State Of Paraiba Research Articles

Dental implant therapy in the Brazilian Public System

Aim: This retrospective study aims to describe and analyze the number of dental implants and implant-retained prostheses performed by the Unified Health System (SUS) in the last decade. Methods: This study is based on secondary data from the official government database (DATASUS) performed from January 2010 to December 2019 and is reported following the STROBE. A descriptive analysis was performed of the total sample and the stratified sample divided by Brazilian states. Results: A total of 143,037 dental implants and 93,325 implant-retained prostheses were provided by SUS. It is possible to observe that some states played a massive role on the provision of dental implants and implant-retained prostheses (Parana state: 58.4% and 55.9% and Paraiba state: 21.1% and 25.2% of the total amount of dental implants and implant-retained prostheses, respectively) while some states did not provide a single implant-retained prosthesis. Also, inland cities were mostly responsible for the number of procedures compared to the state capitals. Conclusion: Although dental implant therapy is available in SUS across the country, the number of treatments provided in the last decade is still very limited and is also mainly concentrated in the southeastern region of Brazil.

Infestation of the invasive exotic moth Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) in Avicennia L. (Acanthaceae) in the mangrove of the Mamanguape River, Paraíba, Brazil

Abstract Outbreaks of caterpillars have been recorded in some mangrove forests in Brazil and other countries. This study reports an infestation of Hyblaea puera caterpillars (Cramer, 1777) (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) in the mangrove forest of the Mamanguape River, Paraiba State, Brazil. The attacks occurred between May and July 2020 and affected Avicennia germinans (L.) L. and Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechm. ex Moldenke. During the caterpillar outbreak period, the foliar herbivory rate was > 50 % in both species. Throughout the distribution area of the species in the estuary, there was variation in the intensity of caterpillar infestation: from the absence of attack to the complete defoliation of the trees in mono-specific forests of A. germinans. The consequences of severe defoliation are briefly discussed, emphasizing mangrove conservation.

Influence of climatic variability on the electricity generation potential by renewable sources in the Brazilian semi-arid region

Brazil presents favorable geographic conditions for the exploitation of renewable energy sources. Although the national electricity mix is predominantly hydroelectricity-based, increasing participation of solar energy has been observed. The availability and reliability of the electricity sector are intrinsically intertwined with climate conditions and can be influenced by its changes. The study presented herein investigates the effect of observed climate changes on the potential of electricity generation from photovoltaic solar and hydroelectric sources, in the semi-arid region of the Paraiba state (Northeast Brazil). The study area includes a Small Hydroelectric Power Plant (SHPP), and solar photovoltaic plants are currently being installed. Trend analysis revealed that total rainfall increased by 3.43 mm/year for the SHPP site during the studied period; however, electricity generation decreased by 3.23 MWh/year as water use was prioritized for human and irrigation purposes. Due to intense solar radiation, the study area presents favorable opportunities for the implementation of photovoltaic solar generation technologies. The increases verified in average air temperature did not affect the solar electricity generation significantly. The consideration of climate trends can help in the planning of energy systems, as climate variability can result in considerable fluctuations in renewable electricity generation, leading to disruption in energy supply.

Growth and Production of Zea mays Fertigated with Biofertilizer and Water Blade in Semiarid Regions, Brazil

In semiarid areas producing corn in the State of Paraiba (Brazil), despite the social and economic importance of this culture associated with some types of stress mainly in semiarid regions, as well as the soils of these regions, which in many cases have a low organic matter content, generally < 1.5%, limiting the viability of the crop. The correct management of organic fertilization via fertigation is a possibility to minimize water losses by evaporation. The objective was to evaluate the vegetative growth and productive parameters of corn (Poaceae) fertigated with bovine biofertilizer under irrigation levels. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, in the locality of the agroecology sector (UEPB, Catole do Rocha, Paraiba, Brazil). The treatments were distributed in blocks at random with four replications, in a 3 × 5 split plot scheme, represented by three irrigation depths (60, 90, and 120% of ETc—crop’s evapotranspiration) that when applied daily were considered the main plots and the subplots represented by the doses of biofertilizer (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mL plant−1) applied biweekly via fertigation, totaling to 60 experimental plants. Plants on water stress conditions inhibit their growth and production, but when associated with biofertilizer, they result in plants with greater productive potential in semiarid conditions. The blade of 120% of the ETc provided greater growth and production of corn compared with the layers of 60 and 90% of the ETc. The 50 ml plant−1 biofertilizer dose provided corn growth and production compatible with conventional cultivation.

