Haryana State Research Articles

Assessment and identification of risk factors associated with avian coccidiosis in Haryana, India

Coccidiosis caused by protozoan parasite of Eimeria species is one of the most important poultry diseases prevalent in different parts of globe including India. The parasite invades the intestinal cells and the disease is characterised by enteritis and diarrhoea leading to weight loss, altered feed conversion ratio, poor growth and eventually death of affected birds. A survey on commercial poultry farms was conducted in 10 districts of Haryana state, India, using a questionnaire to assess the status of coccidiosis, associated risk factors and management practices followed. On analysis of data, it was found that overall, 15 (28.8%) farms had history of coccidiosis. One-fourth (25%) of the farmers reported the use of anticoccidial drugs for chemoprophylaxis or therapeutic purposes at their farms. Further, on statistical analysis using Chi-square, several factors were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) with occurrence of coccidiosis at these farms including type of birds, capacity of birds, visitor’s entry, litter removal frequency, number of antibiotics used for treatment and foggers use in summer at farms under study. These factors were identified as predisposing and/ or risk factors associated with occurrence of coccidiosis at the farms. The odds of occurrence of coccidiosis were significantly higher (p<0.001) at the farms with presence of risk factors identified in the study as compared to the farms where risk factors were absent. The present study revealed history of coccidiosis at several poultry farms leading to undue economic burden to farmers. For effective management of coccidiosis at the farms, the use of foggers may be discouraged. Moreover, litter may be turned or removed frequently along with judicious use of anti-coccidiostats or other alternatives may be encouraged.

Adoption of Information Technology and its Impact on Human Capital Performance in Micro and Small Enterprises in India

We examined the impact of adoption of information technology on human capital performance of MSEs in India. A sample of 500 respondent firms from north states of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh has been collected from health care services and hospitality sector. To reach the target population judgmental sampling technique has been used. Multiple regression technique and descriptive statistics have been applied to analyse the results. The study found that information technology has positive impact on the work experience and overall employee productivity. So, it is concluded that investment in information technology significantly affects the human capital performance of firms. So, our findings recommended that micro and small firms should invest more and more in human capital to enhances entrepreneurial performance. It also helps in sustainability of business with optimum profits.

Hepatitis in India: challenges, efforts, and recommendations

Hepatitis in India: challenges, efforts, and recommendations

An Analysis of the Public Distribution System in Rural Haryana, India

Abstract Subject and Purpose of the work The present paper aims to analyze the functioning and coverage of the public distribution system in rural Haryana, India. Materials and methods For analyses, secondary data were taken from various government reports like the Economic Survey of Haryana, Economic Survey of India, Census of India, Food and Supply Department, Haryana, etc. The analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics. Results : The study’s findings revealed that the public distribution system facilitates 51.45 percent of the total rural population of Haryana. As Per the guidelines of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) 2013, 75 percent of the rural population should be covered by the States under the benefits of the public distribution system. The public distribution system operates in the State with a vast network of Fair Price Shops (FPS) and a well-organized structure. The study revealed that the ratio of the beneficiaries of PDS to the FPS in Haryana is quite satisfactory and meets the criteria fixed by the Food and Supply Department of India. Conclusions The State of Haryana does not meet the criteria of NFSA, 2013. One primary reason is that a large part of the population falls under the APL category, which has been excluded from the benefits of PDS after the implementation of NFSA, 2013.While the ratio of beneficiaries to FPS indicates the magnificent functioning of FPSs in the State.

Buyers Behaviour of cosmetic products: Study of Haryana

The goal of this research is to investigate how consumers in the Indian state of Haryana feel about spending money on beauty aids. At least one district from each of Haryana's six administrative divisions was chosen to represent the state's total sample size of 754. Buyers in rural and urban areas of Haryana are analysed using a total of 23 criteria and 3 constructs to determine their perceptional behaviour. In order to complete the investigation, exploratory factor analysis was used. Significant (>0.731), moderately significant (KMO = 0.721), and statistically significant (P 0.05) were all found for the parameters. Societal factors, economic factors and the market related factors are showing the significance level and also to their respective items in the present study.

