State Of Rondonia Research Articles

Outbreak of Oropouche virus in frontier regions in western Amazon.

Oropouche virus (OROV) is characterized as a re-emerging arbovirus of great concern for public health, being responsible for several outbreaks of acute fever identified in Latin American countries, registering more than half a million reported cases. The incidence of reports of this virus is intrinsically favored by environmental conditions, in which such characteristics are related to the increase and distribution of the vector population to areas of human traffic. Moreover, there is a problem regarding the lack of diagnosis in Brazil that aggregates the success of the etiologic agent. Thus, by means of molecular techniques, we identified 27 positive cases of the OROV circulating in border locations in western Amazon, with 44.44% (12/27) of the cohort characterized as infected individuals with reported symptoms, mainly ranging from fever, myalgia, and back pain. Among the positive samples, it was possible to obtain a total of 48.14% (13/27) samples to analyze the S and M segments of Oropouche, which showed similarities among the Brazilian sequences. Thus, it was possible to verify the circulation of the OROV in Rondonia and border areas, in which the tracking of neglected arboviruses is necessary for the genomic surveillance of emerging and re-emerging viruses.IMPORTANCEThe western Amazon region is known for outbreaks of acute febrile illnesses, to which the lack of specific diagnostics for different pathogens hinders the management of patients in healthcare units. The Oropouche virus has already been recorded in the region in the 1990s. However, this is the first study, after this record, to perform the detection of individuals with acute febrile illness using a screening test to exclude Zika, dengue, and chikungunya, confirmed by sequencing the circulation of the virus in the state of Rondonia and border areas. We emphasize the importance of including diagnostics for viruses such as Oropouche, which suffers underreporting for years and is related to seasonal periods in Western Amazon locations, a factor that has a direct influence on public health in the region. In addition, we emphasize the importance of genomic surveillance in the elucidation of outbreaks that affect the resident population of these locations.

Predation record of Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Anura: Bufonidae) by Cerdocyon thous (Carnivora: Canidae) using camera trap in Vale do Paraíso, Rondonia, Brazil

The crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) is a Neotropical canid with a generalist and opportunistic diet that includes a wide variety of food items. On this note, we report the first record of predation on Rhinella marina by Cerdocyon thous in the state of Rondonia, Brazil, based on camera trap footage. For the state of Rondonia, there is no study reporting the prey of C. thous. Therefore, this report approaches important ecological knowledge of the crab-eating fox, portraying behaviors and diet of the species.

Field assessment of a BCS measuring device at timed AI in crossbread dairy cows of Amazonian smallholders

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a body condition score (BCS) assessment device (BCAD) to identify cows with an adequate BCS and, presumably, a higher fertility when subjected to timed artificial insemination (TAI). We evaluated cows at smallholder dairy farms in the state of Rondonia, Brazil. Crossbred dairy cows (n = 141) were subjected to a TAI protocol and classified according to the BCAD scale as low BCS (red; n = 55) or adequate BCS (green; n = 86). The outcome pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) was analyzed by logistic regression. Cows classified as green by the BCAD had a significantly greater P/AI (41 of 86; 47.7%) than cows classified as red (15 of 55; 27.3%; P = 0.01). In conclusion, the BCS assessment device was an effective tool to detect cows more likely to become pregnant due to their adequate BCS and, consequently, better fertility in TAI.

Evaluation of Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) for malaria control in an endemic area in Brazil

