Indigenous Peoples in Argentine Cinema. SUNY P, 2018, 398 pp. Tracing the Historical Turn In recent years, Latin American film studies in the United States has seen a steady output of monographs on national cinematic traditions that is due, in large part, to the genealogy of this young field and its relation to the broader discipline of film studies. Despite the region's long cinematic history, it was first introduced to the Anglophone academy in the 1970s through the New Latin American Cinema (NLAC).1 Latin American film studies began to congeal around two crucial assumptions that were characteristic of this movement: its object of study was, on the one hand, explicitly political—having its origins in Third Cinema and global projects of decolonization—and, on the other, regional. Robert Stam, Julianne Burton-Carvajal, Michael Chanan, and Ana M. López, among others, put Latin American cinema on the academic map in the United States through their work on the NLAC.2 Nevertheless, scholars soon began to question the limitations of this approach. Summarizing a decade of scholarship from the 1980s, López argued that early work on Latin American film confined itself to the contemporary politics of the [End Page 227] Third World and was thus ahistorical ("Setting up the Stage" 256). While this research demonstrated the growing interest in Latin America in film departments, scholars would need to historicize their object of study to justify the consolidation of Latin American film studies as an independent field. An initial emphasis on the radical critique of the Hollywood model by filmmakers such as Julio García Espinosa, Fernando Solanas, Octavio Getino, Fernando Birri, Jorge Sanjinés, and Glauber Rocha—to name only some of the most widely studied filmmakers of the NLAC—ignored decades of Latin American film history, especially its early cinema and commercial productions. The early critical construction of Latin American cinema as a regional and contemporary project was not entirely in step with the discipline of film studies. Mette Hjort and Scott MacKenzie note that as film studies began to institutionalize in the 1960s, nascent departments oriented themselves around national cinemas, taking as a model influential histories such as Siegfried Kracauer's account of German cinema in From Caligari to Hitler (2).3 Once Latin American film studies gained sufficient momentum to receive disciplinary recognition in the US academy—with the establishment of the Latino/a Caucus within the Society for Cinema Studies (today the Society for Cinema and Media Studies) in 1990 and the Film Studies section of the Latin American Studies Association in 2002—a research agenda aligned with the need for retroactive historical scholarship along predominantly national lines had taken hold (D'Lugo et al. 2).4 This did not preclude resistance to a national framework within the field, especially as a result of rampant globalization in the 1990s and subsequent debates surrounding the crisis of the nation (Stock). Despite such objections, the field insisted on the relevance of this model.5 Furthermore, by López's own estimation, this decade saw the field turn to historicization following pressure from the wider discipline of film studies, which had begun to experience a historical turn ("The State of Things" 198). National film histories offered the clearest path forward. Of course, researchers in Latin America had extensively documented the cinematic traditions of their respective countries for decades. Nevertheless, this scholarship remained untranslated and largely ignored in the United States.6 As the [End Page 228] field took its first steps, a noticeable rift emerged in which US-based scholars—grounded in film studies departments that, in turn, typically derived from literary studies—limited themselves to textual questions of politics and form, while scholars in Latin America concentrated on film history (López, "The State of Things" 199). This echoed the...

A Benedictine Education, John Henry Newman: The Mission of St. Benedict & the Benedictine Schools ed. by Christopher Fisher

