Global State Research Articles

Welfare states and their economic policies in a comparative perspective

the research aimed to determine the scope and direction of the economic and social policy in achieving the welfare of society and analyze the main features of the comparison countries, by standing on the extent of Welfare that each country was able to achieve through the results obtained While the importance of the research lies in presenting these comparative models as guiding devices to clarify the analytical differences in determining the role of the state and the status of each pattern of welfare states that produced a policy somewhat different from the policy of economic freedom, The study provided a theoretical and methodological framework to explain differences in the policy of global welfare states. By addressing the patterns of welfare states and the models of social and economic policy followed, and identifying the dimensions of variation that are central to the comparative analysis of welfare states. Therefore, the research problem is centered around the fact that the countries that have achieved a welfare economy are countries based on a market economy. Achieving a welfare economy requires a leading role for the state, and this role is considered an intervention in the market economy. To what extent is this intervention and what are the economic policies adopted by the countries, which made them not on one the line of one initiation in the welfare ladder, Therefore, this sample was selected from countries that differed in their levels of well-being according to their economic policies and the method used, such as Sweden, which had the highest levels of well-being. And France, which mediated the welfare ladder, and Britain, which reached the lowest levels of welfare, in order to know the importance of the approved policy and its role in achieving levels of welfare in order to benefit from it as a method for countries. which seeks to achieve prosperity for its country and its people. Therefore, the most important conclusion came, that the welfare states that attained the highest levels of welfare, the state had a decisive role in three basic tracks: first, by ensuring a minimum income for individuals and families, second, by meeting certain types of social emergencies, and third, by ensuring that all citizens are equal in basic welfare services. Therefore, the most important recommendation came that the state must intervene in a situation regardless of the market mechanism, to create a state of balance between market freedom and social imbalances to achieve a higher degree of social justice.

Welfare states and their economic policies in a comparative perspective

the research aimed to determine the scope and direction of the economic and social policy in achieving the welfare of society and analyze the main features of the comparison countries, by standing on the extent of Welfare that each country was able to achieve through the results obtained While the importance of the research lies in presenting these comparative models as guiding devices to clarify the analytical differences in determining the role of the state and the status of each pattern of welfare states that produced a policy somewhat different from the policy of economic freedom, The study provided a theoretical and methodological framework to explain differences in the policy of global welfare states. By addressing the patterns of welfare states and the models of social and economic policy followed, and identifying the dimensions of variation that are central to the comparative analysis of welfare states. Therefore, the research problem is centered around the fact that the countries that have achieved a welfare economy are countries based on a market economy. Achieving a welfare economy requires a leading role for the state, and this role is considered an intervention in the market economy. To what extent is this intervention and what are the economic policies adopted by the countries, which made them not on one the line of one initiation in the welfare ladder, Therefore, this sample was selected from countries that differed in their levels of well-being according to their economic policies and the method used, such as Sweden, which had the highest levels of well-being. And France, which mediated the welfare ladder, and Britain, which reached the lowest levels of welfare, in order to know the importance of the approved policy and its role in achieving levels of welfare in order to benefit from it as a method for countries. which seeks to achieve prosperity for its country and its people. Therefore, the most important conclusion came, that the welfare states that attained the highest levels of welfare, the state had a decisive role in three basic tracks: first, by ensuring a minimum income for individuals and families, second, by meeting certain types of social emergencies, and third, by ensuring that all citizens are equal in basic welfare services. Therefore, the most important recommendation came that the state must intervene in a situation regardless of the market mechanism, to create a state of balance between market freedom and social imbalances to achieve a higher degree of social justice.

