State Grants Research Articles

OPTIMIZATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN GYNECOLOGY: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE TURNOVER OF YOUNG SPECIALISTS

Introduction: There is a shortage of medical personnel all over the world and this trend is only increasing every year. Trends in leaving the medical profession in the modern world are caused by various factors, including the aging of the population, emotional burnout, lack of support and equipment with innovative tackle, and an increase in workload that took place during the coronavirus pandemic. All the above leads to difficulties in retaining medical personnel, respectively, to a decrease in the quality of patient care and pronounced financial difficulties for medical institutions. It is no secret that all over the world, as well as in Kazakhstan, steps are being taken to solve these problems, including ongoing changes in the education system and the use of the latest digital technologies, telemedicine. The purpose of the study: is to evaluate the factors influencing the desire to leave work among young gynecologists. Materials and methods: A cross–sectional study was conducted, in which a telephone interview was conducted with 36 young gynecologists who completed their studies at the expense of a state grant from three to eight years ago. The group of respondents is conditionally divided into those who no longer work in their specialty or are going to change their profession or migrate (15 people – group 1) and those who continue to work in their specialty and will work soon (21 people — group 2). Data processing was carried out using the data analysis package of the Microsoft® Office Excel 365 spreadsheet processor, SPSS IBM Statistics version 26.0 for Windows. Results: Dissatisfaction with the protection of the rights of medical workers increased the chance to leave the profession by 10 times (95% CI:2.1-48.5, p=0.003), stress increased the chance to leave by 5.5 times 95% CI: 1.3-23.7, p=0.018), difficulties with purchasing preferential housing by 5.5 times (95% CI: 1.3-23.7), dissatisfaction with wages increased the chance of leaving the profession by 5.3 times (95% CI:1.2-24.7). These same factors had statistically significant correlations with the desire to leave the profession. The imperfection of the system of financing medical services, the difficulties of working with it and unfair fines, according to respondents, influenced the reluctance to work in public medical institutions. Conclusion: During the interviewing of young obstetrician-gynecologists, a rather unfavorable tendency towards the desire to leave practical healthcare was revealed. Almost a third does not work or does not want to work in the practical healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, while more than half works in the private sector or prefers to go to the private sector. Factors that can be considered when planning personnel policy in medicine for decision makers have been identified.

Trends in State Support of Drone Aircraft Industry

The article deals with the development of drone aircraft industry, which is based on a number of fundamental economic and legal theories. Economic theories substantiate the necessity of state support stimulating innovation and protection of national markets, while theories of state and law provide legal base for safe and legal use of drone aircrafts. All together these theoretical approaches form the integral basis for efficient regulation and sustainable development of industry. In Russia the drone aircraft sphere is developing with considerable state support. In response to growing demand for drones in different sectors, such as transport, logistics, agriculture and defense the government take steps aimed at stimulation of production and introduction of drone technologies. Economic theories provide ideas how state and private sector could develop drone aircraft efficiently. They include concepts of state interference, competitive advantage, innovation and economy on scale. Clear understanding of economic aspects of investing in drone aircraft, the role of state grants and other types of support is important for estimating the potential of this industry and its economic impact. The development of drone aircraft systems can both strengthen defense possibilities and stimulate economic growth by creating new jobs and professional trends.

Perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Dalam Hukum Persaingan Usaha: Perspektif Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha

Intellectual Property Rights are exclusive rights the state grants to inventors or creators of their intellectual works. Competition Law and the role of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission are closely related in ensuring the protection of intellectual property rights in Indonesia to prevent a decline in competitiveness and investment climate, including potential activities that can harm consumers such as the circulation of counterfeit products, price instability, and maintaining Indonesia's image in the international arena. This paper aims to provide an overview of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission's important role in ensuring the protection of intellectual property rights within the framework of healthy business competition law in Indonesia. The research method used is a descriptive normative legal research type. The data collection technique used is a literature study. Secondary data is analyzed qualitatively, and conclusions are drawn using deductive logic. The results of the study show that regulations give the Business Competition Supervisory Commission the authority to take action against business actors who violate intellectual property rights, monopolistic practices, and unfair business competition, such as unfair pricing, production restrictions, and exclusive agreements. Thus, the Business Competition Supervisory Commission has an important role in ensuring the protection of intellectual property rights to create a healthy business competition climate.

