State Mindfulness Scale Research Articles

Brief Yoga Intervention for Dental and Dental Hygiene Students: A Feasibility and Acceptability Study.

The present study investigated whether a brief yoga intervention would be feasible and acceptable for dental students. Based on empirical evidence about state mindfulness (SM), change in self-reported SM was assessed as a measure of the intervention’s feasibility and acceptability. A repeated-measures within-subjects design was used. Participants were third- and fourth-year dental and dental hygiene students (76% female). The State Mindfulness Scale (SMS), a validated self-report measure of SM with 2 subscales, Mind and Body, was used. Students (n = 132) completed the SMS immediately prior to and following a 1-hour yoga intervention. Dispositional mindfulness, burnout, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms were also investigated as moderators of changes in state mindfulness to determine whether psychological variables had an effect on feasibility in this sample. Total SM significantly increased from pre- to post-intervention, t(46) = 10.26, P < .001. An analysis of covariance showed a significant interaction effect in the relationship between pre-/post-intervention SM of Mind (β = 0.51, P = .048), such that higher levels of stress saw greater increases in SM of Mind. No other psychological variables were significant moderators. A brief yoga intervention for dental students significantly increased SM, suggesting that yoga interventions may be feasible and acceptable in this population. The results of moderation analyses suggest that a brief yoga intervention may be especially effective at increasing SM for those with high levels of stress. Future research should use a randomized control group to test group differences in SM after a brief yoga intervention for dental students.

Initial Validity Evidence for the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity With Youth

ABSTRACTExperiencing mindfulness during movement-based interventions (e.g., yoga) may help support adaptive physical activity motivation processes in youth. However, there is currently no measure for assessing state mindfulness with youth within the context of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate a measure of state mindfulness for physical activity in youth. In study one, cognitive interviews with youth (N = 15) ages 8–13 evaluated the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity item comprehension and preference for developmentally worded modifications. Results suggest that problems with item comprehension were more likely in youth younger than 10. In study two, the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity, or a modified version, was administered randomly to middle-school students (N = 481). Internal consistency reliability, confirmatory factor analyses, model-based reliability omega, and correlations with theoretically relevant variables combined with the qualitative evidence provided stronger initial support for the use of the original State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity with middle-school students.

Validity evidence for the adaptation of the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA) in Spanish youth.

Mindfulness is an increasingly popular construct with promise in enhancing multiple positive health outcomes. Physical activity is an important behavior for enhancing overall health, but no Spanish language scale exists to test how mindfulness during physical activity may facilitate physical activity motivation or behavior. This study examined the validity of a Spanish adaption of a new scale, the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity, to assess mindfulness during a specific experience of physical activity. Spanish youths (N = 502) completed a cross-sectional survey of state mindfulness during physical activity and physical activity motivation regulations based on Self-Determination Theory. A high-order model fit the data well and supports the use of one general state mindfulness factor or the use of separate subscales of mindfulness of mental (e.g., thoughts, emotions) and body (physical movement, muscles) aspects of the experience. Internal consistency reliability was good for the general scale and both sub-scales. The pattern of correlations with motivation regulations provides further support for construct validity with significant and positive correlations with self-determined forms of motivation and significant and negative correlations with external regulation and amotivation. Initial validity evidence is promising for the use of the adapted measure.

Effect of ‘Exercise Without Movement’ yoga method on mindfulness, anxiety and depression

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of the 'Exercise Without Movement' (E.W.M) yoga method on mindfulness and on the improvement of anxiety and depression symptoms. MethodsA quasi-experimental study examined the effect of one month E.W.M. intervention among 38 participants who were enrolled voluntarily to both groups, study (n = 16) and control (n = 22). Five participants dropped out during the study.The State Mindfulness Scale (SMS) was used to measure mindfulness. The Anxiety Inventory Beck (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were used to measure the anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively, before and after the intervention. ResultsStudy group showed both a statistically significant increase in mindfulness and decrease in anxiety and depression symptoms, compared with the control group. ConclusionsThe E.W.M. has been useful in the development of mindfulness and in the treatment of anxiety and depression symptoms and may represent a new method in the mindfulness-based therapeutic application.

