State Historical Archive Of Ukraine Research Articles

Організація державної стоматологічної служби в Україні: історіографічний аналіз

Актуальність. Історична хронологія побудови державної системи організації стоматологічної служби України розкриває перші кроки створення та подальшого розвитку стоматології як невід’ємної складової наукової і клінічної медицини. У 1920 році в Україні запроваджено принципово нову організаційно-економічну модель стоматологічної допомоги з державним фінансуванням, що передбачала охоплення всього населення держави. Багаторічна історія є найкращим підґрунтям для аналізу пройденого еволюційного шляху розвитку стоматологічної служби в Україні. Мета дослідження — вивчення історіографії становлення стоматології як самостійної дисципліни наукової та клінічної медицини, організації державної стоматологічної служби в Україні за результатами дослідження архівних матеріалів нормативно-правових документів. Матеріали та методи. Були вивчені та проаналізовані матеріали основних архівних документів Центрального державного історичного архіву України в м. Києві за період 1919–1920 років. Матеріалами дослідження були основні нормативно-правові документи, що регулювали зуболікарську допомогу: наказ НКОЗ УРСР № 3 від 5 квітня 1920 р. «Про організацію зуболікарських секцій при губернських відділах охорони здоров’я»; наказ НКОЗ УРСР № 4 від 10 квітня 1920 р. «Про організацію державної зуболікарської допомоги»; інструкція до параграфа 2 наказу НКОЗ УРСР № 4 від 10 квітня 1920 р. «Про державну зуболікарську допомогу»; інструкція «З питань щодо постанови зуболікування в державних амбулаторіях», затверджена НКОЗ УРСР від 13 квітня 1920 р.; План організації зуболікувальної допомоги для населення України, затверджений НКОЗ УРСР 26 червня 1920 р. Методи дослідження — історичний, що передбачає вивчення утворення, формування та розвитку об’єктів у хронологічній послідовності; історико-критичний, що передбачає вилучення з історичних джерел врогідної інформації, реконструкцію історичних фактів із метою вивчення подієвої історії. Результати. На підставі архівних матеріалів нормативно-правових документів Центрального державного архіву вищих органів влади та управління України в м. Києві було проведено історико-критичний аналіз створення державної системи організації стоматологічної служби України за період 1919–1920 років. Затверджені НКОЗ України накази, розпорядження та інструкції розкривають перші кроки побудови та запровадження нової організаційно-економічної моделі надання стоматологічної допомоги. Створена система охорони здоров’я ґрунтувалася на забезпеченні державою соціальної медичної стоматологічної допомоги кожному громадянину України. Висновки. Історіографічний аналіз нормативно-правових документів розкриває становлення стоматології як невід’ємної складової висококваліфікованої медичної допомоги. Запроваджена нова організаційно-економічна модель надання соціальної стоматологічної допомоги населенню України будувалася на засадах безоплатності, доступності, кваліфікованості, комплексності та профілактики стоматологічних захворювань. Стоматологічна допомога населенню України передбачала побудову мережевої системи державних амбулаторно-поліклінічних закладів, стоматологічних відділень у складі багатопрофільних поліклінік, стоматологічних відділень та кабінетів в лікарнях, які були підпорядковані губернським одонтологічним підвідділам та Народному комісаріату охорони здоров’я України. Нова модель державного регулювання ґрунтувалася на плануванні та контролі надання соціальної стоматологічної допомоги на засадах державного фінансування. Головними завданнями створеної системи охорони здоров’я було запровадження організаційних заходів, спрямованих на масове охоплення безкоштовною зуболікувальною та зуботехнічною допомогою громадян України. Важливим напрямком стоматологічної допомоги було створення шкільних кабінетів для проведення профілактичних заходів стоматологічних захворювань порожнини рота в організованих дитячих колективах.