Global microbial water quality data and predictive analytics: Key to health and meeting SDG 6

Microbial water quality is an integral to water security and is directly linked to human health, food safety, and ecosystem services. However, specifically pathogen data and even faecal indicator data (e.g., E. coli), are sparse and scattered, and their availability in different water bodies (e.g., groundwater) and in different socio-economic contexts (e.g., low- and middle-income countries) are inequitable. There is an urgent need to assess and collate microbial data across the world to evaluate the global state of ambient water quality, water treatment, and health risk, as time is running out to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 by 2030. The overall goal of this paper is to illustrate the need and advocate for building a robust and useful microbial water quality database and consortium worldwide that will help achieve SDG 6. We summarize available data and existing databases on microbial water quality, discuss methods for producing new data on microbial water quality, and identify models and analytical tools that utilize microbial data to support decision making. This review identified global datasets (7 databases), and regional datasets for Africa (3 databases), Australia/New Zealand (6 databases), Asia (3 databases), Europe (7 databases), North America (12 databases) and South America (1 database). Data are missing for low- and middle-income countries. Increased laboratory capacity (due to COVID-19 pandemic) and molecular tools can identify potential pollution sources and monitor directly for pathogens. Models and analytical tools can support microbial water quality assessment by making geospatial and temporal inferences where data are lacking. A genomics, information technology (IT), and data revolution is upon us and presents unprecedented opportunities to develop software and devices for real-time logging, automated analysis, standardization, and modelling of microbial data to strengthen knowledge of global water quality. These opportunities should be leveraged for achieving SDG 6 around the world.

Optimized Passivity-based Control of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Source using a Novel Equilibrium Optimizer

Passivity-based control is a well-known strategy for synthesizing stable controllers because it models and manages systems based on their global state space equations. It also permits proving the system's stability by making it passive, which is an undeniable advantage over traditional controllers that have limitations in terms of applications, saturation, and the inability to verify stability. Previous research used nonlinear control based on passivity method to control the energy distribution between the embedded sources, they did not investigate the impact of the dumping matrix parameter, which was typically considered to be a positive random value. In contrast, the results of this investigation show that it significantly affects system behaviour, especially in the transient-state domain. The primary objective of this study is to develop and evaluate an energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicles powered by Fuel Cells as the primary source and Supercapacitors as the secondary source. The fast response with less overshoot is ensured by optimizing the damping matrix parameter using a well-known optimization technique named Novel Equilibrium Optimizer. The proposed technique is successfully demonstrated in a Matlab® simulation environment, and the control system exhibits robust dynamic behaviour. Finally, despite the complexity of this technique's mathematical proof, it provides a simple, efficient feedback control law for a real electrical vehicle application.

Research on Cache Coherence Protocol Verification Method Based on Model Checking

This paper analyzes the underlying logic of the processor’s behavior level code. It proposes an automatic model construction and formal verification method for the cache consistency protocol with the aim of ensuring data consistency in the processor and the correctness of the cache function. The main idea of this method is to analyze the register transfer level (RTL) code directly at the module level and variable level, and extract the key modules and key variables according to the code information. Then, based on key variables, conditional behavior statements are retrieved from the code, and unnecessary statements are deleted. The model construction and simplification of related core states are completed automatically, while also simultaneously generating the attribute library to be verified, using “white list” as the construction strategy. Finally, complete cache consistency protocol verification is implemented in the model detector UPPAAL. Ultimately, this mechanism reduces the 142 state-transition path-guided global states of the cache module to be verified into 4 core functional states driven by consistency protocol implementation, effectively reducing the complexity of the formal model, and extracting 32 verification attributes into 6 verification attributes, reducing the verification time cost by 76.19%.

A Brief History of the Progress of Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metals in Europe

Abstract The progress of additive manufacturing (AM) within the last few decades has been phenomenal, progressing from a polymeric technique to a method for manufacturing metallic aerospace components. We take a look at various technological advances which have helped paved the way for this growth, focussing on European input, as currently, 54% of AM machines are sold by European manufacturers (Wohlers, Campbell, Diegel, Kowen, Mostow, and Fidan, 2022, “Wohlers Report 2022: 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing Global State of the Industry,” Wohlers Associates, ASTM International, Fort Collins, Colo., Washington, DC). We take deep dives into several critical topics including sensing and monitoring, preheating, and multi-laser technology and illustrate how these develop from research ideas into industrial products. Finally, an outlook is provided, highlighting the topics currently gaining research traction, and which are expected to be the next key breakthroughs.

Local Thyroid Hormone Action in Brain Development.

