State Guarantees Research Articles

АНАЛІЗ СТАТИСТИЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ОБСЯГУ ТА СТРУКТУРИ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ОБЛІГАЦІЙ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Key points of the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine ”On the Issue of Domestic State Loan Bonds “Military Bonds”, which was issued due to the outbreak of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine and the need to fill the state budget in times of war, are presented. The list and types of military bonds sold at auctions since March 2022 are provided. The measures taken by the NBU and financial institutions to maximize the simplification of the procedures for purchasing military bonds for the period of war are presented. The advantages of abolishing the obligation to confirm the sources of income of investors when purchasing military bonds are listed. The list of banks, in particular primary dealers and licensed brokers that carry out operations with military bonds is provided. The structure of investors in military bonds is analyzed in terms of legal entities, individuals and non-residents in 2022. The structure of the placement of military bonds by type of currency (Ukrainian hryvnia, US dollar, euro) in 2022 is presented. The structure of placement of military bonds in the primary and secondary markets in 2022 is analyzed. The composition of the sources of financing of the state budget (financing of the National Bank of Ukraine, grants from the United States and the European Union, domestic government bonds (including military bonds), bilateral loans from the European Union, the International Monetary Fund, the United Kingdom, the European Investment Bank and other countries) is presented. It is proved that the main buyer of military bonds in wartime is the National Bank of Ukraine, and the purchase of military bonds is carried out at the expense of hryvnia issuance through the conclusion of an agreement with the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine. The role and share of military bonds in the sources of financing of the state budget is determined. The author analyzes the dynamics of funds raised to the State Budget from the sale of military bonds based on the results of auctions in 2022. The main advantages of investing in military bonds for investors are presented: the opportunity to financially assist the State under martial law; the State's guarantee for 100% of the purchased bonds; excess of bond yields over deposit yields; absence of personal income tax on bonds; possibility of their early sale on the secondary market; possibility of obtaining a loan secured by bonds; possibility of hedging currency risk.

Activation of innovative and investment activities of industrial enterprises at the current stage

Peculiarities of the industrial enterprises’ investment and innovation activities implementation in Ukraine are examined. A comprehensive analysis of the investment and innovation processes development in Ukraine is carried out. In particular, the dynamics of capital investments and their relationship with Ukraine's GDP as well as foreign direct investment into the economy of Ukraine are analyzed. An analysis of innovative activity in Ukraine is carried out. In particular, the dynamics of indicators characterizing innovative activity (the number of innovatively active industrial enterprises, expenditures on innovations of industrial enterprises, the number of industrial enterprises introducing innovations (products and/or technological processes), the number of introduced innovative products (goods, services) of industrial enterprises, the volume of innovative industrial products (goods, services) sold are studied. The main factors affecting the innovation and investment activity of industrial enterprises at the present stage, in particular, military aggression, imperfection and ineffectiveness of state regulatory mechanisms, low development of the stock market, decrease in economic potential are identified. Ukraine's place in the Global Innovation Index for the period 2017-2022 is analyzed. The main problems that have a significant impact on investment activity and innovative activity in our country are identified. The problem of the impact of the war in Ukraine on investment and innovation activity in the country is studied. Measures to increase the effectiveness of state regulation of investment and innovation processes in Ukraine, the formation of a stimulating and active state investment and innovation policy through preferential lending mechanisms, state guarantees of investment attraction, improvement of the legal framework and elimination of conflicts in the current legislation regulating investment and innovation processes in the country are proposed.