ЧЕРНЕЦТВО ЙОРДАНСЬКОГО І БОГОСЛОВСЬКОГО ЖІНОЧИХ МОНАСТИРІВ МІСТА КИЄВА В ДРУГІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ XVIII СТОЛІТТЯ

The article deals with the social composition of Yordanskyi and Bohoslovskyi convents in the second half of the 18th century before the secularization reform of 1786–1788. This topic has not found comprehensive coverage in historiography, as researchers of the history of these monasteries have paid more attention to the founding, coexistence of monasteries, their architectural features. The study is based on an analysis of archival documents from the funds of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv) (TSDIAK), on the information about nuns of Kyiv convents in 1777, which was published in the journal «Kyiv Antiquity», and on the work of previous scholars who described the monastic community of these monasteries. The study describes the dynamics of changes in the number of nuns: from 1757 to 1779–1780 the number of women decreased, but later until 1786 there was a reverse trend. The number of nuns in the Bohoslovskyi convent was higher than in 1757, but before the secularization reform, the Yordanskyi convent still outnumbered. It is determined that the average age of nuns was 51 and 52 years, as of 1779 most nuns belonged to the age range of 41–50 years. It is found the majority of the women came from the Left and Right Bank Ukraine, cases of living of representatives of other regions were isolated. The number of nuns of cossack and peasant origin was bigger than townswomen, nuns of noble origin as well as women who were priest widows or daughters. Violations of the norms and rules of monastic life by some nuns were considered, including escape, drunkenness, leaving the territory of the monastery without the consent of superioress, meetings with men. Cases of children living with nuns caused by the death of their parents are mentioned.

Materiały do działalności sejmiku kijowskiego z II poł. XVII w. w księgach grodzkich dawnego województwa kijowskiego

The holdings of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv include the castrum records of the former Kievan palatinate. In the mid-nineteenth century, they were collected by the Russian government and deposited in the newly created archive. Those records have been maintained since 1566, the date of the major legal and political reforms in Lithuania. In particular, they include the records of the second half of the seventeenth century, when the palatinate dietine was held in Włodzimierz. The Kievan nobility prevailed in their desires to preserve the castrum records from destruction, and to have a revision carried out after the wars with the Cossacks and Muscovy, in accordance with the constitutions of 1658 and 1661. Judicial reforms have also been necessary, since Kyiv (the traditional seat of the courts) remained in the hands of Muscovy. The article discusses the resolves of the Kievan palatinate dietines regarding the revision of records, and the results of the query of the Żytomierz, Owrucz, and Kyiv castrum records from the exile period. The state of preservation of those records is presented on the basis of contemporary sources. These records were compared with the information from the contemporary inventory and an archival query conducted by the author /Annex II/. The records of Żytomierz and Owrucz are preserved partially. The Kyiv records predating 1648 were seized by Muscovy. After 1684, new Kyiv records collections has been established, which is still kept in the archives in Kyiv. The sources for the history of the sejmik of Kyiv, which can be found in these books, are presented in the article.

INTERACTION OF THE «LUH» AND «SOKIL» SOCIETIES WITH LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN HALYCHYNA (AN EXAMPLE OF ULYCHNE VILLAGE, DROHOBYCH REGION)

Based on the documents of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv (statutes, reports, correspondence), periodicals of the organizations «Luh» – «Luhovyk» and «Visty z Luhu», and «Sokil-Batko» – «Sokilski Visty»; memories of residents of the village of Ulychne in Drohobych region, the interaction of the «Luh» and «Sokil» societies with local authorities in the village was investigated. The time frames of the study are defined as 1926–1931, where the former is the foundation of the Luh branch in Ulychne, and the latter is the registration and the first year of activities of the Sokil organization in this village. It was stated that the Polish authorities, taking into account the successful activity of Ukrainian youth organizations and the growth of their popularity among young people, tried by all means to hinder their social and cultural work and did not allow the creation of such centers in the region. The history of the mentioned societies in Ulychne is presented. It was shown that the «Luh» organization, despite obstacles from the authorities, actively worked in 1926, fulfilling not only its commitments to its members but also the village community. During 1926–1930, despite the public interest, the community failed to restore the «Luh» and create a «Sokil» branch. Moreover, for almost 5 years, the village's public activists made every effort to register this organization, and during 1926-1931, youth from Ulychne realized their needs in the «Prosvita» reading rooms and the anti-alcohol society «Vidrodzhennia». It has been confirmed that after the official registration of the Sokil branch in 1931, the Sokil organization managed to obtain positive results from its work in a very short time, in particular, a competent leadership was formed, active youth were involved, needed funds for effective activities were raised, the creation of a material base was started, a wide cultural and educational work was done.

