State Of Guanajuato Research Articles

GIS-based modeling of residual biomass availability for energy and production in Mexico

Energy demand in Mexico is expected to increase in the foreseeable future; however, recently adopted national policies require that Mexico reduces its dependence on fossil fuel-based energy resources. In order to identify areas with a high potential for renewable energy production, based on agricultural by-products a geographic information system-based model was constructed. The model considered a set of enablers' layers (agriculture residue, roads, electrical network, population, land use) and a set of restrictors' layers (slope, natural protected areas, water bodies, natural vegetation, populated areas, airports, and historical sites). Eight crops were selected: maize, wheat, sugarcane, barley, sorghum, agave, paddy rice, and pecan nut. These were selected based on their residue production, as well as being the ones with sizable production volume in several regions across Mexico, as well as the characteristics of their residual biomass that can be used for generating energy or chemicals, without altering the primary intention for these crops, which is human and animal feed. Four models were developed using a weighted overlay algorithm to construct the enablers' layer while the restrictors' layer was created by selecting features with a given characteristic or by generating buffers from the layer's features. The results show that it is possible to generate up to 70,951 MWh of electricity or 18,373 Gg of Fischer–Tropsch liquids using only 60% of the residual biomass. The distribution of these energy sources in the country is highly variable depending on the type of crop selected with a concentration of the crop residues along the lowlands of the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean and the central states of Guanajuato, Jalisco, and Queretaro. The study covers a very ample set of municipalities throughout the country, therein their relevance.

Main Nutritional and Environmental Risk Factors in Children with Leukemia from a Public Hospital of the State of Guanajuato, Mexico

Introduction:: The prevalence of leukemia in children aged under 19 years continues to increase. Nutritional and environmental factors have been described as causes of their development, and maternal breastfeeding, birth weight, exposure to cow’s milk or to contaminants before 1 year of age, and smoking have been studied. Objective:: To analyze the main nutritional and environmental risk factors in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in a public hospital in Guanajuato, Mexico. Methods:: Analytical and cross-sectional study on 30 children under 18 years of age, with a confirmed diagnosis of ALL in a public hospital in Guanajuato, Mexico. With the signed informed consent of the children’s parents, a questionnaire was applied that collected and in which nutritional risk factors (weeks of gestation and birth weight, breastfeeding, exposure to cow’s milk) and environmental factors (smoking and exposure to arsenic) were evaluated. The frequencies and Odds Ratios (OR) of the main nutritional and environmental risk factors were obtained. Results:: Mean age was 8 ± 4 years with 38 ± 1 weeks of gestation, with a birth weight of 3,200 g (range, 2,500-4,800 g). Fifty percent of the children consumed cow’s milk during their first year of life (40% before 6 months of age); 33.3% received maternal milk for ≤6 months and 63% of the parents had a positive smoking habit, with 66.6% of the participants living in cities with arsenic levels falling outside of the norm. Conclusion:: The main nutritional and environmental risk factors found were early complementary feeding, cow’s milk prior to 1 year of age, a duration of breastfeeding of fewer than 6 months, birth weight of >3,500 g, a positive smoking habit in the children’s parents, as well as exposure to arsenic in drinking water. Identification of these risk factors could constitute an input for integrating novel prevention alternatives and the nutritional management of leukemia.

“Little Dancing Indians”: Tradition and Utopian Listening in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico

AbstractSan Miguel de Allende, a city of 171,857 located in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, most often appears in media outlets in laudatory publicity, advertising this urban space as perfect for voluntary “lifestyle” immigration and tourism both foreign and national. This article addresses the social tensions, fissures, and paradoxes that emerge from specific auralities of San Miguel's temporary residents. Their romanticized reception of traditional Indigenous danza performances contrasts sharply with the perceived noise of hip-hop in the town's historic center. As more and more residents hailing from outside San Miguel search for their own versions of “small town Mexico,” the racialized experiences of young sanmiguelenses are invisibilized in the overwhelmingly positive reception of Indigenous danzas. The championing of mestizaje as the sole visage for Mexican modernity leaves a convenient space for transnational racism located at the nexus of racialized economic privilege and colonial imagination. In this purportedly post-racial ideological context, how can the analysis of settler-colonizer aurality uncover the racialized structures that undergird the nation-state's management of cultural tourism?