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of condylar volume and mandibular length Following Treatment with Skeletally Versus Dentally Anchored Herbst Appliance

Objective: to compare the condylar volume and mandibular length changes of skeletally versus dentally anchored Herbst appliance in the treatment of Class II division 1 patients due to mandibular deficiency. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on 17 female patients with their age ranged between 14 and 20 years. All patients were treated by Type IV Herbst appliance. The active group (Group A) comprising 10 patients at whose the Herbst was anchored to the mandible directly by two reconstruction plates located bilaterally in the mandible between the canine and first premolar, while attached to the maxilla through dental splints utilizing orthodontic bands, while the control group (Group B) comprising 7 patients, their CBCT data were taken from a previous study at which the Herbst appliance was anchored with custom made vitalium splints for both the maxillary and mandibular dental arches. The condylar volume and the 3D effective mandibular length was measured using Dolphin software (Dolphin imaging software ver.11.95, Patterson Dental, USA). Statistical analysis was performed with Assistant 7.6 statistics software for Windows (Campina Grande, Paraiba state, Brazil) Results: Condylar volume showed no statically significant change with treatment in both groups, while the 3D effective mandibular length showed statistically significant increase with treatment in both groups. Conclusions: Skeletally anchored Herbst has same mandibular skeletal effect when compared with dentally anchored Herbst.

A BNCC e os Referenciais Curriculares do estado da Paraíba: considerações sobre o ensino de História nos Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental

O presente artigo apresenta uma reflexão em torno da elaboração da "Base Comum Curricular Nacional" (BRASIL, 2018) e dos "Referenciais Curriculares do Ensino Fundamental: Ciências Humanas, Ensino Religioso e Diversidade Cultural" (PARAÍBA, 2010). O intuito do trabalho não é tecer uma comparação entre os dois documentos, mas observar aproximações, divergências, possibilidades e limites que se colocam aos professores de história dos anos finais do ensino fundamental a partir da promulgação da BNCC, especialmente no estado da Paraíba. Para isso, algumas considerações teóricas sobre currículo são desenvolvidas, bem como esclarecimentos sobre o contexto de elaboração da base comum para construir um olhar crítico sobre as duas propostas.

Attendance in Physical Education classes and associated factors among high school students

The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of high school student attendance in Physical Education classes and analyze associated factors. The sample consisted of 2,874 public and private high school students (57.9% women, mean age of 16.5 years; SD = 1.2) from João Pessoa, Paraiba (PB) state in Northeastern Brazil. Attendance in Physical Education classes was measured by the following question: ‘How many Physical Education classes do you attend during a normal week? The associated factors measured were: attitude, self-efficacy, risks and benefits related to physical activity, perceived health, level of physical activity, sedentary behavior and nutritional status. It was observed that 41.9% (95% CI: 40.1-43.7) of the students attended two or more Physical Education classes per week, with a higher incidence in public schools (56.6%, 95%CI: 54.6-58.9) than in their private counterparts (6.6%, 95%CI: 4.9-8.2; p &lt;0.001). Higher attendance in Physical Education classes was identified in the following subgroups: male students and the youngest from both schools, in students from public school that did not work, members of the highest economic class, whose parents had higher schooling levels, and those in the 1st and 2nd year of high school education in private institutions. Attending two or more Physical Education classes per week is positively and significantly associated with a more favorable attitude to engaging in physical activity as well as its level, in both private and public students, in addition to positive health perception in public students. Student attendance in Physical Education classes was low, particularly in private schools. Attending two or more Physical Education classes per week was associated with positive aspects of physical activity and health in the students under study.

Distribuição espacial da COVID-19 no estado da Paraí­ba: uma associação com a densidade demográfica

Objetivo: Analisar e descrever a distribuição espacial dos dados epidemiológicos dos casos da COVID-19 no Estado da Paraí­ba. Método: Foi realizado um estudo ecológico descritivo, com base nas informações da COVID-19 na Paraí­ba, de acesso aberto do dashboard da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, através dos dados de casos e óbitos confirmados. Após análise dos dados obtidos, foram transformados em taxas, a fim de compará-las com a densidade demográfica da região estudada. Resultados: Dentre os 223 municí­pios do Estado da Paraí­ba, aqueles com uma maior densidade demográfica lideraram as taxas de morbidade, incidência e letalidade da COVID-19 no Estado, durante o perí­odo estudado. Conclusão: Pôde-se observar a contribuição das grandes cidades como fonte de propagação da doença, por sua alta densidade demográfica, reafirmando assim, a necessidade e a importância das medidas preventivas de saúde pública a serem adotadas, a fim de garantir um baixo ní­vel de disseminação do ví­rus.