Proper brain development essentially depends on the timed availability of sufficient amounts of thyroid hormone (TH). This, in turn, necessitates a tightly regulated expression of TH signaling components such as TH transporters, deiodinases, and TH receptors in a brain region- and cell-specific manner from early developmental stages onwards. Abnormal TH levels during critical stages, as well as mutations in TH signaling components that alter the global and/or local thyroidal state, result in detrimental consequences for brain development and neurological functions that involve alterations in central neurotransmitter systems. Thus, the question as to how TH signaling is implicated in the development and maturation of different neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems has gained increasing attention. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of TH signaling components during brain development. We then present recent advances in our understanding on how altered TH signaling compromises the development of cortical glutamatergic neurons, inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons. Thereby, we highlight novel mechanistic insights and point out open questions in this evolving research field.

The eyes as a window to internal fluctuations in global brain state

The eyes as a window to internal fluctuations in global brain state

EVALUATION OF RETROFIT EFFECTIVENESS AND COST IMPLICATIONS OF MRF STRUCTURES USING DISTINCT FRCM COMPOSITE SYSTEMS

This paper summarizes the results of a numerical investigation to assess the effectiveness of retrofitting pre-seismic code concrete framing structural systems using two distinct fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites. While FRCM composites were focused in the literature at the member level, this study focuses on implementing this retrofit technique effectively at the structure level. Several static pushover analyses (SPAs) and inelastic dynamic simulations (IDSs) are carried out for FRCM-retrofitted RC frames representing the lateral force-resisting system of a moment-resisting frame (MRF) structure. Correlating the numerical simulation results and experimental results obtained from another study verified the selected fiber discretized section modeling technique for FRCM retrofitted MRFs and reflected the effectiveness of the adopted approach in prolonging local and global damage states. The verified modeling technique of the risk-mitigation measure is then employed to evaluate the performance of an upgraded RC building using three-dimensional fiber-based numerical models. Finally, a parametric study using SPAs and IDSs using multiple seismic scenarios is conducted to select the most effective FRCM retrofit material for the seismic performance enhancement of the benchmark structure. The study concludes that using the selected FRCM retrofit technique effectively mitigated the structural collapse damage state of the substandard building at the design and maximum considered seismic intensity levels by 28% and 32%, respectively.

Joint Observation Coding Method Based on the Individual Agent for Centralized Training and Decentralized Execution

We investigated the effects of different value function inputs on algorithm performance within the CTDE framework. Furthermore, we proposed an individual-based joint observation coding method that effectively mitigated the impact of excessive value function input dimensions and redundant features on algorithm performance by directing agents to focus more specifically on local observations about other agents that are connected to themselves, rather than relying on global state information provided by the environment. As a result, the overall performance of the algorithm was significantly improved.

A local conditional variational principle of pressures and local conditional equilibrium states

In this article, we introduce the notions of topological conditional pressures and two measure-theoretical conditional pressures of a finite open cover conditioned by a fixed finite measurable partition. We establish a local conditional variational principle and show that local conditional pressures determine local conditional measure-theoretical entropies. As applications, we study properties of both local and global conditional equilibrium states for continuous, real-valued functions.

VIP interneurons in sensory cortex encode sensory and action signals but not direct reward signals

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons in sensory cortex modulate sensory responses based on global exploratory behavior and arousal state, but their function during non-exploratory, goal-directed behavior is not well understood. In particular, whether VIP cells are activated by sensory cues, reward-seeking actions, or directly by reinforcement is unclear. We trained mice on a Go/NoGo whisker touch detection task that included a delay period and other features designed to separate sensory-evoked, action-related, and reward-related neural activity. Mice had to lick in response to a whisker stimulus to receive a variable-sized reward. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we measured ΔF/F responses of L2/3 VIP neurons in whisker somatosensory cortex (S1) during behavior. In both expert and novice mice, VIP cells were strongly activated by whisker stimuli and goal-directed actions (licking), but not by reinforcement. VIP cells showed somatotopic whisker tuning that was spatially organized relative to anatomical columns in S1, unlike lick-related signals which were spatially widespread. In expert mice, lick-related VIP responses were suppressed, not enhanced, when a reward was delivered, and the amount of suppression increased with reward size. This reward-related suppression was not seen in novice mice, where reward delivery was not yoked to licking. These results indicate that besides arousal and global state variables, VIP cells are activated by local sensory features and goal-directed actions, but not directly by reinforcement. Instead, our results are consistent with a role for VIP cells in encoding the expectation of reward associated with motor actions.