Spatio-temporal analysis of water requirement of maize (Zea mays L.) in Haryana state of India

Climate change have a considerable impact on crop water demand (ETc). The present study analyzed the spatio-temporal variation of the crop water requirement (ETc), crop water surplus deficit index (CWSDI), and the coupling degree of ETc and effective precipitation (Pe) for maize (Zea mays L.) crop grown in Haryana State of India using ArcMap 10.8 software. ETc was calculated using the Penman-Monteith method and crop coefficient (Kc) approach for 34 years (1985-2018) climatic data. Two statistical models, namely Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator, were applied to understand the trend, while Pettitt's test was used to identify abrupt change points by using XLSTAT 2021 software.The result showed that for maize ETc ranged from 571 to 766 mm, CWSDI ranged from -29 to -74% and the degree of coupling of ETc and Pe ranged from 0.26 to 0.71 during 1985-2018. The decadal temporal variation of these indices indicated that ETc during 2007-2018 was relatively higher than it was from 1985-1995 and 1996-2006. The spatio-temporal values of CWSDI indicated that almost all the districts were under water deficit conditions for growing maize crop.Trend analysis showed significantly increasing trend of CWR for most of the districts except Jind, Mewat, Palwal, Panchkula, Rewari, Rohtak and Yamunanagar.The abrupt change point detection analysis of CWR indicates toward different change points, with maximum change points between the years 2004–2008.Such information will help to the farmers in the effective management of water for sustainable production under climate change in the near future.

Estimation of reference evapotranspiration using artificial neural network models for semi-arid region of Haryana

The study was conducted to evaluate performance of artificial neural network (ANN) models for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET0) for semi-arid region of Haryana state. Ten years (2011-2020) daily weather data of maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sun shine hours was collected from the meteorological observatory at CCS HAU, Hisar. Multilayer perceptron feed forward back propagation ANN models were evaluated for different training algorithms (10), number of hidden layers (1-3) and number of neurons in hidden layers (1-30). Training algorithms compared in the study were heuristic techniques (GDA, GDX, RP), conjugate gradient (CGF, CGP, CGB, SCG), quasi-Newton (BFG, OSS) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM). Results were compared against standard FAO Penman-Monteith method. The study revealed that best performance for ANN was found with LM algorithm in single layer of 13 neurons exhibiting RMSE, R, ME and RPD values 0.306, 0.986, 0.976 and 6.63, respectively. ANN models showed good performance in prediction of reference evapotranspiration.

Knowledge of Private Practitioners Regarding Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program- A Cross-Sectional Study from the Haryana state of India.

India's aim to achieve tuberculosis (TB) eradication by 2025 necessitates the engagement of all stakeholders, encompassing both private and public sectors, across all phases of the TB program - spanning from diagnosis to the curative outcome. However, certain private practitioners pursue an individualized approach instead of adopting a collective strategy, thereby contributing to the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Consequently, in order to formulate an enhanced strategy that fosters improved collaboration and professional behavioral change among all partners, it is imperative to comprehensively assess their level of knowledge. This study aims to assess the knowledge level of private practitioners with regard to the diagnosis and management of pulmonary tuberculosis cases within the framework of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP). A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 78 selected private practitioners located in seven towns within the Sonepat district of Haryana State, India. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Sonepat, Haryana. Data collection involved the utilization of a self-administered, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was applied, utilizing proportions and percentages. The collective understanding of private practitioners concerning Tuberculosis and RNTCP was found to be deficient. Around one-third of the practitioners reported that they had not received any visits from health workers in relation to RNTCP. A mere 33% of the practitioners had attended any Continuing Medical Education (CME) sessions, and only a quarter of the participants expressed an intention to collaborate with the RNTCP program. In conclusion, this study underscores the necessity for RNTCP to focus on fostering the willingness of private practitioners to engage with the program, while simultaneously enhancing their knowledge about Tuberculosis and RNTCP.

Estimation of groundwater storage loss for the Indian Ganga Basin using multiple lines of evidence

We used remote sensing data, field observations and numerical groundwater modelling to investigate long-term groundwater storage losses in the regional aquifer of the Ganga Basin in India. This comprised trend analysis for groundwater level observations from 2851 monitoring bores, groundwater storage anomaly estimation using GRACE and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data sets and numerical modelling of long-term groundwater storage changes underpinned by over 50,000 groundwater level observations and uncertainty analysis. Three analyses based on different methods consistently informed that groundwater storage in the aquifer is declining at a significant rate. Groundwater level trend indicated storage loss in the range − 1.1 to − 3.3 cm year−1 (median − 2.6 cm year−1) while the modelling and GRACE storage anomaly methods indicated the storage loss in the range of − 2.1 to − 4.5 cm year−1 (median − 3.2 cm year−1) and − 1.0 to − 4.2 cm year−1 (median − 1.7 cm year−1) respectively. Probabilistic modelling analysis also indicated that the average groundwater storage is declining in all the major basin states, the highest declining trend being in the western states of Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. While smaller compared to the western states, average groundwater storage in states further towards east—Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal within the basin are also declining. Time series of storage anomalies obtained from the three methods showed similar trends. Probabilistic storage analysis using the numerical model vetted by observed trend analysis and GRACE data provides the opportunity for predictive analysis of storage changes for future climate and other scenarios.