Оценка пациентками доступности медицинской помощи при подготовке к экстракорпоральному оплодотворению

Conditions have been created in Russia to ensure accessibility of in vitro fertilization (IVF). The treatment is included in the program of state guarantees of free health care, and the procedure for its provision has been established. Objective. To assess the availability of health care at the stage of preparation for IVF. Patients and methods. A questionnaire of 703 patients who underwent IVF in medical institutions of Saint Petersburg in 2020 was conducted. Data were statistically processed. Mean values, extensive and intensive indicators were calculated, and the significance of their difference was assessed. Results. The timing of patient examinations to identify the causes of infertility was met only in 14.4% of cases for residents of Saint Petersburg and in 6.7% for residents of other regions. In preparation for IVF, patients faced forced payment for medical services with a frequency of 69.2 per 100 respondents and long waiting times with a frequency of 25.0 per 100 respondents. With a frequency of 21.4 per 100 respondents, regional residents indicated the lack of opportunity to be examined at their place of residence. Patients’ satisfaction with antenatal clinics was lower than with commercial clinics (25.0% and 46.3%). Conclusion. The identified limitations in the availability of health care in preparation for IVF should be considered when establishing the routing of patients, including at the level of interregional cooperation. Key words: infertility, population reproductive health, women’s sociological survey, in vitro fertilization, health care access

Improving the model of payment for medical care for infertility using assisted reproductive technologies in the program of state guarantees of free medical care to citizens for 2023 and 2024—2025

Improving the model of payment for medical care for infertility using assisted reproductive technologies in the program of state guarantees of free medical care to citizens for 2023 and 2024—2025

Планирование медицинской помощи пациентам с онкологическими заболеваниями в субъектах Российской Федерации

National project “Fight against oncological diseases 2019 - 2024” implemented for the fourth year. During this time, experience has been gained in planning the volume of medical care, including diagnostic tests, and financial support in the system of compulsory medical insurance, but there is no systematic analysis of planning problems. The purpose of this study was to study the planning by the subjects of the volume of medical care and their implementation of the target indicators of the territorial programs of state guarantees of free medical care (TPGG) and to identify planning problems. We analyzed the territorial programs of state guarantees of some subjects of the Russian Federation. Also, from the territorial CHI Funds (TFOMS) we received information on the performance of TPSG indicators: the volume of care in round-the-clock and day hospitals, planned and actually performed molecular genetic studies and cases of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in 2021 and the first half of 2022 of the year. We found significant problems, some of which have causes at the federal level, others are purely regional in nature, which lead to significant differences in planning the volume of medical care between the subjects of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. Planning the volume of medical care in the field of “Oncology” varies significantly between the subjects of the Russian Federation and has systemic difficulties, control over the effective use of funds is insufficient. We consider it necessary when planning medical care for the oncology profile in the Program of State Guarantees of Free Medical Care to take into account the standardized incidence rate per 100,000 population, and not the number of insured persons in the subject.

МОДЕЛЬ ОПЕРАТИВНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ФИНАНСОВЫМИ РЕСУРСАМИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ

The article considers the methodological and practical aspects of the operational management of the financial resources of a public health institution. The relationship between effective financial management in a medical organization and the implementation of the program of state guarantees of free medical care is determined. The composition of factors for conducting a comprehensive analysis of the positions of the financial position of a medical institution according to the SNW methodology is provided. Possible scenarios of financial work on current planning are determined using the balanced scorecard method.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТЬ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ВРАЧАМИ АКУШЕРАМИ-ГИНЕКОЛОГАМИ, 2017 – 2021 ГГ.