Hydrolytic hydrogels tune mesenchymal stem cell persistence and immunomodulation for enhanced diabetic cutaneous wound healing

Diabetes is associated with an altered global inflammatory state with impaired wound healing. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are being explored for treatment of diabetic cutaneous wounds due to their regenerative properties. These cells are commonly delivered by injection, but the need to prolong the retention of MSC at sites of injury has spurred the development of biomaterial-based MSC delivery vehicles. However, controlling biomaterial degradation rates in vivo remains a therapeutic-limiting challenge. Here, we utilize hydrolytically degradable ester linkages to engineer synthetic hydrogels with tunable in vivo degradation kinetics for temporally controlled delivery of MSC. In vivo hydrogel degradation rate can be controlled by altering the ratio of ester to amide linkages in the hydrogel macromers. These hydrolytic hydrogels degrade at rates that enable unencumbered cutaneous wound healing, while enhancing the local persistence MSC compared to widely used protease-degradable hydrogels. Furthermore, hydrogel-based delivery of MSC modulates local immune responses and enhances cutaneous wound repair in diabetic mice. This study introduces a simple strategy for engineering tunable degradation modalities into synthetic biomaterials, overcoming a key barrier to their use as cell delivery vehicles.

Research on Drone Fault Detection Based on Failure Mode Databases

Drones are widely used in a number of key fields and are having a profound impact on all walks of life. Working out how to improve drone safety through fault detection is key to ensuring the smooth execution of tasks. At present, most research focuses on fault detection at the component level as it is not possible to locate faults quickly from the global system state of a UAV. Moreover, most methods are offline detection methods, which cannot achieve real-time monitoring of UAV faults. To remedy this, this paper proposes a fault detection method based on a fault mode database and runtime verification. Firstly, a large body of historical fault information is analyzed to generate a summary of fault modes, including fault modes at the system level. The key safety properties of UAVs during operation are further studied in terms of system-level fault modes. Next, a monitor generation algorithm and code instrumentation framework are designed to monitor whether a certain safety attribute is violated during the operation of a UAV in real time. The experimental results show that the fault detection method proposed in this paper can detect abnormal situations in a timely and accurate manner.

Zfp296 knockout enhances chromatin accessibility and induces a unique state of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells.

The Zfp296 gene encodes a zinc finger-type protein. Its expression is high in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but rapidly decreases following differentiation. Zfp296-knockout (KO) ESCs grew as flat colonies, which were reverted to rounded colonies by exogenous expression of Zfp296. KO ESCs could not form teratomas when transplanted into mice but could efficiently contribute to germline-competent chimeric mice following blastocyst injection. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Zfp296 deficiency up- and down-regulates a distinct group of genes, among which Dppa3, Otx2, and Pou3f1 were markedly downregulated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing demonstrated that ZFP296 binding is predominantly seen in the vicinity of the transcription start sites (TSSs) of a number of genes, and ZFP296 was suggested to negatively regulate transcription. Consistently, chromatin accessibility assay clearly showed that ZFP296 binding reduces the accessibility of the TSS regions of target genes. Zfp296-KO ESCs showed increased histone H3K9 di- and trimethylation. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed interaction of ZFP296 with G9a and GLP. These results show that ZFP296 plays essential roles in maintaining the global epigenetic state of ESCs through multiple mechanisms including activation of Dppa3, attenuation of chromatin accessibility, and repression of H3K9 methylation, but that Zfp296-KO ESCs retain a unique state of pluripotency while lacking the teratoma-forming ability.