Impact of Infrastructure on Socio-economic Development in Rural Areas: Evidence from the State of Haryana, India

With a background to enhance the individual’s capability and providing opportunities to rural community, rural development is unavoidable. Taking this idea of socio-economic enhancement at rural level, this paper examines the impact of rural infrastructure on the socio-economic development (SED) of rural people. Different dimensions related to rural infrastructure and SED are extracted in this paper using factor analysis. Regression analysis is employed using dimensions of rural infrastructure as independent variables and SED as dependent variables. Creation of water facilities as part of rural infrastructure was found to be the core dimension impacting the socio-economic life of the rural people followed by infrastructure maintenance and management of resources. Performance evaluation of panchayats, as a part of rural governance and execution of rural developmental activities, reveals that North Haryana leads on most of the parameters as compared to other parts of Haryana.

Energy conservation prospects in water intensive Paddy-Wheat cropping system for groundwater pumping in the semi-arid region of Haryana.

The study was aimed at identifying the potential energy saving for groundwater pumping through enhanced efficiency of the pump sets. A total of 65 electrically powered tube wells were selected in the Sonipat district of the north Indian State of Haryana to study the energy use efficiency for groundwater pumping. The existing efficiency as well as the minimum expected overall efficiency of the tubewells were determined based on field survey, measurements, and applicable standard code of the Bureau of India Standards. The overall efficiencies of selected tube wells, computed based on actual measured power consumption, varied from 10.1% to 56.6% in the Sonipat block and 15.3% to 52.8% in the Rai block. The average energy requirement, for the selected tube wells, at the current efficiency level was 4,364.0 and 13,100.4 kWh for wheat and paddy crops, respectively, in the Sonipat block, while it was 3,424.8 and 10,280.9 kWh for wheat and paddy crops, respectively, in the Rai block. Analysis revealed that improving overall efficiency from the current level to the minimum expected level can lead to energy savings of 48.3% and 35.9% for tube wells in the Sonipat and Rai block, respectively. In the Rai block, where the groundwater level has declined significantly, the replacement of inefficient pumps should be done in tandem with crop diversification, improving water application efficiency and groundwater status by employing improved irrigation management practices and adopting groundwater recharge techniques.

Floristic diversity of native wild ornamental plants of Aravalli Hill Range: a case study from district Rewari, Haryana, India

Ornamental plants are important constituent of floristic diversity which beautify and glorify our surroundings. They add a positive attitude to life, intensify the feeling of happiness, and enhance the economic value of the estate. There has been a growing trend promoted by environmentalists, ecologists, and horticulturalists toward the inclusion of new wild ornamental plants (WOPs) for minimising their maintenance costs and enhancing their survival rate. The current study inventorised the floristic diversity of native WOPs of the Aravalli Hill Range of Haryana State. Researchers recorded 88 native WOPs species belonging to 40 plant families. Asteraceae and Poaceae are the most dominant families, contributing seven species each followed by Fabaceae and Malvaceae with six species each. The habit wise distribution of native WOPs from the Aravalli hill ranges depicted that herbaceous types of plants are dominant with 53.4 % followed by trees (18.2 %), climbers (14.8 %), and shrubs (11.4%). These native WOPs were found suitable for various ornamental purposes which ranges from the garden, potted, medicinal, lawn cover, avenue tree, hedge/fencing, edible, religious/ ceremonial, road dividers, cacti, succulent, and indoor foliage. The current study documented four plants, viz., Argyreia cuneata (Willd.) Ker Gawl., Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr., Pulicaria wightiana (DC.) C.B.Clarke, and Rivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy. endemic to the Indian subcontinent. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC., Cleome viscosa L., Saccharum spontaneum L., and Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. were reported to have somewhat invasive potential in this region. Further, it is also suggested to introduce some potential native WOPs into domestication by florists, horticulturists, nurserymen, and municipal authorities for the protection, conservation, and perpetuation of these plants to minimize the use of foreign floral species to control the further spread of alien plants.