1667. Influenza A and B Co-Circulation and Burden: A 2018–2019 Influenza Season Analysis Using the National Active Surveillance Database in Mexico

BackgroundSeasonal influenza is a prevalent respiratory infection for children and adults in Mexico. Influenza A and B viruses co-circulate and there is a need to better understand local epidemiology to inform vaccination recommendations (tri- vs. quadrivalent vaccines). We describe the 2018–2019 influenza season to estimate influenza burden, virus co-circulation and understand the vaccine match in Mexico.MethodsWe reviewed preliminary sentinel surveillance data for the influenza season (October 2018–May 2019) from the Mexican Health Secretariat and World Health Organization’s (WHO) FluNet databases. We performed a descriptive analysis of cases and deaths due to influenza-like illness (ILI), severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) and lab-confirmed influenza to estimate the prevalence of influenza A and B circulating strains, per state and age group, and determine B strain vaccine match.ResultsDuring the 2018–2019 season in Mexico, there were 52,525 reported cases of ILI/SARI with 6,997 lab-confirmed influenza cases (28% positivity rate among ILI/SARI) and 787 (11%) deaths (Figures 1 and 2). The states with 36% of cases were Mexico City, State of Mexico, Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, and Guanajuato. More than half of the Mexican states had a high (10–14.9%) to intense (≥15%) accumulated case positivity rate of confirmed influenza in relation to ILI/SARI cases (Figure 3). Most cases were reported among the 1–9 and > 60-year-old groups. 45% of deaths occurred in State of Mexico, Hidalgo, Mexico City, Puebla, and Guanajuato. The seasonal viral profile was dominated by A/H1N1 (68%), followed by B (16%) and A/H3N2 (12%), with 90% of deaths attributed to A/H1N1. FluNet’s influenza B data show Yamagata (55%) and Victoria (27%) co-circulation (Figure 1).ConclusionThe 2018–2019 seasonal co-circulation of influenza A and B viruses in Mexico showed significant nation-wide morbi-mortality burden, with A/H1N1 and B/Yamagata dominance. Stronger B lineage determination is needed in Mexico to understand associated burden and prevent vaccine mismatch, considering the trivalent vaccine does not contain both B strains. Given the circulation of both influenza B lineages and the recommendation of the WHO, Mexico could enhance quadrivalent vaccine use in coming seasons to optimize protection. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Risk of developing malignant pleural mesothelioma in a rural population exposed to Erionite from the State of Guanajuato, Mexico

Risk of developing malignant pleural mesothelioma in a rural population exposed to Erionite from the State of Guanajuato, Mexico

STAFF TURNOVER IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN THE STATE OF GUANAJUATO, MEXICO

Objective: To identify the main causes of staff turnover in the hotel industry in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. Method: The research is qualitative with descriptive scope and non-experimental design. Semi-structured interviews were applied to 67 hotel staff managers in Guanajuato capital. Relevance: In Mexico, tourism activity is considered an engine for economic development because of its great contribution to the Gross Domestic Product. This activity is characterized by the high employment of human resources involved in the process of providing services, however, in recent years there has been a high level of staff turnover in this industry, so study the causes of this phenomenon is relevant. Results: The main causes of staff turnover in the hotel industry in the state of Guanajuato Mexico are: a) the compensation system; b) recruitment and selection of personnel; and c) the demotivation of employees. Contributions: In addition to diagnosis, some low-cost strategies were designed to attack each of the triggers of staff turnover in this industry.

STAFF TURNOVER IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN THE STATE OF GUANAJUATO, MEXICO

Objetivo: Identificar las principales causas de rotación de personal en la industria hotelera en el estado de Guanajuato, México. Método: La investigación es cualitativa con alcance descriptivo y diseño no experimental. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 67 encargados de personal de hoteles en Guanajuato capital. Relevancia: En México la actividad turística es considerada un motor para el desarrollo económico por su gran aportación al Producto Interno Bruto. Esta actividad se caracteriza por el alto empleo de recursos humanos que intervienen en el proceso de prestación de servicios, sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha observado un alto nivel de rotación de personal en esta industria, por lo cual estudiar las causas de este fenómeno resulta relevante. Resultados: Las principales causas de rotación de personal en la industria hotelera en el estado de Guanajuato México son: a) el sistema de compensaciones; b) el reclutamiento y selección de personal; y c) la desmotivación de los empleados. Contribuciones: Además del diagnóstico, se diseñaron algunas estrategias de bajo costo para atacar cada uno de los factores detonadores de la rotación de personal en esta industria.