The effect of profitability and thin capitalization on tax avoidance moderated by transfer pricing in energy sector companies listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange

The contribution of taxes to state revenue in Indonesia is very high. In 2021, 2022, and 2023, tax revenue contributed an average of 77.17 percent of total state income and grants, with 7.23 percent of tax revenue coming from the mining and quarrying sector. The tax burden on companies leads to efforts for tax avoidance. Several factors that influence tax avoidance are profitability, thin capitalization, and transfer pricing. This study aims to determine the effect of profitability and thin capitalization on tax avoidance moderated by transfer pricing. The research objects are companies in the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2021 to 2023. The research method used is quantitative with secondary data sources. The sample size is 31 companies, observed over 3 years, resulting in 93 observations. Regression analysis was performed using the Eviews 12 software. The results show that profitability does not affect tax avoidance. Thin capitalization practices have a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance. Transfer pricing does not strengthen the relationship between profitability and tax avoidance. Transfer pricing does not strengthen the relationship between thin capitalization and tax avoidance.

Challenges and Supports for Implementing Health Equity During National Accreditation Among Small Local Health Departments in the United States.

This article focuses on supports and challenges to health equity that small local health departments (LHDs) experienced while working toward national reaccreditation or Pathways Recognition with the Public Health Accreditation Board's Standards & Measures Version 2022 (PHAB S&M v2022). The study team conducted 22 qualitative interview sessions with members of health department leadership teams. In the spring of 2024, participants from 4 small LHDs in the western and midwestern regions of the United States participated in individual remote interview sessions. Participants were members of leadership teams in LHDs with population jurisdictions less than 50000. Common challenges relating to the health equity measures in the PHAB S&M v2022 included external influences on equity language; lack of small population data; and racially and ethnically homogeneous populations and staff. The main support was the national equity standards provided justification for pursuing equity work. Strategies to overcome challenges associated with the equity measures included staff training, seeking alternative equity language, and examining socioeconomic inequities in addition to race and ethnicity. Internal workforce understanding of health equity was improved through department-wide training initiatives. When working under restrictive language requirements for state agencies, grants, and other funding sources, staff suggested using alternative phrases and keywords such as level playing field and equal access. When addressing racially and ethnically homogenous populations, staff pursued equity in terms of income and focused on those living with pre-existing conditions (ie, diabetes). Ensuring that LHDs can work toward health equity is crucial for reducing health inequities. While the equity focus of PHAB S&M v2022 proved challenging, for this selection of LHDs, participants affirmed that PHAB accreditation allowed them to solidify their equity work to better serve their communities.

Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs—State Grants (ED)

Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs—State Grants (ED)

SUPPORT FOR ATTRACTING INVESTMENTSTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR

The article examines the institutional support for attracting investments to the development of the tourism sector in Ukraine, which serves as a key factor for creating a favorable investment climate and stimulating industry growth. The aim of the research is to analyze, systematize, and summarize the existing institutional foundations for attracting investments, as well as to develop recommendations for overcoming institutional problems in the tourism sector's development. The study presents a system of legal, organizational, economic, and social instruments that create conditions for activating investment activities in the tourism sector. The importance of state support, improving legislation, and developing effective financial mechanisms for attracting investors is substantiated. The research findings indicate that Ukraine has significant potential in the tourism sector due to its natural, cultural, and historical resources. It is revealed that the lack of systematic legislation, inadequate training of personnel, weaknesses in financial mechanisms, and the mismatch of the tax system with industry needs hinder the development of the tourism sector. The study also identified the urgent need for a unified legislative act regulating activities in the tourism sector. Special attention is paid to the role of government organizations that provide informational support and cooperation between the state and business, as well as their participation in developing tourism development strategies. The article presents examples of international cooperation and Ukraine's participation in international organizations' programs that promote foreign investment attraction. The necessity of creating effective financial instruments, including state subsidies and grants, to support new tourism projects is justified. The research emphasizes the importance of implementing tax incentives for enterprises in the tourism sector and developing informational platforms for convenient access to investment opportunities. It is argued that institutional support for attracting investments to the development of the tourism sector in Ukraine is a comprehensive process that requires the systematization of legislation, support for innovative enterprises, modernization of personnel training, and the development of financial mechanisms that will contribute to the sustainable development of tourism infrastructure and the attraction of new investments.

