National State Research Articles

Strategic acts of management as a form of managerial decision-making in the field of ensuring national security and state sovereignty of the Russian Federation: problems of hierarchy

The article substantiates the relationship between state management decisions and strategic management acts. The latter are the basis not only for building a system of legal acts of management in the field of ensuring national security as the most important component of state sovereignty of the Russian Federation, but also for the adoption and implementation of managerial decisions in this field. It is concluded that it is necessary to clarify the content of strategic planning documents and to give them legal certainty, systematicity and hierarchy. The types of these documents are analyzed: strategies; state policy frameworks; doctrines; concepts; state programs. The following model of hierarchy of strategic acts of management in the field of national security is argued: strategy of national security of the Russian Federation — conceptual acts (bases of state policy, doctrines, concepts) on the most important directions of ensuring national security of the Russian Federation — strategies on the most important directions of ensuring national security of the Russian Federation — state programs of the Russian Federation on the most important directions of ensuring national security.

Гармонизация федерального и регионального законодательства в России и проблемы государственного суверенитета

The article singles out stages in the development of Russian laws that are closely related to the establishment and elaboration of the contemporary national state sovereignty doctrine and Russian federalism.

Radiation survey of the territory of Teriberka village and Kildin Island of Murmansk Region

The Arctic zone is a strategically important territory of the Russian Federation from the point of view of socio-economic, scientific, and technological components, as well as in terms of planning the development of a system for ensuring national defense, state, and public security. Intensive exploration and development of Arctic territories, combined with a rapidly changing environment due to global climate change, carries a few risks for the environment. This determines the need to assess potential environmental damage and determine the significance of factors of potential negative impact on unique Arctic ecosystems now and in the future. The article presents current data from a radiation survey of the coastal zone of residential areas close to the site of the sinking of the nuclear submarine ‘K-159’ – Teriberka village and Kildin Island, Murmansk region, as well as the sea area to assess the primary levels of man-made and natural radionuclides before starting work on the potential lifting of the submerged object. This work was carried out as part of the implementation of the State Program of the Russian Federation ‘Health Development’ (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 26, 2017, No. 1640). The results of measuring the ambient dose equivalent rate of gamma radiation in open areas and determining the content of man-made and natural radionuclides in samples of environmental media (soil, aquatic vegetation, marine aquatic organisms) and food products of local origin and production (mushrooms, berries, fish, milk). The research results showed that the state of the study area is generally stable in terms of the radiation factor, the content of radionuclides is at the background level. As part of this work, electronic database modules have been developed based on the results of radiation monitoring in Teriberka village and on Kildin Island. Certificate No. 2022621890 was received on registration of a database with the results of the radiation situation of the above-mentioned territories.

On the motivation of social and life success of the athlete’s personality

The article argues that the XXI century is the pinnacle of time, when a person plays a predominant role in any relationship. The future involves the emergence of artificial intelligence that surpasses the human mind, the past underestimates the importance of each personality, its capital for the life of society as a whole. The article investigates the motivation of social and life success of the athlete’s personality. Status roles are identified, roles related to motivation are analyzed. The definition of the concept of “success” in the life of an athlete is given. As a result of the survey it is established that for students of the National State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Health (NSU) named after P. F. Lesgaft the definition of life values is one of the main tasks to achieve success.

Evaluation of Watershed Carrying Capacity on Flood Management in Greater Malang East Java Indonesia