Configuraciones de masculinidad en los bailes al estilo huapanguero merequetengue en Guanajuato: Una aproximación queer desde la autoetnografía

Este estudio analiza la participación de los hombres y la performance de las masculinidades a través de la práctica social y dancística del huapanguero merequetengue en el estado mexicano de Guanajuato. A partir de una descripción densa se identifican tres modelos distintos de masculinidad observados en los mensajes corporales de los bailarines. En segundo lugar, y recurriendo al método autoetnográfico, se ofrece una interpretación de las dinámicas socioafectivas que se desarrollan gracias a la práctica músico-dancística del huapango merequetengue. Finalmente se debaten los aportes de la perspectiva queer, a fin de destacar el papel que la subjetividad juega en el proceso de investigación.

La compraventa internacional en tiempos de incertidumbre en la globalización económica

En este artículo se analiza el contrato de compraventa internacional de mercaderías como el instrumento que hace posible las transacciones comerciales internacionales de las empresas que se encuentran instaladas en el Puerto Interior de Guanajuato, México, en tiempos de incertidumbre económica generada por la renegociación del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN). En la elaboración del mismo se hizo un intenso análisis de la doctrina y legislación, tanto nacional como internacional aplicable, asimismo, se utilizó la metodología de observación directa mediante trabajo de campo en el Puerto Interior, pudiéndose constatar la enorme importancia que tiene este puerto para las exportaciones de los productos que las empresas ahí producen, y que permite concluir válidamente que el contrato de compraventa internacional de mercaderías es el instrumento jurídico idóneo para ser utilizado por las empresas instaladas en el referido lugar para hacer sus exportaciones, pues le otorgan seguridad jurídica a las negociaciones comerciales, en un tiempo en el que es preciso fortalecer los instrumentos jurídicos que hacen posible el comercio internacional en tiempos de inestabilidad global económica.

Multianalytical characterization of pigments from rock paintings in Guanajuato, Central México

Among the numerous displays of rock art that exist in México, the state of Guanajuato in the central part of the country can be noted for its abundance of sites displaying rock paintings. The Victoria valley at the northeastern part of the state has around 60 registered sites with these types of representations. Among them, one called La Sobrepiedra was explored with the aim to analyze the pigments employed in its rock painting motifs. La Sobrepiedra was chosen based on its iconographic variety and the deterioration it presents due to water filtration and weathering. Other nearby locations with rock paintings were studied as well: Arroyo Seco and La Cueva del Cuervo. These sites present different type of motifs, and in contrast to La Sobrepiedra, they are well preserved. A rich variety of pigment colors was found in La Sobrepiedra where red, yellow and black were observed, whereas for the other sites the colors were mainly red and some black. Samples carefully extracted from selected motifs were analyzed with Raman spectroscopy. A detached rock containing motifs was additionally recovered from Arroyo Seco and analyzed at the laboratory. In addition to the paintings, small mineral clusters were found close to La Sobrepiedra and Arroyo Seco and analyzed as well, since they could have been used to produce the paintings. The Raman spectra of the examined pigments identified them as hematite, goethite and carbon from organic origin. Additionally, minerals from the support rocks as well as deterioration products were identified. Complementary analytical techniques, including SEM-EDS and infrared spectroscopy were used to confirm the Raman findings. It was also possible to perform a 14C dating for one black anthropomorphic figure from La Sobrepiedra. The possible provenance of the mineral pigments and relevance of the present findings are discussed.