Evolução de Indicadores e Capacidade de Atendimento Intensivo para o COVID-19 no Estado da Paraí­ba, 2020

Objetivo: Descrever a evolução dos indicadores e a capacidade de atendimento intensivo em saúde para tratamento da COVID-19 no Estado da Paraí­ba. Método: Estudo ecológico descritivo, utilizando os dados de SARS-CoV-2, nos municí­pios com maior número de casos confirmados. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência (TI), morbidade (TM), letalidade (TL) da COVID-19 e da capacidade dos leitos hospitalares. Resultados: Do iní­cio da pandemia até o dia 30 de junho foram registrados mais de 46 mil casos em todo Estado. A TI da COVID-19 é de 49,47%, a TM 0,99%, e a TL é de 2,0%. Os leitos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva - UTI no Estado, apresenta uma razão de 1,3. Conclusão: É necessário a criação de planos tomando como base os números de casos e a quantidade de leitos, para que haja um atendimento adequado, visto que a quantidade existente é inferior ao recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde.

Abelha sem ferrão e seu potencial socioeconômico nos Estados da Paraíba e Rio Grande do Norte

A meliponicultura exerce grande importância na agricultura familiar por ser fonte de renda para pequenos produtores. É uma atividade em expansão em todo território nacional pela vasta diversidade da flora e dos mais variados tipos de climas existentes no Brasil. Esse potencial produzido reflete na geração de renda do produtor e, com isso, se destaca como importante fator de inclusão social. Nos Estados da Paraíba e do Rio Grande do Norte, a criação racional de abelha sem ferrão é praticada de geração a geração, contudo não há registros precisos sobre custos de investimento e manutenção de um meliponário, tampouco sobre custos de produção. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se pesquisar meliponicultores nesses dois Estados do nordeste brasileiro, para avaliar e comparar o potencial socioeconômico da atividade de criação de abelhas sem ferrão. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida nos Estados da Paraíba (PB) e Rio Grande do Norte (RN) durante o período de maio de 2017 a maio de 2019, com levantamento de dados envolvendo temas relacionados ao processo de criação de abelhas sem ferrão, a partir de informações prestadas pelos criadores desses dois Estados. Para este estudo, foram avaliados 45 (quarenta e cinco) meliponicultores distribuídos nas quatro mesorregiões do Estado da Paraíba e do Rio Grande do Norte. De acordo com as avaliações, pode-se constatar que as espécies de abelhas sem ferrão mais criadas nos dois Estados são Abelha Jandaíra (Melipona subnitida), Uruçu Nordestina (Melipona scutellaris), Rajada (Melipona asilvae), Mandaguari (Scaptotrigona sp) e Moça Branca (Frieseomellita sp).

Sonority effects in the production of the triconsonantal sequences Ct/d]σC by Brazilian learners of L2 English

This study investigates the production of a variable pattern in English by Brazilian L2 learners, i.e. triconsonantal sequences containing coronal plosives flanked by heterosyllabic consonants. Thus, the interlanguage of 24 learners from the city of Campina Grande in the state of Paraiba, Brazil, is analyzed to achieve the following objectives: (1) verify the phonological processes whereby the sequences Ct/d]σC are simplified in the participants’ interlanguage; and (2) examine the role of sonority in the surface phonetic representations of these sequences. 1,071 tokens were audio-recorded, coded and subjected to multivariate analysis using Rbrul (JOHNSON, 2015). The results indicate that sonority-based principles play an important role in the application of repair strategies on the surface forms of these complex structures.

Atraso na primeira consulta após percepção dos sinais/sintomas de câncer de mama

Este é um estudo quantitativo e transversal realizado entre 2016 e 2019, em dois centros de referência em oncologia da Paraíba, que teve como objetivo identificar os fatores que levaram ao atraso entre a percepção dos sinais/sintomas do câncer de mama e a primeira consulta ao profissional de saúde. Foi considerado atraso quando esse intervalo foi maior que 60 dias. Participaram da pesquisa 141 mulheres. Para a análise estatística foram utilizadas a Análise de Kaplan-Meier e Regressão de Cox. Os resultados mostraram que mulheres que tinham acesso aos serviços de saúde particulares (IC 95%: 0.003-0.24, p&lt;0,01), que realizavam exames de detecção precoce (IC 95%: 0.02-0.46, p &lt;0,01) e que tiveram seus sintomas percebidos através de exames de rastreamento (IC 95%:0.05-0.79; p= 0,02) tinham menor risco de atraso. O estudo indica barreiras de acesso para as mulheres que utilizaram o serviço público do estado da Paraíba, bem como que a realização de exames de rastreamento apresenta-se como fator importante para a diminuição do atraso.