Incentivizing alternatives to agricultural waste burning in Northern India: trust, awareness, and access as barriers to adoption

The burning of agricultural residue from previous season’s rice crop, primarily in the states of Punjab and Haryana, is a key contributor to poor air quality during the winter across North India. Air quality can deteriorate to catastrophic levels during the Agricultural Waste Burning (AWB) season in October–November, when fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations can exceed WHO daily maxima over a sustained period by an order of magnitude or more, over a large swathe of the Indo-Gangetic plain. Over the past decade, attempts by Indian governments to change farmer behavior by incentivizing the use of novel technologies for managing rice residue without burning it have been met with little success. This paper uses farmer and expert interviews, as well as secondary data, to examine the barriers to adoption of these technologies in the state of Punjab. We analyze how operational factors (such as farm size, timing, technology availability, and choice) affect a farmers’ decision to choose (or not) a rice residue management practice. We develop a financial model for analyzing the costs of residue management technologies that are consistent with the decision-making process of both small and large farmers. We find that more sustainable residue management practices can be cost effective relative to residue burn, especially when existing subsidies are applied. However, difficulties in accessing technological alternatives to AWB and subsidies for their use and a lack of trust in the government’s ability to deliver the full benefits of subsidies, all contribute the low adoption of technological alternatives to AWB.

An Overview of Neurotrauma Care in UCMS and GTB Hospital, New Delhi

AbstractUniversity College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and the associated Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital (GTBH) is one of the largest tertiary care centers in the National capital of Delhi. It caters to a large volume of patients mainly from north east Delhi along with neighboring states of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Since the establishment of neurosurgery department in 1997, the department has contributed significantly toward neurotrauma care. With the upgradation of infrastructure in recent years, the department surely has a bright future in neurotrauma services benefiting a huge population. In this article, I have tried to describe the brief history of neurotrauma care, present status of manpower, and infrastructure to manage trauma patients, difficulties yet to overcome and roadmap for future.

ANALYZE THE DRINKING WATER QUALITY AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN RURAL HARYANA: A CASE STUDY OF JIND DISTRICT

found in the oceans. 1.5 percent of water is found in polar ice, and only 1 percent of water is found in the form of rivers, lakes and underground water. Only 3 percent of the water on earth is present in the form of fresh water. Therefore, due to less availability of fresh and clean water on the earth, the problem of water scarcity has started emerging in various areas. As a result, conserving water becomes a far more important step in finding a solution. Under this research work, information related to water resource management in rural areas of the JIND district of Haryana state has been displayed. Under which water sources are available in rural areas of the district, the quality of drinking water, the utility of water in various works, implemented schemes, and water conservation methods related to water conservation in the district have been demonstrated. This research work has been completed based on primary and secondary data. Under this research work, primary data has been collected by random sampling of rural areas of JIND district and secondary data has been gathered from a variety of sources, including magazines, books, research papers, etc. In this manner, information about water conservation in rural areas of the JIND district that was gathered from primary and secondary sources has been described scientifically. As a result, the rural residents of the JIND district are well-versed in water conservation information, and they practice water saving techniques. This research study contributes to the scientific understanding of the data pertaining to the district's rural water resource management.

Evaluation of In Vitro Efficacy of Commercial Fungicides Against Alternaria Alternata Isolates Causing Leaf Spot on Populus Deltoides

Poplar is the one of the domesticated forest trees in India and has better synergy with agriculture system than forestry operations. Populus deltoides have shown great promise in north-western part of India. Many a times, single clone of poplars have been propagated extensively. Ninety per cent of the total planted poplar comprises of clones G-48, WSL-22, WSL-39, Udai, WSL-32, Wimco81 and S7C15 in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. High incidence of Alternaria leaf spot was noticed on different commercial clones of P. deltoides (G-48, Udai, WSL-22 and WSL-39) during surveys in poplar nurseries (2009-11). The most common method of managing plant diseases is use of fungicides. In vitro efficacy of two fungicides, namely, propiconazole (systemic) and chlorothalonil (non-systemic) was tested against Alternaria alternata isolates using poisoned food technique. It was observed that propiconazole was more effective in suppressing the growth of the fungus than chlorothalonil as cent per cent inhibition was achieved for all the isolates at 40ppm. On the other hand, cent per cent inhibition of growth was achieved for only four isolates, no. A15, A24, A41 and A47 at highest concentration of 400ppm of chlorothalonil. The study indicated that propiconazole proved to be effective at a very low concentration of 40ppm against A. alternata under in vitro conditions.