Genetic effects on molecular network states explain complex traits

The complexity of many cellular and organismal traits results from the integration of genetic and environmental factors via molecular networks. Network structure and effect propagation are best understood at the level of functional modules, but so far, no concept has been established to include the global network state. Here, we show when and how genetic perturbations lead to molecular changes that are confined to small parts of a network versus when they lead to modulation of network states. Integrating multi‐omics profiling of genetically heterogeneous budding and fission yeast strains with an array of cellular traits identified a central state transition of the yeast molecular network that is related to PKA and TOR (PT) signaling. Genetic variants affecting this PT state globally shifted the molecular network along a single‐dimensional axis, thereby modulating processes including energy and amino acid metabolism, transcription, translation, cell cycle control, and cellular stress response. We propose that genetic effects can propagate through large parts of molecular networks because of the functional requirement to centrally coordinate the activity of fundamental cellular processes.

Research on stress curve clustering algorithm of Fiber Bragg grating sensor

The global stress distribution and state parameter analysis of the building's main structure is an urgent problem to be solved in the online state assessment technology of building structure health. In this paper, a stress curve clustering algorithm of fiber Bragg grating stress sensor based on density clustering algorithm is proposed. To solve the problem of large dimension and sparse sample space of sensor stress curve, the distance between samples is measured based on improved cosine similarity. Aiming at the problem of low efficiency and poor effect of traditional clustering algorithm, density clustering algorithm based on mutual nearest neighbor is used to cluster. Finally, the classification of the daily stress load characteristics of the sensor is realized, which provides a basis for constructing the mathematical analysis model of building health. The experimental results show that the stress curve clustering method proposed in this paper is better than the latest clustering algorithms such as HDBSCAN, CBKM, K-mean++,FINCH and NPIR, and is suitable for the feature classification of stress curves of fiber Bragg grating sensors.

Оценка согласованности системы координат ПЗ-90 с Международной земной системой координат ITRF

The compatibility assessment of the global state reference frame PZ-90 with the International terrestrial reference frame (ITRF) was performed based on

The Effect of Magnitude Mw and Distance Rrup on the Fragility Assessment of a Multistory RC Frame Due to Earthquake-Induced Structural Pounding

The effect of an intensity measure’s (IM’s) sufficiency property on the probabilistic assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) structures due to floor-to-floor structural pounding conditions is examined. In the first part of this investigation, efficiency and sufficiency properties of 23 scalar IMs are verified. Then, the magnitude Mw and the distance Rrup are examined as elements in a vector with an efficient scalar IM to evaluate whether they have any significant effect on the structural response. Subsequently, probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDMs) are developed using linear regression analyses based on a scalar IM and a vector-valued IM. Fragility curves are developed based on these PSDMs, and the influence of Mw and Rrup on the evaluation of the minimum required separation gap distance dg,min due to the pounding effect is examined. More than two hundred nonlinear time history analyses are performed based on the Cloud Analysis method. Seismic displacement demands that control of the global state of the structure, as well as the probability of structural pounding, are examined. The results of this research indicate that once Mw or Rrup is increased, fragility curves are shifted to greater values of IM, and the probability of the exceedance of a certain performance level is reduced. Also, the predictive power of Rrup seems to be greater than the one of Mw. On the other hand, it is revealed that Mw and Rrup induce variabilities in the demand solutions for adequate separation gap distance between the adjacent structures. Therefore, variation in Mw or Rrup may lead, in some cases, to unacceptable evaluations of the pounding effect in the capacity levels of structures.

Negating Non-proliferation? The Potential Sino-South Challenge to Nuclear Market Regulation

ABSTRACT Developing industrial-scale nuclear energy projects requires substantial technical expertise, access to complex fuel supply chains and long-term financial capital. For developing countries investing in civil nuclear energy programmes, securing external support is crucial. However, the nuclear technology trade market is heavily regulated and rather thin. Exporter states must balance commercial opportunity with security interests, given nuclear technology’s dual use. Because of this, incumbent exporters bear responsibility in crafting and enforcing market regulations. As highlighted by the budding Chinese-Argentinian relationship, newly capable market entrants, particularly the People’s Republic of China (PRC), have the potential to challenge international non-proliferation norms by fulfilling market demand where other, predominately Western, states have demurred. The strength of nuclear markets’ non-proliferation-oriented regulatory structures hinges on nascent relationships between entrepreneurial exporters and participating Global South states.