«“SOKIL-BATKO” REALLY HAS ENOUGH OF VARIOUS WORRIES ALREADY». FROM THE UNKNOWN CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN IVAN BOBERSKYI AND THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SOKIL-BATKO SOCIETY IN LVIV

The huge epistolary heritage of a socio-cultural and military-political figure Prof. Ivan Boberskyi has not become the subject of a separate study in Ukrainian science. The author presents 12 letters, which are stored in fund 312 «Ukrainian sports society “Sokil-Batko”, Lviv» of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv. Dated back to 1937, they highlight I. Boberskyi's relationship with the leadership of the «Sokil-Batko» Ukrainian society in Lviv. Based on them, it was revealed, what kind of efforts I. Boberskyi was made in the diaspora and Halychyna for raising funds for the Sokil movement activities, in particular, for the arrangement of a «Sokil-Batko» square for exercising «Ukrainian City» («Ukrainskyi Horod») in Lviv. The letters also provide information on the professor's editorial work, for instance, regarding the second edition of Edvard Zharskyi's «Osnovy Sokilstva». Investigated that the letters contain information about the plans of the Ukrainian society in Halychyna, in particular, about preparing the 4th Regional Movement, which was to take place in Lviv in 1938, including new types of sports, etc. In I. Boberskyi's letter to Sokil-Batko from September 10, 1937, the author found his analytical article entitled «Hartovana Stal» published with insignificant changes in the Sokil calendar for 1938. As stated, the presented epistolary heritage of the 1930s is part of an interesting and unique correspondence that sheds light on the life path of I. Boberskyi and on many events of the Ukrainian history of an interwar period. Keywords Ivan Boberskyi, Canada, United States of America, Switzerland, Slovenia, Trzych, Halychyna, Lviv, Ukrainian gymnastic society «Sokil-Batko», «Sokil-Batko» Square («Ukrainian City»), Sokil periodicals, sports.

„Dziedzictwo prawne. Spotkania naukowe”. Sprawozdanie z posiedzeń naukowych w roku akademickim 2020/2021

“Legal Heritage: Scholarly Meetings.” Report on Scholarly Meetings in the Academic Year 2020/2021 In the academic year 2020/2021 the Jagiellonian University Faculty of Law and Administration initiated a series of scholarly meetings devoted to legal heritage. Nine meetings were held, during which eight papers were presented. They were prepared by the following researchers: Dr. Jakob Maziarz (Department of the History of Polish Law of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University) on “The freedom of scientific research, the freedom to use cultural goods and access to archival materials”; Dr. Bohdan Widła (Department of Intellectual Property Law of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University) on “Protection of scientific or critical editions and first editions”; Dr. Jan Halberda (Department of the General History of the State and Law of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University) on “Estoppel in Anglo-American private law. The Rise of High Trees (1947) as the ‘Precedent’.”; Dr. Mateusz Mataniak (Laboratory of Source Publishing of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University) on “Archival materials for history of the Government of Galicia (1854–1914) from the resource of Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv. Contribution to research on Polish legal heritage.” Jan Bazyli Klakla (PhD student at the Department of Sociology of Law of the Faculty of Law and Administration and the Institute of Sociology of the Faculty of Philosophy of the Jagiellonian University) on “Is customary law like an onion? A multi-layered approach to customary law and its status in the modern world”; Dr. Hab. Katarzyna Krzysztofek-Strzała (Department of History of Administration and Religious Law, Laboratory of Religious Law and Law on Religious Denominations of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University) on “Between the letter of the law and the law in action. Office for Religious Affairs practice towards churches and religious associations”; Dr. Anna Ceglarska (Department of the History of Political and Legal Doctrines of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University) on “The concept of the ‘rule of law’ in presocratic Greece”; Prof. Piotr Górecki (University of California, Riverside Department of History) on “The course of events in Polish and German law court trials in medieval Poland. A comparative sketch”.