Reviewed by: A Benedictine Education, John Henry Newman: The Mission of St. Benedict & the Benedictine Schoolsed. by Christopher Fisher Mary Katherine Tillman A Benedictine Education, John Henry Newman: The Mission of St. Benedict & the Benedictine SchoolsEDITED BY CHRISTOPHER FISHER, INTERPRETIVE ESSAY BY ABBOT THOMAS FRERKING, OSB Cluny Mediaedition, 2020. 260 pages. Paper: $22.95. ISBN: 9781952826191. Thanks to this new and attractive Cluny Media paperback, Newman's all-but-unknown Benedictine Essays, "The Mission of Saint Benedict" and "The Benedictine Schools," are again seeing the light of day. 1This welcome republication of Newman's Essaysis followed by Benedictine Abbot Thomas Frerking's extraordinary narrative of monastic ascendancy within Christian salvation history. Christopher Fisher composed the preface and is also the volume's editor. Additionally, Fisher is the Executive Director of the Portsmouth Institute for Faith and Culture, which offers an encounter with monastic humanism according to the charism of St. Benedict. In her introduction, "The Benedictine Charism as Poetry," Margarita A. Mooney, the founder of the Scala Foundation and advocate for integral humanism, praises Benedictine education as nurturing "the creative intuition that is the engine and fruit of poetic knowledge" (xviii). Rather immediately after Newman became a Catholic in 1845, in the small Maryvale community where he and his convert companions were contemplating their vocational future, there was talk of joining a religious congregation. Among those under consideration were the Dominicans, with a divinity school in England, and the Jesuits, whom Newman especially admired because of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius, which he had practiced as an Anglican. Accordingly, when Newman was in Rome for studies and ordination as a Catholic priest (1847), he spent a good deal of time exploring the histories and charisms of the various religious communities, and even visited some of their houses. Gradually the Oratorian prospect prevailed. Fr. Placid Murray, OSB significantly observed: It would seem then that what Newman got hold of around Christmas 1846 and the following weeks in Rome, was the ideaof the Oratory, rather than any practical existing model of an Oratory which could have been transplanted from Italy to a mid-nineteenth-century English town. 2 [End Page 157] A year after his ordination, Newman brought St. Philip's Congregation of the Oratory to England. In honor of the Birmingham Oratory's first anniversary, he delivered two sermons preached three days apart, both on "The Mission of St. Philip Neri," the sixteenth-century founder of the Oratorians. 3The first sermon described St. Philip's times: "the state of things in Florence and in Rome" where he was born, raised, and educated. 4 In the second sermon, Newman spoke of St. Philip's formation of mind and the strong influences that stayed his course until his death in Rome at the age of eighty. Here Newman introduced the structuring theme he would adopt and develop more fully in the "Benedictine Essays." St. Philip grew, Newman says, into "the breadth of view of St. Dominic, the poetry of St. Benedict, the wisdom of St. Ignatius." 5And again, St. Philip "learned from Benedict what to be, and from Dominic what to do…. From Ignatius he learned how he was to do it." 6Newman saw "the cast and fashion" of St. Philip's interior life to be "Benedictine." 7 Written eight years after these sermons, the "Benedictine Essays" are structured thematically in the same way—that is, with the three saintly patriarchs—as they were in Newman's 1850 two-part sermon. However, instead of bringing to bear their threefold influence upon the successive stages of St. Philip's education, as in the sermons, the three patriarchs now represented the historic scope of Catholic education as a whole, according to Newman's view of the distinct missions of the three religious orders the patriarchs founded, the Benedictines, Dominicans, and Jesuits. The two "Benedictine Essays" originally appeared in the journal, The Atlantis: A Register of Literature and Science, which Newman, as founding president of the Catholic University of Ireland, instituted in 1858 specifically for publication of the fruits of his faculty's research. 8Appearing twice yearly in 1858 and 1859, and in 1862 and...

ПРОТИВОПОСТАВЛЕНИЕ В КАРИКАТУРЕ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ

The article has for an object to determine themes of the Great Patriotic War cartoons based on the contrast between of two pictures and to detect and describe aims that cartoonists try to achieve with help of the political cartoons under study. The author conducts research of the Great Patriotic War cartoons created by Kukryniksy, a group of caricaturists, which M.V. Kupriyanov, P.N. Krylov, and N.A. Sokolov belonged to. They often involved S.Ya. Marshak in the work on the verbal part of their political cartoons. Some of the political cartoons under study give an example of wholeness of his rhymes and the painter’s pictures. The author treats the political cartoon of the Great Patriotic War as a message that is addressed to the Russian language personality and is a polycode one, which presupposes that information, which caricaturists code into the cartoon, is a result of cooperation between iconic and verbal means. Using Yu.N. Karaulov’s idea about the structure of the language personality, the author describes the encoding-decoding process of political cartoons meaning, in forming of which codes of different semiotic systems take part, as projections onto different levels of the language personality where these projections activate a certain string of associative links. The analysis of the political cartoons under study made it possible to detect five themes discussed in them: change of the state of things, change of personage’s emotional state, personage’s intention and results of its realization, action-and-reaction, personage’s mask and his real identity. Describing the political cartoons, the author ascertains that, combining two pictures based on the contrast within the bounds of a political cartoon, the caricaturists fulfill specific range of tasks. (1) The contrast of pictures, which contain both similar and different elements, furthers directing and holding of addressee’s attention. The caricaturists stimulate the addressee of the message to an active search for similar and different elements on those pictures, which diverts the addressee. (2) The contrast in the political cartoon can produce comical effect or increase it. The more cloudless the situation is for the personage on the first picture, the clearer it is to everyone how abased he is on the second one. (3) The contrast of situations with different characteristics (the one in the past and another in the present / the real situation and its hypothetical projection) in a message in the form of a political cartoon can have an explanatory function. The evil depicted on the first picture serves as proof of rightfulness and necessity of counteraction to it. If the form of such counteraction is shown on the second picture, the message contains an indirect appeal to the addressee for his active counteraction to this evil. (4) The usage of contrast for discussion of the theme “personage’s mask and his real identity” enables to show the true face of him, to give his personality a certain estimate and to form addressee’s opinion of the characterized person.