Purpose: The over-depletion of natural resources in the Ambang watershed is the recent cause of the flooding in the region. The Ambang watershed, located in the larger Malang region of Indonesia's East Java Province, is the subject of this article because of the importance of this resource to local residents.This study follows the rules set out by Regulation No. P.61/2014 of the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry, which governs the assessment and monitoring of watershed management, in order to determine the Ambang watershed's effectiveness. Finding out how much water the Ambang watershed can hold and how well the regulation works to control floods were the two main goals of this research Method: This study primarily uses data on floods, conservation initiatives, land use, and water value in the Ambang river basin. Data and information on floods, conservation regulations, and the worth of water infrastructure comes from government sources and community discussions. The data on land usage was derived from the analysis of satellite images. Literature reviews and reports from key government agencies (such as the regional agricultural agency, the regional environmental protection agency, and the district government) were used to gather secondary data for the Ambang watershed management study Results and Conclusion: Land cover, as a percentage, can reduce run-off rates and enhance infiltration capacity in a watershed, hence monitoring it is crucial for assessing the state of land carrying capacity. With an area of 86,783.77 ha, the Ambang sub-watershed has 27,311.79 ha of vegetative land cover (PPV), which is classed as poor, falling between 20 and 40%. The result is expressed as a percentage. One way to measure the difference between allowed and actual erosion is via the Erosion Index. Based on the analysis, the Ambang sub-watershed, which covers an area of 86,783.77 ha, experiences heavy erosion on average with 190.8 tons/ha/year. The erosion index is 14.2, and the IE classification is > 2, which is very bad. This is due to factors such as steep to very steep slopes in some areas, poor to moderate soil conservation, and the presence of annual plants on the land, with some exceeding 25%. Research Implications: In order to better educate the public about the conservation and restoration efforts of different stakeholders and to improve the recommendations for potential conservation and restoration actions in each of the Ambang watershed regions, a series of investigations and experimental projects are planned. Laws enacted by the Indonesian government (number 37/2012) and the Ministry of Forestry (number 6061/2014) control the administration of water-related regions in the country. Before receiving any funds from the National State Budget, regional (provincial) governments must develop a management plan that takes into account the watershed's ability to sustain initiatives. Our investigation showed that Regulation 61/2014, issued by the Federal Forestry Minister, does not adequately evaluate the Ambang watershed's harbor capacity. Especially in arid regions, further studies should help Indonesian watersheds better gauge the potential of their water supplies.

Romanian Diplomacy during the Balcan Wars (1912-1913)

The young national Romanian state would reaffirm itself in the first decades of the 20th century as a factor of equilibrium and of collective security in the Balkan Peninsula, in the context of the two wars which were about to begin (1912;1913), both conflicts which would precede the greatest diplomatic and military conflict known to international society until that time, namely the First World War (1914-1918). Romania acted in accordance with the principles of public international law regarding its external policy to maintain its sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of state built from the ruins of the former Ottoman Empire, thus acting for the respect of the status quo in the Balkan area according to the regulations of international treaties, seen as formal sources of law.

Austen Chamberlain and the Locarno Treaties revisited

ABSTRACT The approaching centenary of the Locarno conference in October 1925 provides a convenient reason to re-evaluate the significance of the treaties that emerged from it. Often styled as the ‘real’ peace settlement at the end of the First World War, the treaties of Locarno collectively represent one of the most important attempts to ensure lasting peace in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. Central to the treaties’ reputation as the ‘real’ peace settlement is their role in rehabilitating Germany’s Great Powers status after the humiliation suffered at the Paris Peace Conference six years earlier. The Locarno agreements have been seen as one of the rare highpoints in post-First World War Western European diplomacy. They were viewed by contemporaries as a real diplomatic breakthrough that would allow finally for the ghosts of the enmities that had caused the First World War to be laid to rest, although subsequent generations of scholars have been much more critical about what the agreements achieved in the long-term. This article focuses on the contribution made to the conference by the head of the British delegation, the Foreign Secretary, Sir Austen Chamberlain. It re-examines his diplomatic priorities, especially his reputation as a Francophile. Its central thesis is that Chamberlain himself can be seen to embody the essential reasons why the Locarno agreements were heralded as a success at the time of their conclusion, but less so with the perspective of hindsight. The treaties contained within them two opposing diplomatic forces. On the one hand, the remnants of the pre-war national state system, with its emphasis on diplomatic self-interest, secret, private negotiations, versus the so-called ‘new’ diplomacy: international, open, democratic and accountable. This rendered most of the European diplomatic problems in the post-First World War era intractable; indeed that they were incapable of resolution by anyone. Chamberlain’s entire engagement with the western European security question during the mid-1920s can be seen as evidence not only of those tensions but of the futility of trying to resolve them.

Stała Współpraca Strukturalna (PESCO) jako przykład dyferencjalizmu eksperymentalnego w Unii Europejskiej

POLAND IN THE EUROPEAN UNION TOWARDS EUROSCEPTIC SELF-ISOLATION By joining the European Union on 1 May 2004, Poland symbolically finalized the transformation process from the position of a nation state (NS) towards a member state (MS). The European Union Member States, in addition to being the main actors of the integration process, are also affected by various natural centrifugal forces in this atypical international organization. It results from selfishness and particularism of the states as well as from natural national selfinterests, on which stable national preferences are clearly defined and exposed by member states. From the perspective of the transformation process of Poland as the largest and most important EU member state located in Central and Eastern Europe, we can distinguish two periods: 1. 2004-2015. At that time, Poland strongly supported the European Commission (EC) and the Community method, which gives the EC a central role in the decision-making process. This period can be defined by the process of transition from a nation state to a Member State. 2. From 2015, when Poland was ruled by anti-liberal and more Eurosceptic government. This period, in turn, can be defined by the hybrid accumulation of features of a national state and a Member State, which makes us deal with a national member state (NMS). However, the tendency that can be observed runs in the direction of a backward transformation from a Member State to a nation-state. The subject of this study is only the second period in the European policy of Poland expressed by the accumulation of the features of NS and MS with a tendency in the reverse direction of transformation from a Member State to a nation- state. The main research thesis focuses on the statement that after 2015 Poland in the European Union drifts towards Eurosceptic self-isolation.