BackgroundMost cases of malaria in Brazil are concentrated in the Amazon region. One of the vector control alternatives recommended by the WHO is the long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN). This tool is used in the nine federal states of the Brazilian Legal Amazon, where LLINs are essential for reducing vector density and disease transmission as they prevent contact between the mosquito and the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residuality and use of LLIN insecticides in different health regions in a city located in the Brazilian Amazon.MethodsA total of 17,027 LLINs were installed in the third, fifth and ninth health regions of the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondonia State, Brazil. The LLINs were of two types: Olyset (permethrin), for around the bed, and Interceptor (alphacypermethrin), for around hammocks. The residuality of 172 LLINs was evaluated using cone bioassays to verify the mortality rate of the mosquito Nyssorhynchus darlingi, over a period of 2 years. Structured questionnaires on the acceptance and use of LLINs were distributed to the participating population (n = 391), covering a total sample of 1147 mosquito nets. The mortality rate was evaluated both in terms of days after LLIN installation and the type of insecticide used. Statistical analyses were based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square and were performed using the SPSS statistical program.ResultsFor the Ny. darlingi mosquito, Interceptor-type LLINs showed residual efficacy, with mortality rates ≥ 80% during the 2-year study period, as determined by the WHO. In contrast, Olyset-type LLINs were associated with a reduction in mortality rates, with 76% and 45% mortality rates in the last two assessments, which occurred during the last 6 months of the study period. Based on the structured questionnaires, the acceptance rate, i.e. percentage of individuals accepting the permanence of the 1147 LLINs sampled, in the three health regions of Porto Velho was 93.8% (of 1076 LLINs).ConclusionThe alphacypermethrin-impregnated LLIN was more effective than the LLIN impregnated with permethrin. The results indicate that the correct use of mosquito nets—and consequently the protection of the population—needs to be supported by health promotion actions. These initiatives are considered to be essential for the success of this vector control strategy. New studies that consider the monitoring of the placement of mosquito nets are necessary to provide effective support in the correct use of this methodology.Graphical

Host Feeding Patterns of Mansonia (Diptera, Culicidae) in Rural Settlements near Porto Velho, State of Rondonia, Brazil

Mosquito females of the genus Mansonia (Blanchard) can be a nuisance to humans and animals since they are voraciously hematophagous and feed on the blood of a variety of vertebrates. Despite their relevance, there is a lack of investigation into the blood-feeding patterns of the Mansonia species. Knowledge of the host preference is crucial in establishing the public health importance of a mosquito species and its potential to be involved in the transmission dynamics of pathogens. Species that are primarily anthropophilic can be more effective in spreading vector-borne pathogens to humans. In this study, we used an Illumina Nextera sequencing protocol and the QIIME2 workflow to assess the diversity of DNA sequences extracted in the ingested blood of mosquito species to evaluate the overall and local host choices for three species: Ma. titillans, Ma. Amazonensis, and Ma. humeralis, in rural areas alongside the Madeira River in the vicinities of the Santo Antonio Energia (SAE) reservoir in the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondônia, Western Brazil. By performing our analysis pipeline, we have found that host diversity per collection site showed a significant heterogeneity across the sample sites. In addition, in rural areas, Ma. amazonensis present a high affinity for B. taurus, Ma. humeralis shows an overall preference for C. familiaris and B. taurus, but also H. sapiens and E. caballus in urban areas, and Ma. titillans showed more opportunistic behavior in rural areas, feeding on wild animals and G. gallus, though with an overall preference for H. sapiens.

Next-Generation High-Throughput Sequencing to Evaluate Bacterial Communities in Freshwater Ecosystem in Hydroelectric Reservoirs.

The quality of aquatic ecosystems is a major public health concern. The assessment and management of a freshwater system and the ecological monitoring of microorganisms that are present in it can provide indicators of the environment and water quality to protect human and animal health. with bacteria is. It is a major challenge to monitor the microbiological bacterial contamination status of surface water associated with anthropogenic activities within rivers and freshwater reservoirs. Understanding the composition of aquatic microbial communities can be beneficial for the early detection of pathogens, improving our knowledge of their ecological niches, and characterizing the assemblages of microbiota responsible for the degradation of contaminants and microbial substrates. The present study aimed to characterize the bacterial microbiota of water samples collected alongside the Madeira River and its small tributaries in rural areas near the Santo Antonio Energia hydroelectric power plant (SAE) reservoir in the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondonia state, Western Brazil. An Illumina 16s rRNA metagenomic approach was employed and the physicochemical characteristics of the water sample were assessed. We hypothesized that both water metagenomics and physicochemical parameters would vary across sampling sites. The most abundant genera found in the study were Acinetobacter, Deinococcus, and Pseudomonas. PERMANOVA and ANCOM analysis revealed that collection points sampled at the G4 location presented a significantly different microbiome compared to any other group, with the Chlamidomonadaceae family and Enhydrobacter genus being significantly more abundant. Our findings support the use of metagenomics to assess water quality standards for the protection of human and animal health in this microgeographic region.