The Role and Efficacy of Creative Imagination in Concept Formation: A Study of Variables for Children in Primary School

Children’s creative imagination is tested through tasks involving narrative and drawing abilities for participants between the age of 8 and 12 years. The test determines the relative importance of ‘narrative’ against ‘graphic’ imagination in interpretive, problem-solving strategies, and also considers how such distinctive functions of the creative imagination could affect ‘general’ creativity of the child learner. Participants were chosen from designated primary schools in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. The test on creativity complements facts from observational methodology in a population of mixed Castilian-speaking children. The name of the test is Prueba de Imaginación Creativa Niños (2008) or ‘Test of Creative Imagination in Children’, the Castilian acronym being PIC-N. It comprised four sub-tests: Three designed to evaluate narrative (verbal) creativity, and one for drawing (i.e., graphic) creativity. The first three ‘exercises’ in the suite indicates (a) fluency, (b) flexibility, and (c) originality in narrative representations, whereas the fourth indexes (d) graphic abilities of the child learner. Results suggest that creative imagination causes variations in specific aspects of creativity, like narrative and graphic improvisation, and also modifies ‘general’ creativity as understood from the perspective of a developmental psychology of learning abilities in growing children within the defined age group.

Financial impact of the shortage and increase of gasoline in the state of Guanajuato

This work is focused on the financial impact that the state of Guanajuato suffered in the first months of this year due to the shortage of gasoline and the increase in its price, the entrepreneurs of the state of Guanajuato are the main affected by the situation that is being experienced in the state since they are quantifying the affectation within the tourist, commercial and industrial sector that are the main source of wealth of the state In the economic report carried out by CITY BANAMEX, we are informed at the beginning of January that the losses on the Gross Domestic Product GDP are in a range of 0.1% to 0.3% due to the shortage of fuel. The crisis due to the shortage of gasoline forced the state of Guanajuato to set the objective of how to face future contingencies and thus be able to count on infrastructure and integral actions.

Financial impact of foreign exchange entering the state of Guanajuato

This work is focused on the financial impact that the state of Guanajuato has for the dozens of families that depend on the currencies sent by their relatives who are in the United States of America since these are the ones that reactivate the economy of the 46 municipalities of the state, the Currencies are almost 90% of the sources of income for families in the state. The Bank of Mexico reported that in the first half of the year more than One Thousand Two Hundred million dollars arrived, then approximately 600 million dollars are arriving in the state per quarter, this money that is sent by migrants has been destined to the basic needs of their relatives a 70% is used in food the other 30% is used in health and housing modifications. This places the state of Guanajuato in 3rd place of migrants to the neighboring country, the currencies for the state represent 6% of the Gross Domestic Product GDP of the state

Economic spillover for the patron saint festivities and events of the GTO brand

The research is based on the fact that so much economic spill leave the patron celebrations or events of the GTO brand, in the state of Guanajuato and in its different municipalities where these events are held, to which a wide publicity is carried out by different means, evoking to that the society consumes local and handmade products, to mention an example in the municipality of Valle de Santiago, the chubby festival was held last June “8 thousand people gathered at the chubby festival , about 20 thousand chubby were consumed, had an economic spill of about 4.5 MDP in a single day ”, this published on the page gourmetaro.com.

Desarrollo de una herramienta de software sistema administración de órdenes e inventario (SAO-DiTOTINOS) para restauran DiTOTINOS

The present describes the results of the first two phases of the investigation that were proposed in order to provide a solution to the DiTotinos restaurant located in the municipality of Moroleón in the state of Guanajuato. The main problem to be treated is the way in which the activity of reporting products available in the warehouse was carried out, as well as following up on the face-to-face and / or telephone orders, which were registered manually, which is why the development of the software tool System Administration of Orders and Inventory DiTOTINOS (SAO-DiTOTINOS) was suggested. This software will have the function of controlling the entries and exits of the products of the inventory and administer the orders, for which the following methodology was applied: phase I, Development of software tools (using sequential linear development methodology), phase II, Implement the software tool. With this, the direct beneficiary is the restaurant company DiTotinos, mainly the order and inventory area.

Tourist Competitiveness, an interpretation for the Pueblo Mágico of Salvatierra, Guanajuato, Mexico

The objective of the research is to make an interpretation of the analytical tourist tourism competition The 2017 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum, the guide for the execution of Magical Towns and the Model of Tourism Excellence of the state of Guanjuato. The research approach is qualitative, qualitative research seeks subjectivity and explaining and understanding individual and group subjective interactions and meanings. (Álvarez- Gayou, 2012). Interpretive referential framework Hermeneutical Phenomenology, which seeks to discover non-multiple meanings, analyze and describe them (Álvarez-Gayou, 2012). Proposing to establish indicators of tourism competitiveness for the Magical Towns of the State of Guanajuato by means of which the form of the tourism situation can be evaluated in order to detect areas of improvement and generate strategies that increase the tourism competitiveness of said tourist destinations and It translates into a benefit for the Magic Town of Salvatierra and the State of Guanajuato.