National Character and State Defense Based on Local Tapis Lampung Culture as an Effort to Strengthen National Identity

Indonesia, with a diverse population of many ethnic groups and rich cultural heritage, is a global, non-competitive multicultural country. Like the variety of flowers in this country's gardens, Indonesia's mosaic of cultures and beliefs is also diverse. Indonesia's rich cultural diversity attracts tourists and is a source of innovation for creative industries. In an effort to fortify Indonesian nationalism, this research aims to display handmade art works by Tapis Lampung. The research methodology used is qualitative using descriptive literature study methodology. Based on research findings, Tapis Lampung is a type of traditional textile that is embroidered with decorative sugi designs using cotton thread and silver or gold thread. The Lampung indigenous people store their life values and character in this Tapis cloth, which is also used in various traditional, religious and wedding events. One of the characteristics of Indonesian society is the Tapis Lampung cloth which is widely sold both domestically and internationally. Tapis Lampung is a cultural achievement of the Lampung people, according to examination from various sources.

Competency Mapping of Key Stakeholders in Procurement and Contracting of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program Goods and Services in an Eastern Indian State

Abstract Background: The National Tuberculosis Elimination Program is a complex program, and the program officers are involved in the procurement and contracting of goods and services under it. A competency mapping was conducted to highlight the current capacity gaps in contract management at state and district levels under the program. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted with 15 participants involved in procurement and contracting in two districts of the state using a semi-structured questionnaire, and results were presented using the descriptive statistical analysis. Results: A total of 15 different stakeholders from the National Health Mission, State and District Tuberculosis (TB) Cell, State TB Training and Demonstration Centre, and State Medical Corporation participated in the study. The participants had an average of 10.3 years of experience in contracting, and 20% of them had received some training on contracting. The capacity of these respondents varied based on their involvement, previous training (s) received, and technical background. It was further observed that most of the respondents suggested an in-person physical training instead of virtual training. Most of the respondents requested to issue training certificate. Some of the topics that the participants requested for further training include Digital Signature Certification, Government e-Marketplace, General Financial Rule, Public Financial Management System, monitoring of performance indicators, and bid evaluation techniques. Moreover, 92% of the respondents felt that there is a training need on procurement and contracting. Conclusions: Many a time, the program officers come from a technical background not relevant to the contracting and procurement of goods and services and require regular on-the-job support and training to aid in effective program delivery.

National Resilience and State Defense Regarding Papuan Separatism

The question of separatism in Papua has long been a critical issue affecting Indonesia's national security. This research aims to analyze the dynamics of separatism in Papua as well as the state defense strategy implemented by the Indonesian government in an effort to strengthen national resilience. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature study and documentation approach related to government policies, existing conflicts, and community responses. Research findings show that factors such as socioeconomic marginalization, ethnic identity, and colonial history contribute significantly to separatist aspirations in Papua. In addition, excessive security approaches often worsen rather than improve the security situation. In this context, the concept of national defense is not only understood as a military defense effort, but also as an inclusive strategy that promotes just social, economic and political development. This research recommends that an effective state defense strategy must involve constructive dialogue between the government and the Papuan people, recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples, and greater investment in human and infrastructure development. It is hoped that implementing this approach can reduce tensions and support stronger social integration between Papua and Indonesia as a whole.

A ameaça da guerra cognitiva na América: desafios e oportunidades para a cooperação interamericana.

This article deals with the threat of cognitive warfare on the American Continent within the scope of hybrid threats. Through bibliographical research and case studies of cognitive warfare against national states, it was possible to outline the characteristics of this phenomenon, its objectives, strategies, and tactics. The accelerated technological evolution, the emergence of social media and the hyperconnectivity of people have shaped that type of war and Sun Tzu's thought of defeating opponents without necessarily facing them in a kinetic way. It is plausible to consider that America is already at war. The great challenge is to define how to preserve democracies without tending towards authoritarianism and restricting freedom of expression; and without succumbing to the change in people's minds. On the other hand, the threat, if well understood, can be transformed into an opportunity to integrate efforts, and establish a cognitive defense of countries and the hemisphere.

