Welfare states and their economic policies in a comparative perspective

Abstract

the research aimed to determine the scope and direction of the economic and social policy in achieving the welfare of society and analyze the main features of the comparison countries, by standing on the extent of Welfare that each country was able to achieve through the results obtained While the importance of the research lies in presenting these comparative models as guiding devices to clarify the analytical differences in determining the role of the state and the status of each pattern of welfare states that produced a policy somewhat different from the policy of economic freedom, The study provided a theoretical and methodological framework to explain differences in the policy of global welfare states. By addressing the patterns of welfare states and the models of social and economic policy followed, and identifying the dimensions of variation that are central to the comparative analysis of welfare states. Therefore, the research problem is centered around the fact that the countries that have achieved a welfare economy are countries based on a market economy. Achieving a welfare economy requires a leading role for the state, and this role is considered an intervention in the market economy. To what extent is this intervention and what are the economic policies adopted by the countries, which made them not on one the line of one initiation in the welfare ladder, Therefore, this sample was selected from countries that differed in their levels of well-being according to their economic policies and the method used, such as Sweden, which had the highest levels of well-being. And France, which mediated the welfare ladder, and Britain, which reached the lowest levels of welfare, in order to know the importance of the approved policy and its role in achieving levels of welfare in order to benefit from it as a method for countries. which seeks to achieve prosperity for its country and its people. Therefore, the most important conclusion came, that the welfare states that attained the highest levels of welfare, the state had a decisive role in three basic tracks: first, by ensuring a minimum income for individuals and families, second, by meeting certain types of social emergencies, and third, by ensuring that all citizens are equal in basic welfare services. Therefore, the most important recommendation came that the state must intervene in a situation regardless of the market mechanism, to create a state of balance between market freedom and social imbalances to achieve a higher degree of social justice.