Фотогения революции

Drawing on the works of three authors, namely, Jean Epstein, Auguste Villiers de l’Isle-Adam and P.A. Kropotkin, the article attempts to lay the grounds for what might be called a semiotics of forces. Jean Epstein, a filmmaker and theorist of the new art form, is the au­thor of an original concept of photogénie where cinema is presented as an instru­ment re­vealing the transformations of matter itself. Erupting Etna stands for the trans­formations in question. Villiers de l’Isle-Adam is a symbolist writer, who also mentions Etna, associat­ing its explosive power with the chemical formulas of explosives. These formulas, inte­grated into his “least literary” novella, become special signs of social transformation: The writer, challenging the entire class of bourgeoisie that he deeply detests, makes use of the fear incited by the anarchists amongst it. Finally, P.A. Kropotkin, one of the leading theo­rists of anarchism but also an outstanding scientist and geographer, insists on the priority of transformative action over theory and every other speculation. In fact, he proposes his own version of the performative – of words changing the existing state of things – already at the end of the 19th century. In one way or another, all these writers are united by their understanding of the inherent connection between natural and social disasters (Kropotkin’s position is explicit). Described by Epstein and only once mentioned by Villiers de l’Isle-Adam, Etna becomes an element of a correlation, i.e., of a connection that is unapparent and necessary at the same time. What is implied is the relation between volcano and cin­ema as well as that between volcano and explosives. In both cases this relation becomes the designation of matter itself or, to be more exact, of matter in a state of flux and trans­formation. But this is also true of transformative action in the proper sense of the word (re­sulting in revolution, according to Kropotkin), whose verbal expressions always carry within themselves the energy of multidirectional forces. Etna is not merely a volcano and not just an element of a correlation; from the perspective of physics, it is synonymous with heat (scorching lava), which stands for changes in the properties of a substance, i.e., its transformation in purely physical terms. It is clear that transformation in cinema, literature as well as in social life cannot be represented directly; it is revealed only through a set of relations, namely, a semiotics of forces.

Collaborative Futures: Arts Funding and Speculative Fictions

According to scholars of literary sociology, US arts institutions—from the federal government to the writers’ colony to the creative writing program—have been central to the shaping of US literature for the better part of a century. This paper offers a preliminary investigation of the global crowdfunding platform Kickstarter as an emerging arts institution. Drawing on Kim Stanley Robinson and Marina Abramović’s artistic collaboration as a case study, the paper argues that the appearance of the Marina Abramović Institute (MAI) in Robinson’s novel New York 2140 troubles the author’s stated generic commitments to “realist speculative fiction”—fiction that bases its vision of the future on the state of things in our present. In addition to furnishing uncertain conditions of production for the novel, Kickstarter’s funding model solicits short-form speculative fiction organized around neoliberal selfhood from its artists. With the assistance of Kickstarter’s networked platform, the MAI’s capital campaign reimagined private funding as public performance art, as dutiful civic engagement, and as reward for artists willing to narrate entrepreneurial optimism.

Девиантное поведение подростков как социально-педагогическая проблема

any progressive society takes care of its future, which implies controlled and planned development. The most important role in this task is played by adolescents and young people as a guarantor of the nearest changes and trends in the directions of development of society. The adolescent period of development is one of the most difficult because of going beyond thinking about yourself or about small areas of life, consisting only in performing simple tasks and approval from authorities. However, it is during in this period that a person asks questions about the general order and the world order, shows interest in the state of things in the world, structures much larger than his own personality, family or city.