The Role Of Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya In Girls Education: A Study Of Haryana State

The Role Of Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya In Girls Education: A Study Of Haryana State

Future aspirations and planning of dairy farmers in India: Horizon 2020

Indian milk production has shown remarkable performance during last four decades. Although the demand for milk is increasing at faster pace in consonance with increasing per capita income, changing dietary pattern, rapid urbanization and burgeoning population, some milk producers do not find milk production as sufficiently remunerative. Keeping these facts in view, a study was conducted to document the present status and future aspirations of dairy farmers in India by 2020. Haryana, Maharashtra and Odisha states were purposively selected from highly, moderately and least dairy progressive states by stratified random sampling, respectively. The total sample size was 900 containing 300 dairy farmers from each state. Study revealed that there is a likelihood of increase in average herd size in all the three states, although number of dairy farmers are likely to decrease. In Haryana, buffalo based system will remain dominating, large scale crossbred and pure indigenous farms will arise. In Maharashtra, farmers showed more inclination towards the crossbred cattle as 44.52% wanted to increase crossbred and 30.14% wanted to carry forward the same. Indigenous cattle will be reared only in extensive system of management. Buffalo based farms will come up in the future. In Odisha, though farmers are interested in crossbred, the dairy farming is highly constrained by lack of skill, input availability especially fodder. Managerial practices in Haryana showed more inclination towards input intensive, in Maharashtra farmers are moving towards intensive system and adoption of improved housing, feeding, finance are likely to appear in Maharashtra. To achieve the future demand, efforts are required to improve the skills of farmers in low progressive states, proper breeding strategies for increasing milk potential of animals, use of local available resources and competitiveness among the farmers.

Multisectoral prioritization of zoonotic diseases in Haryana (India) using one health approach

Zoonotic diseases have huge livestock and public health burden worldwide, including India. Prioritizing zoonotic diseases is one of the important tasks under ‘One Health’ as it facilitates effective policy making, proper allocation of resources and promotion of multisectoral collaboration. Although some efforts have been made to prioritizing zoonotic diseases at national level in India, it is important to identify priority diseases in regional settings due to wide variation in climate and demography of different states. Therefore, the present study aims to prioritize zoonotic diseases for the state of Haryana (India). One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization (OHZDP) tool was used in this study to prioritize zoonotic diseases. Based on literature review of the past 23 years (2000–2022) on prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of zoonotic diseases, twenty-three high-scoring zoonotic diseases in Haryana and neighboring states of India were initially shortlisted for prioritization. A three-day participatory workshop was conducted involving 17 experts representing the Health, Animal Husbandry and Wildlife departments of Haryana. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to rank the criteria, which were used to score the selected diseases using the decision tree analysis. The participants selected the following 7 criteria along with their relative weights to score the diseases: (1) Severity of disease in humans, (2) Severity of disease in animals, (3) Presence of disease in the region, (4) Transmission and outbreak potential, (5) Socio-economic impact, (6) Availability of interventions, and (7) Existing inter-sectoral collaboration for surveillance and reporting. The top scoring eight diseases selected as priority zoonotic diseases for Haryana were rabies, Japanese encephalitis, bovine tuberculosis, leptospirosis, avian influenza (H5N1), brucellosis, glanders and Influenza A (H1N1). Sensitivity analysis did not reveal any significant variation in prioritization results by varying criteria weights. This is the first systemic attempt to prioritize zoonotic diseases in the state and this will help in formulating effective monitoring, prevention, and control strategies for zoonotic diseases in the regional settings.

Impact of Farm Mechanization on Productivity and Profitability of Wheat in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

The paper examinedthe status of farm mechanization and its impact on the yield and profitability of wheat in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India. The tools of indexing technique, farm business analysis, and regression adjustment were used on plot level cost of cultivation data for the year 2016-17 to arrive at the objectives of the study. It was found that farm mechanization was high in the state of Punjab and Haryana and low in Bihar and UP. Further, mechanization was high on large farms in comparison to smaller farms. Mechanization had impacted the yield of wheat positively in the state of Haryana and Bihar and negatively in Punjab and UP. Thus, there is a need to step up efforts to enhance the pace of mechanization in low-mechanized states, particularly on smaller farms. Keywords: Farm mechanization, impact, mechanization index, productivity, profitability. JEL Codes: Q12, Q16, Q17, Q18