Significance. Relevance. In conditions of demographic trouble, the study of the provision of the female population with obstetricians and gynecologists is of high relevance for the implementation of tasks to preserve the reproductive potential of women and the adoption of managerial measures to solve the personnel problem. Purpose of the study. To study the provision of medical organizations of the Far Eastern Federal District with obstetricians and gynecologists. Material and methods. The analysis of the availability of obstetrician-gynecologists was carried out on the data presented in the form No. 30 and statistical collections of the Ministry of Health of Russia for the period from 2017 to 2022. in the context of federal districts and subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. The following were used in the work: retrospective analysis, statistical (descriptive statistics), analytical method, descriptive statistics method. Results. The provision of medical organizations with obstetrician-gynecologists in the Russian Federation over the past five years has decreased by 4.4%, in the Far Eastern Federal District - by 13.2%, in the Khabarovsk Territory - by -2.1%. At the same time, for the entire study period in the Far East region, the indicator exceeds the average Russian level. There is a widespread decline in the provision of obstetrician-gynecologists, especially in the Far Eastern Federal District (-13.2%), the Urals (-8.9%) and the Volga (-8.7%) federal districts. Among the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, the most favorable situation is in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (from 8.6 to 10.7 per 10,000 population) and the Magadan Region (from 7.7 to 8.5 per 10,000 population). In most subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, the provision exceeds the district level.At the same time, the availability of doctors - specialists providing medical care in stationary conditions, over the same period in the Far Eastern Federal District decreased by 19.5%, in the country as a whole - by 8.0%. In half of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, the availability of specialists is higher than the district value, especially in the Chukotka Autonomous District (by 2.7 times in 2017 and 2.9 times in 2021), while in the Khabarovsk Territory it does not reach the district level. Conclusion. Over the past five years, there has been an annual decrease in the provision of medical organizations with obstetrician-gynecologists. This is especially typical for the Khabarovsk Territory and the Far Eastern Federal District as a whole. The availability of doctors providing medical care in stationary conditions is also declining. At the same time, in half of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, the availability of specialists remains above the district value. Application area. The results of the study can be applied when planning a program of state guarantees for the provision of free primary specialized medical and sanitary and specialized medical care to the female population in the Obstetrics and Gynecology profile.

АНАЛІЗ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ПРИВАБЛИВОСТІ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ УКРАЇНИ

The aim of research is to analyze the investment attractiveness of alternative energy source in Ukraine, form a roadmap for attracting investments in the reneval and creation of alternative energy generation, and identify optimal investment instruments from the perspective of their profitability and efficiency. The theoretical and methodological basis of research includes the legislative framework of Ukraine, regulatory documents of the energy sector of the economy, scientific papers of domestic and foreign scientists and specialists in the field of renewable energy. The study uses a set of approaches and methods, including, analysis, induction, systematization and generalization; comparative analysis; decomposition and modeling. It has been determined that the implementation of alternative energy in Ukraine is sufficiently regulated by legislative acts, but the main attention is given to supporting investment projects with significant reinvestments. It has been shown that the attractiveness rating of alternative energy generation differs depending on the criteria for assessing efficiency: wind power has the lowest levelized cost of energy according to the method of discounted cash flow analysis, hydro power has the highest stability and predictability rating, and bio power has the lowest and installation cost. The research has shown that Ukraine can not only supply energy to the EU system but also perform the function of stabilizing system imbalances. Investment flows for renewing Ukraine’s energy system can come from both private and institutional sources. To attract private investment, it is necessary to study not only state guarantees of profitability through cost savings for potential investors but also compare investment costs in Ukraine’s energy system with investment coasts in countries of origin. The burden of socially responsible investment can only be taken on by EU institutional structures. The first step in attracting foreign investment is to develop a thorough review of alternative energy generation and roadmaps for specific areas. Statistical data has been systematized and valuable preferences have been visualized for potential investments in alternative energy in Ukraine from the position of Ukraine itself.

ФІНАНСОВИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ РОЗВИТКУ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to the study of the role of public-private partnership in ensuring the infra-structural recovery of the country's economy. The presence of the leading role of the appropriate finan-cial mechanism in the process of practical implementation of public-private partnership among the pos-sible areas of its application is substantiated. It was emphasized that the economy of the country during the military aggression has a significant need to ensure infrastructure restoration, stabilization of the processes of economic and social development, the provision of which requires significant amounts of financial resources. Based on the generalization of existing approaches to the interpretation of the es-sence of the "financial mechanism" category, the author's interpretation of the "financial mechanism of public-private partnership" category is proposed as a system of building financial relations between state authorities and private partners regarding the formation, distribution and use of financial re-sources aimed at the implementation of joint interests in relevant projects, ensuring the formation of conditions for effective functioning of the national economy.The specified author's approach made it possible to single out the leading role of the financial mechanism of the public-private partnership in ensuring the effective functioning of the national econ-omy. An author's approach to the construction of a financial mechanism for the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine with a specification of proactive direction for a long-termperiod is pro-posed.It is substantiated that in order to properly function the financial mechanism for the development of public-private partnership in the country, it is extremely necessary to ensure at the legislative level a guarantee to its participants of clear compliance with the terms of existing and future agreements of this cooperation, the establishment of additional state guarantees for projects aimed at restoring critical infrastructure. It is noted that the authorities should ensure the provision of full support at all stages of project implementation, the formation of a system of measures aimed at compliance with the terms of the existing public-private partnership agreement by all its participants. The key consequences of the introduction of the financial mechanism for the development of public-private partnership are deter-mined.