Три маловідомі документи XV століття до історії львівської землі

The objective of the article is to supplement the knowledge about the history of Lviv land (as a part of the Ruthenian Voivodeship) in the second and third quarters of the 15th century through the prism of selected settlements within it. The scientifi c novelty lies in the introduction into scientifi c circulation of three previously unpublished documents: the pledge of three manors (curias; one of them later became the village of Zashkovychi) by Vladislav III of Varna to Mikołaj of Milandów (1442), confi rmation by Kazimir IV Jagiellonian of the right of Petro Berla of Strutyn to own the village of Yuriiv Kut (1469), the granting of German law by the same monarch to the village of Remezivtsi (1471). The documents were found in the books of the Lviv castle (fi rst and second) and terrestrial (third) courts. These books are stored in the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv. The research methodology is based on general scientifi c methods of analysis and synthesis. Historical-critical and historical-comparative methods are also used to establish the probability of dating, identifi cation of the listed localities and persons, as well as to assess the quantitative parameters contained in the acts. The same methods allow us to identify the special features of the studied documents, which distinguish them among similar grant acts of the Crown Chancellery. The prospect of further research is to update unknown and little-known late medieval documents to the history of the Ukrainian lands. Introduced into scientifi c circulation, they will serve as valuable material for various reference publishing projects. Conclusions. Each of the published acts is valuable both for its content and by its very existence. The fi rst allows us to set a new date of the fi rst mention of Zashkovychi and is also a rare example of pledge of manors by Vladislav III (rather than villages, towns or starosties). The second document also contains the fi rst mention of the village mentioned in it (Yuriiv Kut, does not exist now), as well as of the Dolyna starostvo (capitaneatus; erroneously called the county), where this village was located. Finally, the third document is an important evidence of the spread of German law in the eastern part of Lviv land (where it was rare). In the Pomoriany estate, which included Remezivtsi, there were no more villages that received such a privilege.

RUSSIAN FORTRESSES AS NAVAL BASES IN THE 1740-s ZAPOROZHIAN HOST: DNIEPER FLOTILLA SHIPS STORAGE

Studies of Russian military presence in the lands of Zaporozhia during the New Sich era (1734–1775) pay relatively little attention to the uses of Russian fortresses between the RussoTurkish wars of 1735–1739 and 1768–1774. From 1739 to 1768 the military importance and defense capability of the Russian fortresses diminished, thus their main purpose shifted to information gathering on the Russian-Ottoman borderlands and the Zaporozhian Host of the Lower Dniper itself. Furthermore, another quite understudied function of these fortresses was to serve as military depots, both acting and reserve. This article concentrates on the understudied aspect of the history of Russian fortresses and the Zaporozhia lands during the New Sich era – the storage of vessels of the liquidated Dnieper flotilla after the Russo-Turkish war of 1735-1739. The primary source base for this article consists of the documents from “Kyiv Provincial Chancellery” (Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, fund 59). The Ust’-Samara retrenchment was a main naval base of the Dnieper flotilla located at the mouth of the Samara River (present-day Dnipro). The reorganization of the Dnieper flotilla material base and fleet supplies took several years after the end of the 1735-1739 war. Subsequently, various fleet supplies (military vessels; ship equipment like ropes, blocks, oars, flags, anchors; naval artillery and related supplies; tools for ships repairs and maintenance like "konopatky"; building materials, ship nails, resin; food stocks for ship crews, etc) were stored in the special fortress warehouses. However, storage conditions were inadequate, naval depots could be destroyed, while equipment and watercraft could be stolen by the Russian officers to be resold later. Relying on documentary sources, an attempt was made to clarify the number of Dnieper flotilla vessels, that were stored in the Ust’-Samara retrenchment. To that end, the article introduces into scientific circulation a document that most fully reflects the number of military vessels, stored at the Russian fortresses in Zaporozhia as of November 1, 1742 - a report compiled by Captain I. Stepanov at the request of the Ust’-Samara retrenchment commander A. Chichagov, commander of all Russian fortresses in Zaporozhia. At that time, the total number of vessels (both suitable and unsuitable for use) amounted to 350. These vessels were stored in the Kamianskyi, Khortyts’kyi, Malyshevs’kyi and Nenasytets’kyi retrenchments. Comparison of data from several documents reveals that for unknown reasons this number (350) did not include boats stored in the Ust’-Samara retrenchment. This article further indicates that the study of exact number of the vessels is complicated by the specifics of the source base. Further elaboration of the issues outlined in the present article would allow not only to explore the functions of Russian fortresses in Zaporozhia during the New Sich era and their role as centers of the Russian military presence, but would also reveal the everyday relations of Russian soldiers with the Cossacks and the peasants (“pospolyti”). The crucial need to study original documentary sources on the history of Russian fortresses in Zaporozhia is emphasized once more.