Amblyomma ticks in animal carcasses hunted in Mapinguari National Park, Western Amazon, Brazil: New records on species and host-parasite relationships

Ticks are obligatory parasites and transmit several pathogens to animals and humans. This study aimed to report the parasitism of ticks on carcasses of animals hunted by hunters from communities near Mapinguari National Park, at the shared border of Amazonas and Rondonia states, northern Brazil. The ticks were collected from heads of carcasses of the following animals: South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) and long-nosed armadillo (Dasypus beniensis). Six Amblyomma tick species were identified: Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma naponense, Amblyomma latepunctatum, Amblyomma oblongoguttatum, Amblyomma scalpturatum, Amblyomma triste and Amblyomma spp. The most abundant tick species were A. oblongoguttatum and A. scalpturatum. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed on all ticks to test for the presence of rickettsial gltA gene fragments, but no amplification was observed. This study reports, for the first time, the parasitism of A. coelebs in the armadillo D. beniensis and the presence of A. triste in the states of Amazonas and Rondonia, updating the tick fauna to 24 and 39 species for these states, respectively.

Evaluating the genetic potential of Hevea genetic resources originating from the state of Rondonia in Brazil conserved in Vietnam

This study aimed to evaluate the genetic potential of Hevea genetic resources originating from the state of Rondonia in Brazil which have been conserved in Vietnam for effective and sustainable use. Based on 15 SSR markers, the level of high genetic diversity in all 14 groups of varieties from the state of Rondonia (Brazil) included in the assessment of agronomic characteristics in field trials with the average number of alleles (Na) ranged from 12 to 12.9, and the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.77; the genetic variance mainly occurred within accessions with 74% of the total genetic variability. Besides, the wild genetic resources from the state of Rondonia (Brazil) exhibited vigorous growth, but the variation was low (17%), while the latex productivity was low but the variation was high (90%). Rondonia population with the best growth and latex yield of accessions was independent of the number of the groups; the best vigorous growth and latex yield accessions derived from three groups including RO/A/7, RO/C/9, and RO/JP/3; the best vigorous growth accessions belonged to RO/C/8 group.

Aquatic Macrophytes Hosting Immature Mansonia (Mansonia) Blanchard, 1901 (Diptera, Culicidae) in Porto Velho, Rondonia State, Brazil.

High abundance of hematophagous mosquitoes of the genus Mansonia Blanchard, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae) threatens human and domestic animal health and well-being. Knowledge of the biology of nuisance mosquito species is necessary to understand specific ecological and biological factors to enable rapid and effective monitoring measures for sustainable control programs. The establishment and dispersion of Mansonia species are associated with the occurrence of aquatic macrophytes species, which are indispensable for the development of larvae and pupae. To increase knowledge of the host plants for Mansonia immature stages in Porto Velho, Rondonia State, Brazil, specimens of four plant species, which occur across the tributaries of the Madeira River were sampled and inspected for the presence of egg batches, larvae, and pupae. A total of 1,386 larvae and pupae of Mansonia spp. were collected attached to the roots of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae), Pistia stratiotes L. (Alismatales: Araceae), and Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. and Bonpl. Ex Willd.) Heine (Alismatales: Hydrocharitaceae). The novel association of Mansonia species with L. laevigatum is presented. Egg batches of Mansonia spp. were found only on Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch. (Salviniales: Salviniaceae). Possible differences in the roles played by E. crassipes and S. molesta in the reproductive cycle of Mansonia spp. in the surveyed area are discussed. All species of host plants including E. crassipes, P. stratiotes, S. molesta, and L. laevigatum should be considered when planning macrophyte management for the control of Mansonia species.