ПРОБЛЕМИ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ В УКРАЇНІ

The article reveals the problems of social protection of military personnel in Ukraine and trends in preserving and strengthening their health. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the normative and legal support in the context of the implementation of social protection of military personnel in Ukraine. The main tasks of the research include the determination of the peculiarities of the implementation of the mechanism of social protection of military personnel and their social rights through the prism of the corresponding legal status. The guarantees of social security of servicemen provided by the following laws of Ukraine are presented: "On the Armed Forces of Ukraine", "On social and legal protection of servicemen and their family members", "On state guarantees of social security of servicemen who are released from service in connection with the reform of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and members of their families", "On pension provision of servicemen and persons of senior and rank-and-file members of internal affairs bodies". The conclusions show that the system of social guarantees and rights of servicemen is an integral component of the mechanism for ensuring the defense capability of the state, which distinguishes the possibility of ensuring an acceptable level of well-being of servicemen serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It is emphasized the importance of the state’s activities, which are aimed at establishing a system of social guarantees and are regulated by current legislation, which ensure the realization of constitutional rights and freedoms, and the satisfaction of the material and spiritual needs of military personnel. At the same time, the essence of social security for servicemen lies in the peculiarities of the military industry and the content of the socially significant status of servicemen, which consists in the need to provide them with adequate social security established at the legislative level.

ОКАЗАНИЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ СВЕРХ УСТАНОВЛЕННОГО ОБЪЕМА: ВЫПОЛНЕНИЕ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬСТВ ПО ДОГОВОРУ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНОГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО СТРАХОВАНИЯ ИЛИ С ПАЦИЕНТОМ

Significance. The issue of medical care delivery in excess of the established volume, including by private health sector operating under compulsory health insurance remains a challenge to the medical community. The subject of the study, on the one hand, was the overview of the current situation regarding medical organizations that submit registers of bills and invoices for medical services provided to the insured under the territorial program and insurance medical organizations that refuse to reimburse services in excess of the established volumes. On the other hand, the inability of a medical organization to refuse to provide medical care to citizens who have applied for care. The purpose of the study was to analyze the normative and legal acts that regulate legal relations between participants and subjects of the compulsory health insurance, indicating impossibility or difficulties for the parties to fulfill their obligations to ensure care delivery to the insured under the compulsory health insurance program. Material and methods. Material and methods of the study included an analytical review aimed at studying and analyzing the legal policy, current legal practice, current situation regarding place in the medical service market, including the private health sector, in order to answer the research question. Results. The conducted analysis shows that the main function of medical organizations is to provide medical care to the insured. At the same time, territorial funds are responsible for providing medical care to the insured under the federal compulsory health insurance program, and are to create all conditions to ensure availability of services. The federal legislation does not make the provision of free medical care to a citizen under the compulsory health insurance program dependable upon the planned total volume of services and guarantees the provision of free medical care to the insured in the compulsory health insurance system. When the planned volumes of medical care under the program of compulsory health insurance do not correspond to the actual demand, the excess of these volumes provided by a medical organization cannot be attributed to the financial results of its performance. Conclusion. The foregoing confirms the conclusions that medical services provided in excess of the established volumes are to be considered as insured events and are subject to reimbursement in the stated amount. Accordingly, they cannot be a restriction to realizing the powers to provide medical care to citizens under the program of state guarantees in cases where the volume of medical services provided exceeds the planned one, envisaged by the compulsory health insurance contract. This position will help avoid risks, including reputational ones, and prevent the organizations from filing a lawsuit.