Public Resistance in the National Liberation Movement of Poles in Right-Bank Ukraine in the First Half of the 1860s (From the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyiv)

The article covers important manifestations and specifics of the protest culture of the Polish community within the South-Western region of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 1860s on the basis of analysis and synthesis of information from the documents of "Office of Kyiv, Podillya and Volyn Governor-General" (f.442) and "Office of the trustee of the Kiev school district" (f.707) of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv). Defending one's own cultural identity as a driver of national development is connected with the awareness of the political interests and goals of the liberation struggle of Poles. The unique influence of the Polish question on historical processes, the configuration of international relations in Europe during the "long 19th century" determines the relevance and scientific significance of the study and thinking of the history of Polish national and cultural movement. Comprehensive study of the Polish question in the European history of the 19th century is an important part of the scientific perception of interethnic contradictions and antagonisms in the Russian Empire and the reaction of European diplomacy and public opinion, a deeper understanding of the essence of Russian-Polish cultural and civilizational confrontation and its impact on Ukrainian national life. Following the three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772, 1793, 1795) most of the territories of this formerly powerful European state were incorporated into the Russian Empire, there was a fierce struggle for cultural and ideological dominance in the region. The Polish national liberation movement of the 1860s, which culminated in the January Uprising of 1863-1864, developed against a background of broad social and cultural resistance to Russian autocracy, manifested in such protest actions as mourning and serving panikhads for dead Poles, singing patriotic Polish songs and hymns, public wearing of national costumes, participation in anti-government manifestations and demonstrations, refusal to read prayers for the emperor in churches, and so on. Clergy and educators, as well as students and pupils, were the driving force behind this protest movement, which had an international resonance

PECULIARITIES OF WOMEN'S EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ESTABLISHMENT IN GALICIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF BEREZHANY TEACHER'S SEMINARY

The study, based on archival sources and scientific publications, identifies a number of issues related to the history of the formation of women's educational institutions in Galicia in the early twentieth century. Coverage of the peculiarities of the formation and development of women's seminaries for teacher training in Ukraine as a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is considered on the example of the State Women's Teachers' Seminary in Berezhany. It has been found that the introduction of new educational institutions – men's and women's teachers' seminaries had been based on the Austrian state school law of 1869, which introduced significant changes in the process of teacher training. From the results of the article it has been identified that women's educational institutions had been created in the Austro-Hungarian Empire to provide public (primary) schools with teachers and aimed at professional self-realization of women. The research focuses on the women's teacher's seminary in Berezhany which was opened in 1910/1911. The article analyzes archival documents from the collection of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in L’viv, in particular the materials of the fund № 179 "Curator of the L’viv School District", case 1111 "Case of transfer of premises in Senyavsky Castle in Berezhany by the local city community for a women's seminary". Based on the documents of the case on the transfer of the Senyavsky Castle in Berezhany by the local city community for the women's seminary, the content of the official correspondence of state and local authorities regarding the location and financing of the women's teacher's seminary in Berezhany during 1913-1926 has been revealed. It has been found that before the war, the magistrate of Berezhany had handed over a house and 1 ½ of morgue - land in the center to the needs of the seminary, but the construction of the seminary building had not been started due to the war. On March 5, 1915, the Ministry of Religion and Education in Vienna granted the Berezhany community an annual subvention of 6,000 kroons as donations to a house on a needs of a teachers' seminary. The war made it impossible to further pay that subvention in the school years from 1914/1915 to 1918/1919. Therefore, the school regional council, expressing a request to the magistrate of Berezhany, appealed to the Ministry of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to support the commitment of the Ministry of Finance regarding the annual subvention payment for 1919 and 1920. The Polish government refused any legal obligations to the Berezhany community to pay debts. subventions for the years 1914-1919 instead of the Austrian government. In the case of the seminary in Berezhany, the curator of the Lviv school district, in a letter dated January 4, 1923, proposed to accept the gift of the castle in Berezhany proposed by Mr. Yakub Potocki for the use of the teacher's seminary, which was rejected by the Ministry of Education of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, based on a careful analysis of the condition of the monument. As a result of an agreement with the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Religion and Education decided to distribute the community of Berezhany the amount of 20,000 Polish marks for the needs of the teachers' seminary. The article reveals that the historical experience of the formation and development of women’s education in Galicia on the example of the Berezhany Teachers’ Seminary as an important asset of Ukrainian science and education.

The First Case Against a Ukrainian Party (From the History of the National Movement in the Imperial Era)