Carbon stock assessment and comparison in soybean plantations in Southwest Brazilian Amazon

A significant proportion of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is for the expansion of agriculture and livestock. Several studies have been dedicated to determining the carbon stock in natural forests, however agricultural areas are still poorly researched. This work aimed to quantify the above and belowground carbon stock (CS) in soybean plantations in the State of Rondonia, Southwest region of the Brazilian Amazon, as well as to compare the results with the estimate of other possible land uses in the same region. Thus, a total of 50 sampling units 1 m² were quantified at random in order to measure aboveground and belowground biomass. The total biomass found was 7.55 Mg ha-1, with 6.73 Mg ha-1 (89.14%) corresponding to aboveground biomass and 0.83 Mg ha-1 (10.86%) corresponding to belowground biomass. The average total carbon stock was 3.49 Mg ha-1, ranging from 2.14 Mg ha-1 to 6.36 Mg ha-1. In comparing the study data with the Brazilian Inventory of Anthropic Emissions and Removals of Greenhouse Gases, it was observed that the change in the use of the mature Amazon Rainforest land for soybean cultivation resulted in the loss of 176.61 Mg ha-1 of C. Therefore, soybean cultivation can be an alternative in the absence of natural vegetation with no possibility of natural recovery, because in addition to grain production, it contributes to the carbon stock and nitrogen fixation in the soil. However, replacing natural vegetation is not an adequate practice for biomass and carbon stocks.

The invisibility of fishing in the Machado River, in the Tabajara hydroenergy plant environment licensing process, State of Rondonia, Brazil(in Portuguese)

The invisibility of fishing in the Machado River, in the Tabajara hydroenergy plant environment licensing process, State of Rondonia, Brazil(in Portuguese)

Occlusions and opacities in the environmental licensing of the Tabajara hydroelectric plant, State of Rondonia, Brazil: a socio-economic analysis. (in Portuguese)

Occlusions and opacities in the environmental licensing of the Tabajara hydroelectric plant, State of Rondonia, Brazil: a socio-economic analysis. (in Portuguese)

Production of Urban Space and the occurrence of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: the Porto Velho case.

Due to intense ongoing urbanization in the Amazon, the urban pattern of malaria may be changing, both in its spatial distribution and epidemiological profile. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the process of production of urban space in Porto Velho, the capital of the state of Rondonia, Brazil has contributed to the occurrence and maintenance of urban malaria. Using data collected from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System (SIVEP-Malaria), we calculated malaria indices for the districts of Porto Velho from 2005 to 2018. We also developed two typologies for classifying urban space based on functional characteristics and features of the landscape. While the former considers characteristics of urban space in Porto Velho, the latter is based on suitability for malaria vectors. We found that the annual parasite index declined in Porto Velho during the study period. However, changes in the index were not uniform across the districts of the city. Periurban areas showed no decline in the index, which we attribute to these areas' high vegetation density and hydrological characteristics.

Hidrogeomorfometria da microbacia do rio Cutia, Amazônia Sul-Ocidental, Brasil

O planejamento da gestão dos recursos naturais é essencial para o desenvolvimento sustentável na região amazônica e tem como base as informações associadas às características da paisagem. Em face ao exposto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo disponibilizar informações geométricas, topográficas e hidrográficas da microbacia do rio Cutia, a qual pertence a bacia do rio Guaporé, importante bacia do estado de Rondônia. Estas informações foram obtidas por meio de equações disponibilizadas na literatura e sensoriamento remoto, utilizando os softwares QGIS 2.10.1, TrackMaker e Google Earth, e imagens altimétricas do satélite ALOS (Sensor Palsar). A microbacia tem área de 19,20 km2 de área, perímetro de 24,79 km, forma alongada, baixa suscetibilidade a enchentes, altitudes de 261 a 346 m, predominância de relevo suave ondulado (47,45%), 90,36% da área apta a extremamente apta a mecanização agrícola e com baixa influência na propagação de incêndios, rede de drenagem com padrão dendrítico, 5ª ordem de drenagem, alta densidade de nascentes, alta densidade de drenagem, coeficiente de manutenção de 342,7 m2 m-1, canal principal divagante e baixo tempo de concentração. A microbacia do rio Cutia tem potencial para implantação de sistemas agropecuários, no entanto, são recomendadas práticas de manejo conservacionistas do solo e da água, para mitigar o impacto destes sistemas nos recursos naturais. Também são recomendados estudos sobre a distribuição espacial da vegetação nativa em áreas protegidas por lei na microbacia (reservas legais e áreas de preservação permanente), para auxiliar na delimitação de áreas prioritárias para a conservação dos recursos hídricos.