AmeriCorps State and National Competitive Grants (AC)

AmeriCorps State and National Competitive Grants (AC)

AmeriCorps state and national grants for volunteer support

AmeriCorps state and national grants for volunteer support

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF STUDENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES

The article presents a historical and pedagogical analysis of the formation and development of the system of student scientific research activities in European institutions of higher education. The evolution of this system is studied, tracing its roots from the birth of the first universities in the Middle Ages to the modern stage of higher education development in Europe. Special attention is given to analyzing the impact of world wars, technological progress, and globalization on the development of student research. The article examines the peculiarities of organizing student research activities in leading European universities, including the University of Oxford, the Technical University of Munich, and Leiden University. The role of student scientific societies in cultivating a research culture and shaping the scientific outlook of students is also analyzed. Attention is paid to the issue of financing student research activities, with various mechanisms for supporting student research considered, including state grants, university funds, and private company programs. The components of the student research activity system discussed ‒ such as the integration of research into the educational process, international cooperation, use of advanced technologies, interdisciplinary approaches, and alignment with societal needs ‒ demonstrate their effectiveness in training new researchers who can address modern challenges and contribute to the development of science and society. The purpose of the article is to conduct a historical-pedagogical analysis of student research activity systems in different European countries. The research methods applied: historical-pedagogical, literature analysis, synthesis, comparison, and theoretical generalization.

Did court dismiss employee's Title VII claim?

A Black woman served as the executive director of a childcare program at Auburn University, which was funded by two state grants. About a year into her role, her supervisor advised her to soften her “brusque and blunt” communication style. FCCP employees complained that the director repeatedly failed to respond to emails and work‐related communications. The employees also claimed she made “rude and abrupt comments, [spoke] over people, and [prevented] FCCP staff from saying what they needed to say.” Shortly thereafter, officials from the grant funding agency met with the director and her supervisor to express concerns about the tone of her communications. The officials warned her that if significant improvements weren’t made within 30 days, the grants could be revoked.

Branch differentiation of financial mechanisms of enterprise restructuring

In the paper, the financial mechanism of enterprise restructuring is interpreted as a complex process, the object of comprehensive analysis, clear planning, effective implementation, the implementation of which allows enterprises to restore financial stability, increase competitiveness and ensure sustainable development in the long term. It has been proven that the general principles of the functioning of the financial restructuring mechanism are: transparent business conduct, openness in communication, mutual benefit, reaching consensus, analysis of all aspects of activity, integration of various measures, realistic goals, financial flexibility, constant monitoring, reporting to stakeholders, innovativeness, proactivity , flexibility and operational adaptation, alternative, optimality, etc. Adherence to the specified principles ensures the successful implementation of financial restructuring, increases trust in the enterprise and contributes to achieving its financial stability. It is shown that the sectoral differentiation of financial mechanisms of enterprise restructuring allows taking into account the specifics of each industry, ensuring effective management of financial risks and optimization of resources. Successful restructuring requires an individual approach that takes into account the unique needs and operating conditions of each enterprise. Based on the results of summarizing the experience of the functioning of financial mechanisms in various branches of the national economy, it was established that they differ in various aspects of restructuring, which can be of the following nature: adaptive, structural, structural-adaptive, integrative, security-oriented, reengineering of business processes. General financial instruments that can be used in all branches of the national economy are substantiated - state financing programs through the use of state grants, subsidies and credit programs to support restructuring measures, as well as public-private partnerships based on the involvement of private investors for joint financing of infrastructure projects.

Mine Health and Safety State Grants (DOL)

Mine Health and Safety State Grants (DOL)

Immersion of Venezuelan Migrant Workers in Colombia

Objective: this research aims to determine the opportunities offered by various societies, which exercise employment contracts, focusing on subjects with migration circumstances, in this case Venezuelans; examining the global challenges and perspectives that a state assumes, the impact that this phenomenon causes on society, along with its consequences and the adaptation processes in the work environment. Theoretical Framework: The driving factors of migration are investigated from the economic, social, political and demographic order. Method: A socio-legal approach and a qualitative paradigm are used, since the information is collected and selected through reading articles, bibliographies and virtual and in-person meetings. Ideas were exchanged and the different research that was found to contribute to the development of the central theme was socialized. Results and Discussion: The main reasons for migration and the working conditions that the state grants to migrants were determined. Research implications: A wide range of areas are covered, from public policies to labor and social practices. Originality/Value: This research examines various aspects from multifaceted perspectives with main relevance in political and social relations.

