Spatio-temporal analysis of water requirement of maize (Zea mays L.) in Haryana state of India

Abstract

Climate change have a considerable impact on crop water demand (ETc). The present study analyzed the spatio-temporal variation of the crop water requirement (ETc), crop water surplus deficit index (CWSDI), and the coupling degree of ETc and effective precipitation (Pe) for maize (Zea mays L.) crop grown in Haryana State of India using ArcMap 10.8 software. ETc was calculated using the Penman-Monteith method and crop coefficient (Kc) approach for 34 years (1985-2018) climatic data. Two statistical models, namely Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator, were applied to understand the trend, while Pettitt's test was used to identify abrupt change points by using XLSTAT 2021 software.The result showed that for maize ETc ranged from 571 to 766 mm, CWSDI ranged from -29 to -74% and the degree of coupling of ETc and Pe ranged from 0.26 to 0.71 during 1985-2018. The decadal temporal variation of these indices indicated that ETc during 2007-2018 was relatively higher than it was from 1985-1995 and 1996-2006. The spatio-temporal values of CWSDI indicated that almost all the districts were under water deficit conditions for growing maize crop.Trend analysis showed significantly increasing trend of CWR for most of the districts except Jind, Mewat, Palwal, Panchkula, Rewari, Rohtak and Yamunanagar.The abrupt change point detection analysis of CWR indicates toward different change points, with maximum change points between the years 2004–2008.Such information will help to the farmers in the effective management of water for sustainable production under climate change in the near future.