Perfil das intoxicações por medicamentos e agrotóxicos atendidos em um hospital de urgência e emergência do estado de rondônia no período de 2018 / Profile of drug and pesticide poisonings seen at an urgent and emergency hospital in rondônia state in 2018

ABSTRACT To characterize the epidemiological profile of drug and pesticide intoxications treated at an urgency and emergency hospital in the State of Rondonia, in 2018. Methods : This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of medical records available at the Medical and Statistics Archive Service (MSAS) of 24 patients. The documentary research with a quantitative approach, with secondary data from an Urgency and Emergency Hospital in Cacoal / RO. Results : In 2018, 24 hospital cares were made to victims of drug and pesticide intoxications (herbicides, rodenticides and insecticides) with a significant number of suicide attempts with the consumption of these substances orally, with emphasis on greater cases in young people. Conclusions : It is concluded that drug and pesticide intoxications has led many individuals to hospitalization, showing the importance of the qualified performance of professionals and the provision of care in a timely manner, among which the nurse stands out.

Relationship between body condition score index and fertility in beef cows subjected to timed artificial insemination

Visual evaluation of body condition score (BCS) is an important method for the subjective quantification of body energy reserves in cattle. The objective of this study was to develop an index to estimate the relationship between BCS and fertility, using 2321 lactating Nelore cows from 29 cohorts in Mato Grosso do Sul and Rondonia states, Brazil enrolled in timed artificial insemination (TAI) programs. All females were evaluated according to BCS (scale 1 to 5) and were included in an estradiol-progesterone-based TAI protocol. Estrus scores were evaluated (scale 1–3) for all cows at TAI. The cows in each TAI protocol were categorized according to pregnancy per AI (P/AI) into low (< 45%, LF), moderate (45%–60%, MF), and high (>60%, HF) fertility groups. To evaluate whether the BCS of each cow was in accordance with the target BCS (3 to 4) for beef cows to be enrolled in TAI programs, three variables were calculated: (1) adequate BCS rate (ABR), in which cows with BCS on target received 100% and cows with BCS values outside the target range received 0%; (2) the difference between the real BCS and the target BCS (DBCS); and (3) the adjusted DBCS (ADBCS), in which DBCS was transformed into an inverse value. Finally, the average between ABR and ADBCS resulted in a BCS index (BCSi). Analysis of variance was used to compare BCSi, BCS, and estrus scores among fertility groups, and Tukey's test was used to compare means among groups. There were differences in BCSi between fertility groups (P<0.05). Both the BCSi and BCS were highest in the HF groups, which also showed the highest estrus scores. However, the BCSi provides information that takes into account the proportion of cows with or without adequate BCS, and could be more useful to apply in practice. The results demonstrate that determining the BCSi presents a novel approach that is highly associated with fertility in TAI programs.