The Unity and Struggle of Opposites in Concepts of the Right of Nations to Self-Determination Developed by V.I. Lenin and V. Wilson

The paper deals with the conflict between the concepts of self-determination stated by V.I. Lenin and V. Wilson, which determined the formation of a new world order from the beginning of the 20th century until the end of the Second World War, which is based on the political and legal idea of self-determination.In 1914, Vladimir Lenin put forward the concept of self-determination in the article «On the right of nations to self-determination», which was dedicated to the confrontation between the «oppressive» and «oppressed» nation with the right to secede the latter and «form a national state». This concept was taken up by American President Woodrow Wilson. He used it as a basis for the «Fourteen Points» when addressing the US Congress in 1917 as a political formula and legal justification for the US entry into the First World War, the fragmentation of Europe into nation states and the increase in political influence.The author concludes that the principle of self-determination, developed by Lenin and further developed by Wilson, was based on various ideological premises and initially had a diametrically opposite meaning. Whereas in Lenin’s work the emphasis was on the creation of a sovereign state up to the point of secession and/or annexation to another state, but under the protection of international law, then for Wilson self-determination was almost identical to «government of the people» or «government by consent», with the possibility of exerting political influence on a self-determined nation and justifying military conflicts with the participation of the United States in Latin America.Exploring the conceptual component of ideas, foreign policy documents of Soviet and American diplomacy, the author, based on an analysis of the world order that emerged after the First World War and the rapid process of national liberation movements and decolonization, concludes about the stunning influence of the Leninist formula on the emergence of new states in Europe, Asia, and others regions of the world, as well as for the return of the national outskirts of the former Russian Empire lost as a result of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty.

INCLUSIVE CAPITALISM AS A GLOBALIST PROJECT AND RUSSIAN CIVILIZATION

The emerging concept of inclusive capitalism and the consequences of its implementation for Russian civilization are considered. It is shown that this concept is another version of the theory of “national welfare”, which hides the real plans of the globalists to establish their dominance in the world with the help of digital technologies for managing society and the economy in the long term. The role of national states will be reduced to the level of subordinate structures of a certain global corporation governing the whole world. However, such a development of events is not predetermined and will meet serious resistance from the main part of humanity. Special attention is paid to the fact that the practical implementation of the main provisions of the theory of inclusive capitalism undermines the historical, socio-cultural foundations of Russian civilization.

Shifting responsibilities and security threats by depriving foreign terrorist fighters of their nationality

Abstract One of the ways in which States of nationality have responded to the potential security threat posed by foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs) and their family members who travelled to Syria and Iraq, is by stripping them of their nationality. This practice constitutes a form of ‘buck-passing’, as States shun their responsibilities and export the problem to other States or actors like the Syrian Democratic Forces. When a State strips its nationality, the depriving State is no longer responsible to take back its former national, while another State of nationality is now responsible to admit the FTF or family member and subsequently prosecute, re-integrate, rehabilitate, and monitor her or him if necessary. Furthermore, when the person concerned poses a possible security threat, it is not only a responsibility over the person that is exported to other States but also a risk of terrorism as well as a burden to counter that risk. The practice of nationality deprivation has extensively been scrutinized from a human rights perspective, with a focus on its consequences towards the individual concerned. This article, however, takes a different approach and looks at this practice from the perspective of inter-state relations, focusing on how it affects other involved States or actors. Thus, instead of focusing on international human rights law, this article looks at the inter-state perspective to nationality deprivation and examines public international law’s position towards this practice of buck-passing by examining other rules and obligations.