The article analyzes the materials of the case “On the Ukrainian Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries,” opened in 1901 by the Poltava Provincial Gendarmerie. The incorrect name of the organization aside, it was indeed the first case of its kind, in that its participants and key episodes were associated with a Ukrainian political party (the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party, RUP). The case of 1901 has never been a subject of special academic attention. Only some of its aspects found reflection in a broader 1928 work by A. Duchynsky. It is not represented in modern studies on the operations of tsarist law enforcement agencies against Ukrainian parties. This article is based mainly on archival documents from the Poltava Provincial Gendarmerie collection (Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyiv, f. 320), additionally drawing on published imperial laws and regulations. The materials obtained are verified through the latest scholarship on the history of the Ukrainian national movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The 1901 case conforms to the patterns in the work of imperial law enforcement that can be seen as characteristic for that period: better results in the initial, simplest stages (the tracing of connections, searches, arrests) and rather helpless, ineffective performance in investigation and interrogation. Furthermore, the case demonstrates the unpreparedness of the political police in the face of the intensification and radicalization of the national movement and its complete incompetence in the matter of Ukrainian organizations, their structure, personnel, ideology, etc. On the other hand, the case materials show that Ukrainian activists, despite the young age and inexperience of most of them, showed confidence and courage in confronting the tsarist gendarmes. Due to this, the investigation failed not only to obtain any significant information about the RUP, but even to establish the fact of its existence, which gave the party the opportunity to develop further and soon play a prominent role in the peasant uprising of 1902 in the Poltava and Kharkiv regions.

On the question of the arrangement of the Baturyn Brick Production Complex of the second half of the eighteenth century (based on fund materials № 51 of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyiv)

On the question of the arrangement of the Baturyn Brick Production Complex of the second half of the eighteenth century (based on fund materials № 51 of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyiv)

THE ILLICIT TRADE IN KYIV PROVINCE AT THE HALF PAST OF THE ХІХ CENTURY

Summary. The purpose of the article is to publish and analyze of literature and archival sources to identify components of the problem of illicit trade in the Kyiv Province in the first half of the 19th century. Research methodology – the principles of objectivity, scientificity, historicism, comparative method, methods of internal criticism of sources. The scientific novelty is that it is for the first time that the information from the framework of sources presented in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv, the State Archive of Kyiv Oblast and its analysis is introduced in scientific circulation. Conclusions. The research of archival sources allowed to deepen the picture of relations between the state, government officials, business representatives in the field of trade, in particular, illicit trade. It has been discovered that illicit trade was caused primarily by the desire for personal enrichment and by external tariffs of the Russian Empire, which contained a wide range of goods prohibited for import into the country. Strict regulation of external trade encouraged merchants and all persons involved in transactions with contractors of other countries to seek means and mechanisms for transportation and sale of demanded goods. It has been found that people with foreign connections were involved in the illicit trade. Although, there were cases when illicit goods were traded by merchants and burghers of the interior provinces who acted only as intermediaries. Civil servants, whose actions were coordinated by the Kyiv governor himself, were involved in fight against the schemes by which prohibited and uncustomed goods entered the market. The cases in the activities of government officials were revealed when officials were negligent in their duties. Under certain conditions, customs officers used their official position for personal enrichment. The abuse of customs officers (zollners) testified risks of the border service and at the same time showed the extent of illicit enrichment. The consequences of the fight against illicit trade were the return of money to the treasury in the form of penalties (fines), one-time cases of enrichment of public supervisors abroad, taking purification oaths by smugglers in the presence of clergy.

The Nutrition of the Kyiv Theological Academy Students (1819–1869)

The article depicts the peculiarities of Kyiv Theological Academy students’ nutrition in the years of 1834–1863. The investigation uses documents from the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv. These are mainly monthly and annual economic reports which inform about the filling of the student’s menu during the year and logs of behavior, where the inspector recorded deviations from the rules by students. Archival documents help to illuminate aspects connected to the nutrition of students of Kyiv Theological Academy. The ego-documents of graduates, notes, instructions of rectors, economists, and inspectors of the educational institution are extremely important.Attention is paid to regulatory requirements on food that are in the “Statut” of the theological academies. The Nutrition of students in Kyiv Theological Academy depended on many aspects and did not remain stable during 1819–1869. The students could diversify their diet at their own expense. The student menu was considered, and an attempt was made to analyze the changes that occurred with the filling of the student menu during these years. Also the paper describes how the diet changed depending on the period of the liturgical year. The traditions of informal students’ meetings and the use of prohibited (alcohol) and permitted (tea) drinks by the students are considered.Special attention is paid to the question of the diet and nutrition value of products for students. Сalculations are approximate, but there are reasons to conclude that the food energy value was enough for the students’ nutrition in the Academy at least on ferias.