Os impactos da implantação de um bundle de prevenção de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica numa unidade de terapia intensive no interior de Rondônia

Objetivo: Reconhecer e apontar os índices de Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica (PAVM) anteriormente e após a implementação de um bundle de prevenção de PAVM em uma unidade de terapia intensiva no interior do estado de Rondônia. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo na modalidade transversal, retrospectiva e de abordagem quantitativa. As informações e dados foram levantados através de uma análise dos resultados encontrados após a implementação do bundle prevenção de PAVM. Durante a pesquisa, foram coletados dados referentes a todo o ano de 2017 (antes da implementação do bundle) e do mês de junho de 2018 ao mês de maio de 2019 (após da implementação do bundle). Os resultados da densidade de incidência foram calculados ao final dos 12 meses de cada período analisado. A extração e análise dos dados foram executadas com apoio do extranet do Institute for Healthcare. Resultados: Constamos que a elevação de 13,72% no uso de Ventilação Mecânica dia (VM/dia), porém ao mesmo tempo ocorreu uma queda de 1,1% densidade de incidência após da implantação do bundle. Conclusão: Portanto, mesmo havendo um aumento na taxa de uso da ventilação mecânica, as ações de implementação do bundle refletiu na redução da densidade de incidência durante o período estudado.

Identification and validation of SNPs in the phytoene synthase 2 (psy2) gene associated with yellow color of the root in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions of the Brazilian Amazon

The biofortification of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots is one of the actual goals of genetic breeding, with the development of roots richer in carotenoids. In order to evaluate the natural genetic variation of cassava, this study analyzed 78 accessions from the Brazilian Amazon to verify the presence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular markers in the phytoene synthase 2 (psy2) gene associated with root color. From the sequencing of 294 bp containing part of the intron 2 and the exon 3 of the psy2 gene, three SNPs located in the coding region and the existence of eight haplotypes were identified. The c.1434G > C (SNP1) and c.1485C > A (SNP3) variations were found in yellow and cream root accessions and nucleotide polymorphism resulted in amino acid substitution. SNP2 (c.1462T > C) was identified in accessions with white roots and its allelic variation did not result in amino acid substitution. Four haplotypes that presented SNP3 were widely distributed in the states of Para, Amapa, Rondonia and Amazonas. All accessions of yellow or cream root that presented the SNP3 were in heterozygosity, confirming the dominance of the SNP, except for one accession, that could be used in genetic breeding. The effect of mutations on the structure and function of PSY2 was in silico evaluated by molecular dynamics and it was indicated that the aminoacid substitutions affected the active site of the protein depending on the distance. The results were compatible with the phenotype detected experimentally.

EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE NA PRÁTICA DA ENFERMAGEM: INTEGRAÇÃO ENTRE ENSINO E SERVIÇO

Objetivo: relatar a experiência da Educação Permanente em Saúde na formação de acadêmicos de enfermagem integrando o ensino com o serviço de enfermagem.Desenvolvimento: relato de experiência sobre a prática de educação desenvolvida no hospital na capital de Rondônia, realizada no período entre abril e junho de 2019. Ela aconteceu em quatro momentos: troca de experiência entre os envolvidos; problematização das práticas; plano de intervenções; e avaliação. A implantação da educação permanente em saúde foi fundamental para a qualificação dos serviços, porém, registram-se dificuldades na execução, especialmente devido à forma da organização do trabalho hospitalar.Conclusão: a educação permanente em saúde no estágio supervisionado permitiu a criação de espaços de reflexão com a equipe, contribuindo para a ampliação do diálogo, compreensão da realidade e inclusão de estratégias facilitadoras ao trabalho da enfermagem.

Mais educação e menos emprego para os jovens de Rondônia a crônica de uma economia orientada para produtos básicos

This article is the result of research developed at the Federal Institute of Rondonia, motivated by concerns about the low employability of young people, precisely when the increase in their schooling has been recorded. The objective of this work was to examine the employment scenario in the State of Rondonia, for high school graduates, based on data from the Ministries of Labor and Education. In this sense, through the survey of numbers and analyses in the light of theorists specialized in the subject, mainly Kuenzer, Frigotto, Ciavatta, Cano and Saboia, the reflections allowed to understand an economy in process of deindustrialization and represarization since the years of 1980, with impact on the types of occupations available. This time, high-tech jobs, which require higher qualification, have little supply in this type of economic structure, frustrating the expectations of youth regarding the insertion into the labor market.