Los pueblos indígenas son parte de la solución

La pandemia de coronavirus pone de manifiesto el modelo de sociedad que comenzó a imponerse a nivel mundial a partir del siglo XVII (de Souza Santos 2010). Una de las características esenciales de este modelo es la apropiación violenta y devastadora de la naturaleza, de los “bienes comunes”, de “nuestro hogar común”, de “nuestra madre tierra”, en términos de los pueblos indígenas, cuyos sistemas de valores/cosmovisiones/ontologías orientan las relaciones hacia la alteridad humana y no humana en términos de reciprocidad/don/protección y no de producción y apropiación depredatoria. De allí que aparezca la expresión “los pueblos indígenas son parte de la solución” para dar cuenta de que sus prácticas y conocimientos colectivos-comunitarios constituyen alternativas de vida que pueden aportar a la reducción de fenómenos como el calentamiento global, la pérdida de biodiversidad, la ocurrencia cada vez más frecuente de eventos climáticos extremos y el brote de epidemias y pandemias como la ocasionada por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Esta situación, que conmociona al mundo entero, nos convoca a aunar esfuerzos para enfrentar los nuevos desafíos que plantea y los viejos problemas que agudiza.
 En el caso de los pueblos indígenas de Argentina, los efectos de la pandemia han exacerbado las complejas situaciones que estos colectivos venían enfrentando en torno a la salud, la educación, el ambiente, la alimentación, el trabajo, el acceso a la información, la judicialización, la criminalización y el racismo. Esto plantea la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento de las formas en que se han agravado desigualdades preexistentes, a los fines de proponer medidas concretas para su atención. A su vez, las comunidades indígenas están cumpliendo con mucho esfuerzo la medida de Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio (ASPO) establecida por Decreto 297/2020, movilizando y desplegando saberes y prácticas colectivas-comunitarias ante la preocupación por adecuar su dinámica sociocultural a los requerimientos de este decreto. Elaboramos entonces el proyecto “Saberes y prácticas indígenas en un contexto de emergencia sanitaria: aportes a la salud, la educación y el ambiente en el marco de la planificación de estrategias de control, prevención y monitoreo del covid-19”, a los fines de profundizar en el conocimiento y evaluación del impacto del ASPO en los pueblos indígenas, pero también y fundamentalmente, para reconocer y registrar conocimientos y prácticas que -fundadas en el don y la reciprocidad- pueden constituir, en este estado de las cosas, un aporte a la resolución de problemáticas emergentes y al diseño e implementación de programas sociales que los involucren. Para ello hemos propuesto una metodología que prioriza el respeto y el compromiso con los sujetos junto a los cuales construimos conocimiento y, dados los sabidos condicionamientos que restringen hasta hoy la circulación y reunión de personas en todo el territorio nacional, la puesta en marcha de técnicas propias de una “etnografía digital” que nos permitirá alcanzar los objetivos propuestos respetando las medidas preventivas: observación y entrevistas “a distancia” mediadas por distintas tecnologías (plataformas de video conferencia, servicios de telefonía y mensajería instantánea, correos electrónicos, redes sociales, entre otras.).
 Los pueblos indígenas deben formar parte de la planificación de estrategias de control, prevención y monitoreo del COVID-19. No se puede y no se debe subestimar el valor de sus prácticas y conocimientos, que revisten una singular importancia en esta coyuntura de emergencia sanitaria, al representar otras posibles formas de “cuidarse entre todos”. Y, en este sentido, son esenciales también para encontrar soluciones a futuro, es decir, para pensar otras emergencias en la pospandemia.

Beyond the Sarajevo 1984 Olympicscape: An evaluation of the Olympic Villages

Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is a unique setting for studying Olympic legacy, a city that hosted XIV Winter Olympic Games in 1984 and only eight years after was home to the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare. Aiming to contribute to the debate on mega-events from an urban studies perspective, this research reconstructs one segment of the shared history of the Winter Olympic Games through the Sarajevo 1984 Olympics experience, and as such strengthens respect and understanding through trans-national practices. The concept of Olympic urbanization is engaged to probe the ways in which divergent concepts of modernization and socialist regime in Yugoslavia conditioned Sarajevo Olympic urbanization, territorial transformation, and architecture. Special attention is given to evaluation and critical re-imaging of the Sarajevo Olympic Villages within context of local urban and architectural concepts and of their functioning under the new state of things which has arisen since the 1984. Accordingly, the work shifts attention to tracing the spirit of Olympism and provides a critical analysis perspective on the changing nature of Sarajevo Olympic legacy discourse in line with the current framework of Olympic Games.

ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ ПОРЯДКУ ДЕННОГО ОСВІТНЬОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В УКРАЇНІ (1998 - 2014):

В даному дослідженні з’ясовується наявність та сила впливу одного актора на іншого під час формування порядку денного освітньої політики в Україні. Вивчення названого явища допомагає виявити характер відносин між акторами в підсистемі державної політики у сфері освіти. Окрім цього, також забезпечує емпіричну основу для формування теорій та нормативних оцінок дій влади. Зібрані за допомогою контент-аналізу емпіричні дані містять інформацію про розподіл уваги акторів між 67 проблемами освіти впродовж 1998 – 2014 років. Для виявлення та оцінки ефектів встановлення порядку денного як свідчення впливу акторів використано кореляційний та негативний біноміальний регресійний аналіз. В результаті дослідження виявлено, що у відносинах між інституціональними акторами переважає самостійність над залежністю під час формування порядку денного та є відсутньою монополія на його встановлення. Окрім цього, легіслатура здійснює більший вплив на інших акторів, ніж зазнає з їхньої сторони. Також проведений аналіз засвідчив, що в більшості випадків інституціональні актори є залежними від мас-медіа, політичних партій та лідерів.

El bayesianismo: de lo casuístico a lo histórico

Este documento presenta fundamentalmente dos aspectos relacionados al asunto Bayesiano: i) dos casos de aplicación de la epistemología Bayesiana, y, ii) una exposición resumida e intuitiva de la formalidad de las técnicas Bayesianas y su núcleo, el teorema de Bayes, culminando con una breve reseña histórica y una concepción de la epistemología Bayesiana. Apoyándose en la metodología de revisión documental bibliográfica, una caracterización general de un contexto de análisis Bayesiano describe dos situaciones cognitivas comprensivas de ese contexto, la inferencia Bayesiana y la teoría de decisión Bayesiana; además, se comentan aplicaciones Bayesianas generales y luego se dan dos casos específicos de aplicación: en el ejercicio médico cotidiano, y en la “plani-evaluación” de proyectos sociales. Una breve sección expone de manera muy básica las formalidades metodológicas Bayesianas interpretando el teorema de Bayes y el concepto de verosimilitud. Finalmente, una sección de cierre incluye una reseña histórica y una definición integradora de los principales componentes de la epistemología Bayesiana. La consolidación de epistemología Bayesiana ha requerido el aporte de muchas autoridades en el asunto; dos de los más influyentes pioneros mencionados en este documento son Aykac y Brumat (1977) y Lindley (1977). Como conclusión, la epistemología Bayesiana se presenta como una teoría de aprendizaje en incertidumbre respecto a eventos o estados aleatorios e inciertos de las cosas, de la naturaleza o de la realidad, aprendizaje o nuevo conocimiento que es expresado en términos de probabilidades.

On the Other Side of the “Vnenakhodimost'” Principle: The Event of the Revolution and the Problem of Metalanguage in Soviet Thought of the 1960s

Analizing a number of texts devoted to the significance and fate of the Russian revolution, we can study the functioning and problematization of ideological discourse in the reflection of late Soviet intellectuals on the foundations of the Soviet world and the metalanguage paradoxes that this reflection produces. The articles by E. Ilyenkov, M. Lifshits, G. Pospelov, M. Gefter offer different configurations of the same semantic field, in which the beliefs, values, and methodologies of the authors enter into complex relationships with an authoritative language that defines the very layout of this field. Building a kind of theodicy of revolution, the authors are forced to separate the “state of things” from the project-language, by which it is described and transformed. From the very beginning, the communist project is considered precisely as a world-historical one; the Russian revolution, as the authoritative discourse says, has “world-historical significance”. But at the same time, the very event of the revolution is an act of extreme territorialization, radical pragmatization of the theory, and even a break in it. The idea of foundation is forced to combine in two proportions two modes of interpretation and therefore two types of appropriation: a revolutionary project as a teleological form of world history and the theory of this history, and what the project addresses as a local system, faced with a certain limitation. The very point of revolution turns out to be the intersection point of two or more genealogical logics, which have to be brought to unity by a special effort. Our analysis shows that an attempt to critically legitimize the Soviet project as a whole leads to deterritorialization, a kind of vnenakhodimost'of the project itself and, conversely, to a partial territorialization of its problems.