PRIORITIES OF EDUCATIONAL POLICY

The article examines the directions of educational policy taking into account modern realities and modern challenges, as well as general trends in world development, based on the rights to education of citizens, guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia. State guarantees of access to quality education were analyzed, the urgency of the need to reform the current system, increasing the objectivity of assessing the educational results of graduates of general education schools and the need to reform the current system of final exams in general educational institutions and entrance exams to universities and colleges, the need to ensure equal opportunities for obtaining secondary and higher professional education. The need to introduce a system of state standards to expand access to education for students, regardless of place of residence and family income level, is substantiated.

ВЛИЯНИЕ НОВОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ НА РАЗВИТИЕ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ НЕИНФЕКЦИОННОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР

Significance. COVID-19, a severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus disease, has quickly spread around the world, affecting millions of people in different countries. This infection has affected various organs and systems and increased the risk of complications of chronic non-communicable diseases, but also contributed to the emergence of new cases. The scale and consequences of COVID-19 necessitate medical professionals and health systems better understand COVID19 possible outcomes for the patient, including the development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) that the virus can cause. However, not all of them are known to medical professionals; adequate response measures are unknown either. The purpose of the study was to analyze effects of COVID-19 on the NCD development and aggravation. Material and methods. The systematic review is based on 64 publications on the effect of COVID-19 on various organs and systems and aggravated NCD that were published from 01.04.2020 to 31.01.2023. The publications were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar и eLibrary. Results. Patients with concomitant diseases are at higher risks for severe COVID-19 with adverse outcomes. COVID-19 can cause NCD in healthy people and facilitate the development of comorbidities in patients under medical follow-up for another condition. Conclusion. Proceeding from the study results, it is important both to understand the degree of the COVID-19 impact on the development of chronic conditions in patients, and keep in mind the ever-increasing volume of medical care for such patients. Scope of application. The study results can be used to efficiently plan volumes of medical care within the framework of the program of state guarantees of free medical care.

Analysis of the forensic medical examinations features in dentistry based on the study of judicial practice for 2013—2022

During the study of forensic medical examinations conducted in 2013-2022 in cases related to poor-quality dental care, the main features of the implementation of expert assessments were identified. The most common (in 46% of cases) assessment of comprehensive dental care is carried out. In 6% of cases, claims are made to 2-5 medical organizations at once. In 15-20% of cases, during the forensic medical examination, the condition in the oral cavity has already been changed by subsequent dental treatment. In the course of the study, it was determined that payments from dental organizations are on average 10 times higher than the cost of treatment and account to about 40% of the amounts requested by patients in claims. In 15% of cases, forensic medical examination was carried out on dental care provided within the framework of state guarantees of free medical care. Claims for compensation for moral damage were contained in 97% of cases, in 56% of cases the court confirmed their validity. The growth rate of cases where claims for compensation for moral damage were satisfied for 10 years amounted to 36%. The amount of compensation payments has increased. The revealed features of judicial practice in dentistry necessitate the development of objective, evidence-based, reproducible assessments and the introduction of evaluation criteria in clinical recommendations for the relevant nosology.

Perkembangan Bisnis Pariwisata Syariah Dalam Perspektif Maqashid Al-Syariah

The tourism sector based on Islamic values ​​or called halal tourism is a new breakthrough. This sector is projected to be a method and way for Muslim travelers to travel. This is based on the tourism sector which will not run out of time due to the flexible nature of the tourism industry. Consumer protection. This study uses a normative research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of this study are; 1) consumption preferences tend to benefit and harm the goods and services consumed so that goods that are beneficial are preferred over those that have no benefits and those that are harmful need to be avoided or far away do not need to be used as consumption choices in the family. 2) The concept of sharia tourism contains proper morals and character, represented by Islamic values ​​from sharia tourism products and services, in carrying out tourist trips not only aiming to enjoy the occasion but must be based on 5 things, including; efforts to protect religion, efforts to protect intelligence and reason, efforts to protect life, protection of wealth; and protection for offspring. 3) The Consumer Protection Law is an alternative law that practically seeks to protect the rights of tourists including the implementation of Islamic teachings, product and service safety, product and service clarity, choice of needs, and state guarantees in order to obtain sharia tourism products and services in accordance with the provisions principles of sharia tourism implementation.