Антиномічна природа штучного права

Circumstances of earthly life, various vital factors that took place in society, the national state, and interstate relations require specific regulation. The creative atmosphere of a person generates a powerful set of laws. Their number is constantly growing, which requires constant attention to quality, as insoluble, insurmountable contradictions appear. Knowing these contradictions is inextricably linked with doubts. A person does not directly confront the reality of life. Her mind cannot go beyond synergistic, invisible narratives. Therefore, she is forced to create norms and laws for every case of life (this is such an effort). Of course, all regulations begin with customs and moral traditions. These man-made norms also form the basis of man-made laws, which should ensure good relations between people, with the state, between states, etc. But we know that good can be normative and non-normative. It depends on the current morality and laws. The quality of morality and the quality of laws contribute to normative or non-normative good. What causes this phenomenon? Undoubtedly, the reason lies in the legitimate antinomian nature of artificial law. Artificial law arises from artificial morality, from artificial ideology, politics, etc. It should be noted that the cited architectural factors of artificial law are sources of contradictory thinking in rulemaking: ontological thinking cannot accept the leap-like, inconsistent, mostly contradictory logic of deontological legal thinking. That is why it is impossible for a person to combine all deontological laws into a single artificial law due to the essence of the agreement between them. A problem arises: how to combine existing antinomies with the creation of a state. Society has its antinomies of morality, and the state also has some artificial ones – newly introduced moral norms, customs, traditions. And it is impossible to reduce these norms into one artificial law – the natural laws of conservation of energy and momentum will not work, legal reflection will not work, etc. That is, mandatory synergistic law has No. place for artificial, positive law due to the presence of various kinds of antinomies. There are few ways out of this state, but one of them is the observance of ontological morality by the state; implementation of ontological, legal ideology and ontological legal policy. Ontological morality is consistent with natural and supernatural law. This is their visible part. If there are No. antinomies in natural and supernatural law, then they are also absent in ontological morality, since it is called virtue. It is necessary to find out what place virtue occupies in positive law, which is the most antinomian in nature.

Why do some cities support irregular migrants? Qualitative comparative analysis of municipal activism for irregular migrants in 13 European global cities

ABSTRACT The present study seeks to understand under which conditions cities enact inclusionary policies and practices for irregular migrants. Previous research points out the influence of political ideology, local autonomy, economic capacity, diversity, or civil society alliances. We argue that a city’s proactive and supportive stance towards irregular migrants may not be explained fully by one or another single factor, but rather by their combination. Through a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of 13 European cities, it was found that the combination of a political discrepancy between the local government and national state, as well as local alliances between the municipality and local civil society organizations, is a necessary condition for municipalities to take a proactive and supportive stance towards irregular migrants.

The State of Nationalism (SoN): Nationalism and International Conflict

Does nationalism increase the probability of international conflict? An affirmative answer has intuitive appeal: Nationalists promote force to protect their land and people from foreign threats. Research on nationalism in international conflict implicates elites, masses, and political interactions between these actors when asserting its status as a powerful force that raises the risk for interstate wars. Yet both micro- and macro-level evidence cautions against drawing broad conclusions about how nationalism affects conflict. Nationalism sometimes prompts aggression. In other contexts, nationalism produces restraint. Systematic knowledge about how nationalism relates to international conflict therefore requires answers to questions about which nationalisms promote conflict and whose nationalism matters. This article first reviews theory and evidence about nationalism’s conflict-causing potential. We discuss the microfoundations that link nationalism to foreign policy attitudes before describing research that implicates nationalism as a cause of militarized conflict. Next, we argue that understanding the complex relationships between nationalism and conflict requires theorizing the causal processes that connect various stakeholders’ nationalism to foreign policy outcomes. Moreover, research on identity content suggests that nationalism is compatible with a variety of foreign policy preferences. Throughout, we centre research that features nationalism as a principal independent variable or causal mechanism precipitating conflict. Any review about nationalism must contend with the delicate matter of conceptualization — the field contains nearly as many definitions for nationalism as articles about nationalism and war. The research we discuss variously describes nationalism as an identity, ideology, or belief, for example. For our purposes, nationalism captures a set of sentiments related to a national group and its superiority. This broad perspective centers the phenomenon implicated in international conflict research.

The State of Nationalism (SoN): Nationalism and Religion

The relationship between religion and nationalism has received increasing scholarly attention since the late 1990s. An article I co-authored a decade ago provided a detailed review of this literature as it intersected with macro-culturalist and micro-rationalist theories of violence. Since that time, the field has kept expanding and other reviews covering this topic have been published. In this review, I will follow in their footsteps by providing the reader with coverage of the most influential debates on religion and nationalism.

The State of Nationalism (SoN): Nationalism and Capitalism

While the scholarship on the role capitalism played in the genesis of nationalism is relatively coherent, our understanding of the relationship between those two phenomena once they have emerged is much more disjointed. Are capitalism and nationalism inherently conflictual or is their relationship a symbiotic one? Under what conditions is one of those two patterns more likely? Clues about this dimension of the link between capitalism and nationalism are not readily available in existing accounts of either phenomenon. The goal of this article, therefore, is to cull and systematize various strands of ideas about how these two phenomena might be connected.