ТОРГІВЛЯ МАХНІВКИ В ПЕРШІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ ХІХ СТОЛІТТЯ

The relevance of the study of the history of trade in Makhnivka city in the first half of the 19th century is caused by the need to identify trends in city’s development in the era of transition from traditional to industrial society. The purpose of the article is to identify the place of trade in the social progress of the provincial city. The methodological basis for achieving the stated purpose has been the principles of historicism, scientificity, objectivity, methods of analysis of historical sources, comparative-historical method, functional method. Materials from the funds of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in in Kyiv, the State Archives of Kyiv Region have been the source base of the study. As a result of the study of historical sources, it has been revealed that city-forming, entrepreneurial, construction initiatives of Count P. Potosky, which took place at the end of the 18th century, kept Makhnivka an industrial center until the early 1840s. It has been determined that the transfer of Makhnivka to the management by Count’s creditors led to the parcelling of the city’s industrial complex. The situation for the sale of industrial goods improved due to the intervention of the state which sometimes ordered, for example, to provide Guards Uhlans of His Highness the Crown Prince Konstantin Pavlovich regiment with stuff and clothes before the campaign against Napoleon in 1805. Trade remained a professional activity of merchants, although conducted by burghers, nobles, free people, peasants, domestics. The suppliers of the whole range of food products were the peasants of the surrounding villages, the intermediary functions were taken over by merchants and some burghers. Makhnivka became one of the cities where a new stratum of the population, for which trade became a profession, appeared – peasants who trade. The profitability of intermediation transactions decreased due to the naturalness of the city economy in the field of hospitality. For decades, city officials and burghers had appealed to the central government to pay for troop posts. The number of merchants throughout the city grew, outpacing the growth rate of the urban population.

ІСТОРИЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК МОСТОБУДІВНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГУБЕРНІЯХ ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХІХ ст. (НА ПРИКЛАДІ КИЇВСЬКОЇ ГУБЕРНІЇ)

Historical literature and archival sources, which were analyzed, allowed to reveal the components of development of river transport constructions of the Kyiv province of the first half of the 19th century. Work with the corps of sources presented in Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv, State Archive of Kyiv region, State Archive of Kyiv restored the peculiarities of state agencies relations, designed to coordinate the actions of local authorities, delegates of the merchant class in the field of construction of transport facilities, in particular, river bridges. It was found that the main reasons for building bridges were the aspirations of the authorities and the entrepreneurial class to provide profits that associated with the transportation of people, the supply of goods. It was established that were involved in the construction of bridges the state, represented by the provincial government, and merchants who became contractors. There were many cases when bridges, dams and river carriages were built by the efforts of several private and starost granges farms, whose economists acted as organizers of construction and their using. Regulation of the use of river structures pushed the authorities to abolish the privileges of fee collection, the right to which nobles, landowners inherited from Polish state. Authorities granted permits to build or purchase bridges only in cases, where it did not contradict the military calculations. With the help of merchants were erected not only river structures, but entrepreneurs were involved in the construction of roads leading to bridges. There were cases where foreign engineers have been involved in the design and construction of stone bridges. Contemporaries insisted on the low quality of erected transport structures (wooden dams, bridges) on small rivers of the Kyiv province by the efforts of peasants involved in the zemstvo duty. The consequences of this state of river transport facilities for trade were difficult to transporting people and goods each spring and autumn rainy season.

АРХІВНІ ДОКУМЕНТИ ПРО СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ АНТАГОНІЗМ У ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНІЙ УКРАЇНІ ХІХ СТ.

The article highlights the specifics of the Right Bank of Ukraine and notes that it is in the XIX century was a polyethnic region, which, having its own history, was characterized by ethnic, religious, socio-economic, administrative features and even had its own legislation. Throughout this period, the right-bank Ukrainian lands remained a field of sharp political and social confrontation. Describing the situation on the Right Bank of Ukraine, the authors of the article argue that since joining the Russian Empire, the tsarist government has not taken into account all the features of this territory. He did not pay attention to the Ukrainian people, but saw here only the Polish nobility, which he tried to persuade to his side by various concessions. At the same time, the majority of the population of the Right Bank were Ukrainians, almost all of whom were peasants. At the beginning of the XIX century. There were about 3 million such peasants. Land real estate on the Right Bank of Ukraine was owned by a small number of Polish magnates. It is concluded that after the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1830-1831, an active policy of Russification began. Right-bank Ukraine has become a field of sharp political and social confrontation. This is confirmed by archival sources, first of all, the office documents of the Chancellery of the Governor-General of Kyiv, Podil and Volyn, which are preserved in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv. The authors of the article emphasize that in the second half of the XIX century. the issue of reducing Polish land ownership on the Right Bank of Ukraine was very important in the activities of the local administration. The large number of laws and regulations contained in the collections of legislative acts, the numerous correspondence between local authorities and the center, which is stored in the archives, testify to its special relevance.