ST. Apps: Six Together: Inovasi Sistem Rekomendasi Pelayanan Publik Rumah Ibadah di Indonesia Guna Menghasilkan Generasi Displin Ibadah

ABSTRACT
 The Indonesian state guarantees freedom of religion for all its inhabitants. The fact that the initial precepts of Pancasila are spelled out as the basic concept of nation and state shows that this nation still views religion as a necessity. Man instinctively realizes the power in this life that is outside himself. This can be seen when humans face challenges in life, crises, and natural disasters. Man in general regrets and begs for help from whatever almighty is capable of saving him from his predicament. This is something that every human being faces. It is only natural that the Indonesian government should provide places, facilities or protection for every adherent of religion in this country. However, there are several obstacles found related to the desire to perform worship if you are outside the city, the presence of this application is expected to help people in Indonesia in recommending places of worship according to the nearest location.

He problem of youth unemployment in Ukraine

Unemployment refers to acute macroeconomic problems. Since unemployment is not a new problem, but in wartime among young people, it acquires a special importance among socio-economic relations, and therefore acquires special relevance in our time. In today's conditions, the youth of our country who have graduated from educational institutions are increasingly faced with unemployment and feel redundant in the labor market. Insufficient number of vacant jobs, lack of work in a specialty, high competitiveness on the labor market, lack of state guarantees regarding employment, unsatisfactory working conditions offered to young people by employers, graduation from an educational institution does not provide any guarantees of employment in a specialty, all this leads to the uncertainty of youth in its future and requires immediate solutions.
 Young people in Ukraine make up the majority of the working population, have more education, creativity, the ability to learn new things, master new professions and are the engine of the country's socio-economic development. Therefore, the state faces the task of regulating the youth segment of the labor market, ensuring employment guarantees, helping small and medium-sized businesses, improving internship conditions for students of professional and higher educational institutions, motivating and preparing young specialists for modern labor market conditions.
 The article analyzes the essence of such a phenomenon as unemployment. The main factors of the occurrence of this phenomenon are determined, the importance of youth in the socio-economic development of the country is characterized. Statistical data from the State Employment Service are presented, the state of unemployment in Ukraine and its consequences are analyzed. Proposals are made to solve the problem of unemployment in the labor market among young people and increase the level of employment in the state.

МІСЦЕ ЗЕМЕЛЬНОЇ РЕФОРМИ В УПРАВЛІННІ ЗРУШЕННЯМИ У ВИКОРИСТАННІ ЗЕМЕЛЬНИХ РЕСУРСІВ

The article examines the question of determining the place of land reform in the management of shifts in the use of land resources. The modern consequences of the land reform in Ukraine are analyzed. The main stages of changes in the use of land resources through the prism of the normative and legal component of land reform are highlighted. To date, as a result of the land reform, significant transformations have taken place: the monopoly of state ownership of land has been eliminated; collective farms and state farms were reorganized, land was privatized; a significant layer of peasant farms was formed; a land use fee was introduced, the agricultural land market was declared and opened.
 It was established that the civilized functioning of the land market is impossible without an effective mechanism for managing shifts in the use of land resources. A structural and logical scheme of the mechanism for managing shifts in the use of land resources is proposed and the place of land reform in it is highlighted. It is emphasized that this mechanism consists of two interrelated parts: legal and economic mechanisms that interact through land management, state land cadastre and land monitoring. The legal basis of land ownership includes: rights of ownership, use, disposal of land; state guarantees of preservation and strengthening of property; responsibility of landowners for rational use of land. The economic mechanism for the regulation of land relations is a system of measures of economic influence aimed at the implementation of the land policy of the state, ensuring fair payments for land, economic stimulation of rational and efficient land use, introduction of economic sanctions for irrational use and deterioration of the ecological condition of land plots. It includes both types of relations in the use of land shares and land plots by individuals and legal entities, local self-government bodies and the state, as well as economic tools for regulating these relations. The role of the free market of agricultural land in the development of land relations is emphasized.