Validity Evidence for the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity

ABSTRACTBeing attentive to and aware of one’s experiences in the present moment with qualities of acceptance and openness reflects the state of mindfulness. Positive associations exist between state mindfulness and state autonomous motivation for everyday activities. Though this suggests that state mindfulness links with adaptive motivational experiences, no suitable measure of state mindfulness exists that would facilitate the examination of these relationships in a physical activity context. Thus, we revised the State Mindfulness Scale (Tanay & Bernstein, 2013) and provided score validity evidence for the measure in a physical activity context. A bi-factor model reflecting mindfulness of the mind and body as specific factors and a general mindfulness factor was supported. Validity evidence, such as positive relationships with intrinsic motivation, and a negative relationship with body surveillance support score use. The revised scale can facilitate investigations of the role of mindfulness in physical activity settings.

Mindfulness and Distress Tolerance: Relations in a Mindfulness Preventive Intervention

The present study evaluated the effect of a randomized preventive mindfulness intervention, and the development of mindfulness skills, as indexed by the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003) and the State Mindfulness Scale (SMS; Tanay & Bernstein, 2013), on distress tolerance promotion, as indexed by the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS; Simons & Gaher, 2005) and the Discomfort Intolerance Scale (DIS; Schmidt, Richey, & Fitzpatrick, 2006). Fifty-three adult participants between age 20 and 52 (Mage = 25.2 years, SDage = 4.3 years; 65.4% women), recruited from the general Haifa University community, were randomly assigned to either a mindfulness skills training intervention group or wait-list control group. Participants in both groups completed assessments over the course of the 4-week intervention. Results demonstrated a significant effect of the mindfulness intervention on perceived affective distress tolerance as a function of the combined effect of change in dispositional and sta...

State Mindfulness Scale (SMS): Development and initial validation.

The goal of the present research was to develop and test a novel conceptual model and corresponding measure of state mindfulness-the State Mindfulness Scale (SMS). We developed the SMS to reflect traditional Buddhist and contemporary psychological science models of mindfulness not similarly reflected in extant published measures of the construct. Study 1 exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a higher order 2-factor solution encompassing 1 second-order state mindfulness factor, and 2 first-order factors, one reflecting state mindfulness of bodily sensations and the other state mindfulness of mental events. Study 2 provided cross-sectional evidence of the convergent, discriminant, and incremental convergent validity of SMS scores with respect to other measures of state and trait mindfulness. Study 3, a randomized control experimental mindfulness intervention study, yielded a number of key findings with respect to SMS stability as a function of time and context, construct validity, incremental sensitivity to change in state mindfulness over time, and incremental predictive criterion-related validity. Findings are discussed with respect to the potential contribution of the SMS to the study of mindfulness as a statelike mental behavior, biopsychobehavioral research on the mechanisms of mindfulness, and clinical evaluation of mindfulness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).