Producción de Hidrógeno mediante digestión anaerobia de residuos de planta de jitomate

Hydrogen (H2) is recognized as a promising energy carrier among the alternatives for obtaining clean energy, since it has a high energy efficiency (122 kJ / g) and can be obtained from lignocellulosic waste through a biological process. In the state of Guanajuato, high amounts of plant waste derived from tomato cultivation are generated because this is the crop mostly produced through protected agriculture. So, the objective of the present study was to consider tomato plant residues for the generation of hydrogen through the anaerobic digestion process. Two sources of inoculum, native microflora of the tomato plant and anaerobic sludge pretreated at 100 ° C for 24 h; and four mineral media at an initial pH of 6.5 ± 0.2 in batch experiments, were evaluated. The highest yield was 37.4 mLH2 / g SV using native microflora and mineral media with yeast extract. Hydrogen production was found like those reported in the literature for other type of waste, highlighting the no-need to pretreat the substrate or inoculum. Therefore, the methodology propose is efficient to the hydrogen production from tomato plant residues.

Construcción, validación y confiabilidad de la escala de adaptación familiar de adultos con trastornos mentales

Introducción: Los trastornos mentales son enfermedades psiquiátricas que se manifiestan por fallas en el proceso de adaptación y que son expresadas mediante conductas anormales, afectando tanto a la persona que la padece como a todos los miembros de su familia. Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un instrumento para medir la adaptación familiar de adultos con trastornos mentales. Metodología: El instrumento fue construido a partir de las fases propuestas por Sánchez y se desarrollaron los reactivos con base en la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería (NOC) y, previa revisión de la literatura. El instrumento fue aplicado a 261 integrantes de familias con un miembro con problemas de salud mental de la Región Noreste del Estado de Guanajuato, México. Para la validez del constructo se realizó la extracción de factores con componentes principales y rotación Varimax, con Eigenvalores por arriba de 1 y carga de factor mayor a .40. Resultados: El análisis mostró seis factores con una varianza explicada de 62.84%, mientras que el coeficiente de confiabilidad de Alfa de Cronbach osciló entre .62 y .83 para las dimensiones y en la escala total .84. Conclusión: El instrumento mostró que es confiable y válido para medir la adaptación familiar.

Self-employment and Entrepreneurship Profile

The current labor market is characterized by its complexity in the lack of sources of formal employment and added to it, the difficulty that young people, women, the disabled, immigrants and all those over 40 have to find a job stable in any part of our society seeing itself in the need of self-employment. Therefore, the self-employed person is the person who has decided to become their own boss, charging for what they work, generating income that goes directly to their pockets, allowing them not to have intermediaries or companies involved in taking their decisions that They allow you to fulfill all the responsibilities that this economic activity implies. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the profile of entrepreneurship in individuals who are self-employed in order to obtain information that allows identifying, understanding and considering some action strategies that may contribute to the strengthening of self-employment in municipalities of San Luis de la Paz, Dolores Hidalgo and San Diego de la Unión belonging to the state of Guanajuato.

Evidencia serológica de infección por herpesvirus caprino tipo 1 en cabras en México

En México no se han realizado estudios serológicos sobre herpesvirus caprino tipo 1 con el propósito de saber el estado de la infección por CpHV-1. Se llevó a cabo un análisis serológico para determinar la presencia de anticuerpos contra el virus usando un ELISA de bloqueo comercial para detección de anticuerpos contra la glicoproteína B (gB) y glicoproteína E (gE) del herpesvirus bovino tipo 1, de acuerdo con la prueba diagnóstica que se utiliza de forma rutinaria. De un total de 838 animales analizados, 123 (14.68 %) resultaron positivos a la prueba de ELISA. En los estados de Puebla, Morelos, Nuevo León, Ciudad de México, Guanajuato y Querétaro se encontró evidencia serológica de la presencia del CpHV-1 en cabras. Este reporte es el primer estudio que señala la presencia de anticuerpos contra herpesvirus caprino en cabras en México.