IMMUNITY PHENOMENON IN THE CRIMINAL LAW OF UKRAINE

Introduction. The article analyzes the phenomenon of immunities of different categories of persons in the criminal law of Ukraine, which has not yet been researched. The legal grounds for the existence of the practice of providing state guarantees of non-applicability of liability to certain subjects who commit acts similar to criminal offenses are determined. The expediency of conducting these studies is determined by the need to improve the normative regulation of legal relations in the criminal law of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is an attempt to specify the nature of the objectively existing phenomenon in the criminal law of Ukraine, which manifests legitimatіоn оf non-application of criminal-legal means (influence) to person, determined by the status of a person who has committed an act prescribed by the criminal law. The research methods used in the publication combine the use of dialectical, dogmatic, comparative methods, as well as systemic analysis. Summary of the main results of the study. Taking into account the traditional view of the process of application of criminal law, it was noted that not all actions that meet the characteristics of a criminal offense entail the application of criminal liability to a person or the application of other measures of a criminal law nature. Some participants in criminal legal relations have advantages over others. They are given guarantees that no restrictions on rights and freedoms provided for by the Criminal Code of Ukraine apply to them for any or individual actions. Such guarantees form immunities in criminal law. Some grounds for such immunities provided by international and national parliamentary law are considered. Attention was drawn to the lack of proper regulation of this issue directly in the criminal legislation. The need to supplement the criminal legislation with provisions on personal immunities is supported. Conclusions. Immunities in criminal law can be understood as restrictions, peculiarities or prohibitions on the application of any or certain measures of criminal law influence to him due to the specifics of a person's legal status for an act that coincides in terms with a criminal offense, or failure to recognize such an act committed as a criminal offense . The state's denial of the authority to apply criminal legal measures to a person in connection with the person's immunity is a real phenomenon. In order to ensure an appropriate special regime for the implementation of criminal-law relations with the participation of persons endowed with immunity, the specified phenomenon should receive proper regulation in the legislation on criminal liability.

Strategy for competitive development of forestry of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to justify the strategy of competitive development of forestry in Ukraine and to develop measures for its implementation. The methodological basis of the research is the implementation of a system analysis, based on the results of which the strategy of competitive development of forestry is substantiated, and the conducted scientific generalizations determined the formulation of the main measures for the implementation of the specified strategy. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the systematization and generalization of the main directions of the proposed strategy for the competitive development of the forest industry, which will increase the efficiency of the functioning of the entities of the forestry industry in Ukraine. The presented strategy is based on the need to create a legal, investment and innovative environment for the effective development of forestry with the simultaneous capitalization of assets of state forestry enterprises. Conclusions. The formation of the legal environment requires the development and adoption of normative and legislative acts aimed at creating favorable tax, customs, credit and institutional conditions for the competitive functioning of the industry. The creation of a competitive investment environment involves a system of measures related to the need to attract additional financial resources, in particular: implementation of the mechanism of state guarantees, direct long-term contracts between forestry enterprises and foreign investors regarding the sale of raw wood to the latter; joint agreements with local self-government bodies and subjects of agro-industrial production; formation of non-statutory formations in the form of clusters and industrial parks. The formation of an innovative competitive environment involves a system of measures aimed at implementing various organizational, production and financial innovations in it, in particular: diversification of production; introduction of the marketing management system; formation of own primary and advanced processing of wood by purchasing the necessary modern equipment and energy-saving technological lines. Keywords: forestry, competitiveness, innovative provision, investment environment, innovative development.