Estudo da potencialidade do concentrado de caulinita para aplicação cosmética

As máscaras argilosas são apontadas como as mais antigas preparações cosméticas utilizadas no tratamento de beleza em função da sua vasta gama de propriedades, logo, sua aplicabilidade na área cosmética depende primordialmente da composição química e mineralógica. Essa variabilidade na composição reforça a necessidade de se fazer estudos que proporcionam um maior entendimento dos compostos, bem como as diferentes possibilidades de aplicações. Objetivou-se caracterizar o concentrado de caulinita proveniente dos estados da Paraíba e do Rio Grande do Norte a fim de realizar um estudo comparativo com os parâmetros definidos por empresas do segmento. Para a realização da pesquisa foram coletadas de três diferentes unidades de beneficiamento de caulim, se-se ensaios laboratoriais seguindo metodologias específicas para o segmento cosmético e, posteriormente, comparações com especificações em laudos técnicos. Os ensaios foram: determinação de umidade, ensaio de peneiramento, determinação de pH, ensaio de absorção e ensaio colorimétrico qualitativo. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram os valores de umidade para todas como em decorrência do processo de beneficiamento, enquanto nenhum ensaio de peneiramento não houve amostra com comportamento fora do limite estabelecido. Como forma de lucro levemente ácido com A2 e A3 valores satisfatórios, já no ensaio de absorção de oleosidade como A1 e A2 atenderam aos limites de variação.

Avaliação das dimensões da qualidade de vida de pessoas com leishmaniose visceral: estudo exploratório

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes acometidos pela leishmaniose visceral segundo aspectos sociais, clínicos e epidemiológicos. Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, desenvolvido em um hospital na Paraíba, Brasil, entre julho e outubro de 2019. Amostra probabilística, sendo inclusos: indivíduos acima dos 18 anos, de ambos os sexos e em tratamento para leishmaniose visceral. Utilizou-se questionário sociodemográfico e o Medical Outcomes Survey Short-Form 36. Resultados: Participaram da presente investigação 23 pacientes, maioria do sexo masculino, solteiros, entre 18 e 80 anos de idade. Há impacto negativo em todos os domínios da qualidade de vida, com menores scores no papel emocional, função física e função social. Discussão: A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença negligenciada e que afeta várias dimensões humanas, o que pressupõe a inserção do enfermeiro em ações educativas e assistenciais que possam mitigar os efeitos da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida da referida população.

Nutritional risk, food insecurity and quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS in Paraíba, Brazil

Nutritional risk and food insecurity are related to insufficient or inadequate access to food. These conditions can be worse for people living with HIV/AIDS. Loss of appetite is one characteristic of increased nutritional risk. It is not known if food security itself has an impact on nutritional risk beyond the lack of access to food. The objective of this study was to evaluate nutritional risk and its association with food insecurity and quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS and undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2015 with 479 people living with HIV/AIDS in Paraiba state. Questions involving nutritional risk, food insecurity, quality of life, nutritional status and socio demographics were asked. Nutritional risk was the dependent variable and the chi-square test was used to test its association with the other study variables. The associated variables were included in the Poisson multiple regression model with a robust variance. 75.6% of the study sample were considered to be at nutritional risk. The adjusted model showed food insecurity (assessed as severe, moderate or mild using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale) and quality of life to have independent effects. The prevalence ratio (PR) of nutritional risk was 1.13 and 1.09 for severe food insecurity and moderate food insecurity respectively and no effect was observed for mild food security. Nutritional risk was less frequent in individuals with a higher score for quality of life (PR = 0.92). We conclude that people living with HIV/AIDS in Paraiba Brazil have a high prevalence of nutritional risk, seriously affecting their biological vulnerability. The prevalence of nutritional risk was higher among people with moderate or severe food insecurity, independent of socio-economic or occupational status. Policies are needed to strengthen social support to reduce the lack of food access for this population group, as are programs to promote food security and well-being. These could reduce nutritional risk and contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality for those with HIV/AIDS.

ORAL LESIONS AS A DIAGNOSTIC FACTOR OF SYSTEMIC ERYTHEMATOSUS LUPUS

Lupus erythematosus is a rare autoimmune disease involving both the innate and humoral immune response. It usually occurs in the age group between 15 and 44 years, reaching mainly women; however, men, children, and adolescents can also present the disease. Patient V.S.A., 27 years old, female, brown, native of the state of Paraiba, was referred to the stomatology clinic because of intraoral lesions. The clinical examination revealed lesions on the hard/soft palate mucosa near the palatine raphe and erythematous erosive lesion in the gingiva inserted in the region of the teeth 16 and 26 with an evolution of 4 months. During anamnesis the patient did not report any systemic alterations. An excisional biopsy of one of the palatine lesions was performed, and the report confirmed lupus erythematosus. The patient was referred to the dermatology service for systemic screening and continued treatment.