STATUTE OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE CARE OF POOR JEWISH CHILDREN IN KOLOMYIA (1908): HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS

The purpose of the article is to publish and analyze the Statute of the Society for the Care of Poor Jewish Children in Kolomyia (1908) as a source for the history of this Society and the legal culture of the Jewish community in the eastern cities of Eastern Galicia in the early 20th century. The research methodology – principles of scientific, objectivity, historicism, methods of external and internal critique of sources. The research novelty is that the Statute of the Society for the Care of Poor Jewish Children in Kolomyia (1908) was first published and analyzed as a historical and historical-legal source. The Conclusions. Thus, the Statute of the Society for the Care of Poor Jewish Children, which was formed in Kolomyia in 1908, is supposed to have been concluded by the Jewish lawyer H. Landau. After approval by the Governor, the Society published its Statute, which consisted of 29 articles. This document is known to researchers, but has never been published or analyzed as a historical and legal source. It is stored in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv. The Statute had a bifunctional purpose, as it regulated the activities of the Society and the “Okhoronka” formed by it. Articles of the Statute can be divided into three groups: 1) the purpose and material principles of the Society and the “Okhoronka”; 2) tasks, rights and responsibilities of the members of the Society and the “Okhoronka”; 3) structural-organizational and managerial aspects of activity of the Society and the “Okhoronka”. We consider the Statute to be an important historical source for the history of Jewish public organizations of charitable orientation in Eastern Galicia, the history of Kolomyia in the early 20th century, as well as the history of domestic legal thought. The document is published in the original language (Polish) in compliance with the necessary archaeographic requirements.

THE STATUTE OF THE “VERKHOVYNA” SOCIETY IN STRYI (1932) AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE

The purpose of the article is to publish and analyze the statute of the “Verkhovyna” Society in Stryi (1932) as a source for the history of the mentioned society and legal culture of the Ukrainian public of the Eastern Halychyna County cities during the interwar period. The research methodology – principles of scientific, objectivity, historicism, methods of external and internal critique of sources. The research novelty is that the Statute of the “Verkhovyna” Society in Stryi (1932) was first published and analyzed as a historical and historical-legal source. The Conclusions. Thus, the Statute of the “Verkhovyna” Society in Stryi (1932) was drafted by a well-known Ukrainian lawyer Roman Dombchewski in early 1932. This document is known to researchers, but has never been published or analyzed as a historical source. It is stored in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv and the State Archives of Lviv region. The Statute consists of 35 articles, which can be divided into four groups: 1) the purpose and tasks of the “Verkhovyna” Society, 2) the material bases of the functioning of the Society, 3) members of the Society and their tasks, rights and responsibilities, 4) structural and organizational and managerial aspects of the Society’s activities. We consider it an important historical source to the history of Ukrainian public organizations of cultural and educational orientation in Eastern Halychyna, the history of inter-war Stryi, the biography of Roman Dombchewski, as well as to the history of domestic legal thought. The document is published in the original language (Ukrainian) with the necessary archeographic requirements.

МИРГОРОДСЬКІ ДОКУМЕНТИ «КНИГИ-АРХІВУ» СПАСО-ПРЕОБРАЖЕНСЬКОГО МГАРСЬКОГО МОНАСТИРЯ ХVІІ–ХVІІІ ст.

This article presents archival documents of the Cossack era from the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv. These are the universals of hetmans and colonels concerning the Mhar Monastery, its estates, its relations with Lubny and Zaporizhzhia Sich. The immediate task is the introduction into scientific circulation, the actualization of hitherto unknown historical sources that are important for the history of Ukraine, especially for the history of such a region as Poltava region. In the above-mentioned archives, hitherto unknown documents were discovered and published for the first time. The vast majority of documents belong to other categories of act documents — gifts, merchants, wills, court rulings. They shed light on the city government of Lubnу, the history of the relationship of general and regimental power with the Church, especially with the Mhar Monastery, the mechanism of increasing its land ownership. In general, the documents published here shed additional light on the history of Poltava region of the last third of the 17 — early 18 centuries. The article also contains previously unknown documents concerning the past of Poltava region of hetman times, towns and villages of Lubny, Myrhorod and Poltava regiments, Mhar monastery, their socio-economic, political history.