Mindful Wisdom: TheSati-paṭṭhāna-suttaon Mindfulness, Memory, and Liberation

Previous articleNext article No AccessArticleMindful Wisdom: The Sati-paṭṭhāna-sutta on Mindfulness, Memory, and LiberationEviatar ShulmanEviatar ShulmanThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by History of Religions Volume 49, Number 4May 2010 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/649856 Views: 175Total views on this site Citations: 21Citations are reported from Crossref © 2010 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Julia L. Cassaniti, Michael R. Chladek Aimless Agency: Religious Engagement in an Uncertain World, Ethos 4 (Jul 2022).https://doi.org/10.1111/etho.12344Yael Malin Humanistic Mindfulness: A Bridge Between Traditional and Modern Mindfulness in Schools, Journal of Transformative Education 9 (Apr 2022): 154134462210840.https://doi.org/10.1177/15413446221084004Julia Cassaniti Memory, ghosts and the good life: Sati in Theravada cultural contexts, Anthropology Today 38, no.22 (Apr 2022): 4–8.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12706Limor Shemesh, Avi Mendelsohn, Daniel Yochai Panitz, Aviva Berkovich-Ohana Enhanced declarative memory in long-term mindfulness practitioners, Psychological Research 45 (Feb 2022).https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-022-01642-6Liad Ruimi, Yuval Hadash, Galia Tanay, Amit Bernstein State Mindfulness Scale (SMS), (Apr 2022): 1–16.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_25-1Eviatar Shulman Embodied Transcendence: The Buddha’s Body in the Pāli Nikāyas, Religions 12, no.33 (Mar 2021): 179.https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12030179David Martínez-Pernía, Ignacio Cea, Andrés Kaltwasser Recovering the Phenomenological and Intersubjective Nature of Mindfulness Through the Enactive Approach, (Mar 2021): 65–89.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57733-9_4Uzi Levi, Eyal Rosenstreich Mindfulness and Memory: a Review of Findings and a Potential Model, Journal of Cognitive Enhancement 3, no.33 (Oct 2018): 302–314.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-018-0099-7Julia Cassaniti Keeping it together: Idioms of resilience and distress in Thai Buddhist mindlessness, Transcultural Psychiatry 56, no.44 (May 2019): 697–719.https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461519847303Youru Wang Wholesome Remembrance and the Critique of Memory—From Indian Buddhist Context to Chinese Chan Appropriation, (Feb 2019): 69–100.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2939-3_4Yaara Nitzan-Assayag, Kim Yuval, Galia Tanay, Idan M. Aderka, Anka A. Vujanovic, Brett Litz, Amit Bernstein Reduced Reactivity to and Suppression of Thoughts Mediate the Effects of Mindfulness Training on Recovery Outcomes Following Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Stress, Mindfulness 8, no.44 (Jan 2017): 920–932.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0666-xJoey Weber Mindfulness is not enough: Why equanimity holds the key to compassion, Mindfulness & Compassion 2, no.22 (Jul 2017): 149–158.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mincom.2017.09.004Yuval Hadash, Natalie Segev, Galia Tanay, Pavel Goldstein, Amit Bernstein The Decoupling Model of Equanimity: Theory, Measurement, and Test in a Mindfulness Intervention, Mindfulness 7, no.55 (Jul 2016): 1214–1226.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0564-2Yaara Nitzan-Assayag, Idan M. Aderka, Amit Bernstein Dispositional mindfulness in trauma recovery: Prospective relations and mediating mechanisms, Journal of Anxiety Disorders 36 (Dec 2015): 25–32.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.07.008Robert H. Sharf Is mindfulness Buddhist? (and why it matters), Transcultural Psychiatry 52, no.44 (Oct 2014): 470–484.https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461514557561Eran Laish Natural Awareness: The Discovery of Authentic Being in the rDzogs chen Tradition, Asian Philosophy 25, no.11 (Mar 2015): 34–64.https://doi.org/10.1080/09552367.2015.1016735Norman Farb From Retreat Center to Clinic to Boardroom? Perils and Promises of the Modern Mindfulness Movement, Religions 5, no.44 (Nov 2014): 1062–1086.https://doi.org/10.3390/rel5041062Francisca Cho Buddhism, Science, and the Truth About Karma, Religion Compass 8, no.44 (Apr 2014): 117–127.https://doi.org/10.1111/rec3.12103Oren Ergas Mindfulness in education at the intersection of science, religion, and healing, Critical Studies in Education 55, no.11 (Dec 2013): 58–72.https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2014.858643Julia L. Cassaniti Buddhism and Positive Psychology, (May 2014): 101–124.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8950-9_6Gili Lotan, Galia Tanay, Amit Bernstein Mindfulness and Distress Tolerance: Relations in a Mindfulness Preventive Intervention, International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 6, no.44 (Dec 2013): 371–385.https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2013.6.4.371