CANDIDATOS “NA” REGIÃO E CANDIDATOS “DA” REGIÃO

Este artigo analisa quatro campanhas eleitorais para deputado estadual e federal no pleito de 2014 no Vale do Paraíba (SP), assumindo como ponto de partida duas modalidades de candidaturas: candidatos da região, vinculados por nascimento ou residência às cidades do Vale e que defenderam a importância da representação regional e da defesa de suas cidades na esfera parlamentar; e, candidatos na região, oriundos de outras regiões do estado e que buscaram conquistar votos no Vale a partir de temas gerais que apresentavam ressonância no âmbito local. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e da observação participante feita durante o período eleitoral, verificou-se uma adesão ambivalente: por um lado um forte discurso identitário de pertencimento regional, enfatizando a unidade e a fidelidade como garantias de uma atuação parlamentar que beneficiasse a região; por outro lado bandeiras políticas gerais que acabam refletindo os anseios locais.

Pessoas Idosas em Cidades Rurais: Estilo de Vida e Vulnerabilidades às IST`S/Aids

O estudo teve por objetivo analisar as vulnerabilidades em saúde em relação ao estilo de vida e às práticas sexuais e preventivas de pessoas idosas residentes em cidades rurais do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Participaram 202 pessoas idosas com idades variando de 60 a 92 anos (M=68,57; DP=6,52), a maioria do sexo feminino (67,8%). Como instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico; Questionário Temático sobre vulnerabilidades em saúde; e o Questionário de Autorrelato (Self-Reporting Questionnaire, SRQ-20). Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e bivariada. As vulnerabilidades em saúde das pessoas idosas estiveram associadas às dimensões individual, social e programática. Na dimensão individual, destaca-se o uso de álcool e tabaco; práticas sexuais e preventivas caracterizada pela reduzida percepção de risco às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST`s) e baixo uso de preservativo. Na dimensão social, é possível citar a baixa renda e escolaridade; a vivência de estresse; a presença de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) e crenças sociais sobre Aids na velhice e sexualidade. Por último, na dimensão programática, destaca-se a baixa solicitação do teste para HIV/Aids e as poucas campanhas direcionadas a este público etário.

Epidemiology of meningitis in children in a Brazilian northeastern state

To describe the epidemiological profile of meningitis in children under the age of five resident in the State of Paraiba between 2007 and 2017. A time series analysis in a descriptive epidemiological study, whose population comprised all the cases confirmed by the Executive Management of Health Surveillance of Paraiba. The obtained sample was analyzed through statistical resources using the SPSS software version 18.0. The age group indicated an increased concentration in children under the age of 1year old, corresponding to a coefficient of incidence of 24.1/10.000 habitants. The criteria of confirmation indicated 44.3% by means of the chemical and cytological examination, 77.6% progressed to hospital discharge and 9.8% to death. Regarding the temporal distribution of the cases, the year 2012 appears with the highest number of confirmed cases 20.06% and 2015 presented the lowest incidence 3.61%, within the period studied. The combat of Meningitis is still characterized as a relevant issue in the State, despite the declining tendency of confirmed cases, the incidence may still be considered as being high due to the vaccine protection that is available.

Soil salinity, micronutrients and passion fruit production irrigated with saline water and using organomineral fertilization

The experiment was conducted in the city of Remigio, Paraiba State, Brazil, from July/2013 to May/2014. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of the saline water, bovine biofertilizer and potassium source on soil salinity, micronutrients and sodium contents in the leaf dry matter, and on the production of yellow passion fruit plants cv BRS Gigante Amarelo. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks subdivided into plots using the factorial scheme 2 × (2 × 2). It refers to the main plot as two different irrigation waters with electrical conductivities of 0.35 and 4.00 dS m-1, and the subplots as the combination between the biofertilizer application and exemption with different potassium sources: the conventional potassium chloride (KCl) and the polymer-coated one. The increase in the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water increased the initial soil salinity from 0.36 to 3.43 and after to 5.43 dS m-1. It also increased the leaf contents of Fe2+ and Na+. The biofertilizer increased the Zn2+ content in the leaf dry matter of the passion fruit plants, while the fertilization with polymer-coated KCl increased the B content and reduced the Mn2+ one as compared to the conventional KCl. The plants, at the beginning of the flowering phase, although their deficiencies of all micronutrients, presented satisfactory productivity levels whether the national average numbers are considered.