Environmental Priorities, Drivers and Barriers in the Craft Beer Sector: Insights from Massachusetts Breweries

This article provides empirical research about the environmental priorities, drivers, and barriers in the craft beer sector. It is based on a survey of 43 Massachusetts craft breweries. The authors found that the top three environmental drivers for the industry include: being an environmental steward (81%), saving money (67%), and maintaining a good reputation with the community (63%). The most significant challenges preventing craft breweries from adopting pollution prevention and environmental sustainability strategies include: lack of financial resource (74%), limited knowledge about their opportunities (67%), and lack of time (67%). The top three pollution prevention areas of interest to Massachusetts craft breweries include energy efficiency (88% of participants), water efficiency (76%), and using safer chemicals (67%). In addition, over 80% of participants expressed interest in a “Green Brewery” recognition, obtaining information about state and other incentives and grants, and preventing waste through reuse or recycling. Spent grain management, recycling, and waste prevention are the three areas where craft breweries perform best presently. Wastewater reduction and reducing the use of hazardous chemicals are the most challenging areas for them. The re-search also found some differences in the priorities and drivers when comparing nanobreweries (with a production of fewer than 1000 beer barrels (bbl)/year) and larger craft breweries (with a production over 1000 bbl/year). The study findings provide valuable insights for devising effective policies and actions to support the sector’s adoption of pollution prevention.

Indigenous autonomy and decentralization in Colombia's quest for peace

AbstractColombia's constitution recognizes territorial autonomy as an inalienable right of its indigenous peoples, much like other countries across Latin America. Yet, for indigenous people exercising those rights, Colombia is the most dangerous country in the world. Why do states grant extensive rights to indigenous peoples and then fail to uphold them? This article approaches that question through an analysis of decentralization amid Colombia's armed conflict. It examines how crises that prompted a decentralization of governance during the conflict created political opportunities for indigenous rights in Colombia. Subsequent shifts in the conflict, however, including competition for control of extractive industries, put indigenous autonomy at odds with all the conflicting parties' interests. To resolve these challenges, the article suggests that the politics of climate change has created new political opportunities for indigenous autonomy throughout Latin America. It calls for investing in indigenous self‐governance to both protect the environment and secure peace.

What lies beneath these creatures of the state: understanding the death of specialised governments in the U.S.

ABSTRACT After analysing 40 years of census data on U.S. local government change, this study finds that the dissolution of special districts (specialised governments) or ‘exits’ in U.S. counties are largely unrelated to demand factors. Using fixed effects regression specified at the urban county level, we find that restrictions on the fiscal autonomy of cities are associated with decreases in the special district exit rate and count. There is also evidence that state grants of ‘broad’ or ‘limited’ functional home rule to cities increase special district dissolutions. These results largely disappear when examining subgroups of districts classified by their asset specificity. The findings are consistent with the circumvention argument made in the local autonomy literature and may indicate some service consolidation, albeit from a different perspective.

‘Morphing between the margins’: how youth make a living across multiple spaces in South Africa and beyond

ABSTRACT Young South Africans regularly generate livelihoods on the move, as they morph across a mainstream economic field and two translocal sub-fields. While a field implies sets of relations operating under common conditions, translocal sub-fields are local spaces of exchange and practice, where resources are utilised, in a relationship with other linked spaces. In South Africa, the mainstream economic field largely consists of an urban labour market with some good jobs and unskilled labour. Alongside it a rural sub-field consists of farm and off-farm activities, reciprocal exchange and state grants. Finally, on the outskirts of urban areas a township sub-field consists of young people hustling resources in the informal sector. After describing how mobile young South Africans make a living across these spaces, I show how this case is both similar and different to other post-colonial contexts with substantial informal economic sectors like India and Brazil. In these places, youth strive to make a living by accumulating resources as they move across spaces that include, but transcend, the labour market. A particular form of mobile, global South youth livelihood generation occurs across the mainstream capitalist economy and informal urban and rural contexts, where economic relations remain largely embedded in social life.

Why failed asylum seekers should have a conditional right to stay: an ethical guideline for policy debates

This article aims to reconcile the moral rights of failed asylum seekers with the integrity of the asylum system. Can the state grant failed asylum seekers a right to stay without undermining the core purpose of the refugee system? Can the state sometimes return those whose asylum claim has failed without violating their moral rights? The article argues that restricting the rights of asylum seekers and reducing the length of the asylum process raise ethical concerns and practical problems. It emphasizes that liberal states should charitably interpret the norms of international protection. It proposes to extend the right to stay on social membership grounds qualified by a good faith condition, and limit returns to those that have lodged their claim in bad faith. Engaging with the good/bad faith distinction the article aims to counteract a culture of suspicion towards asylum seekers by clarifying what it really means to launch a claim in bad faith and to realign its scope in a morally appropriate way.

Authoritarianism and civil society in Central Asia: Shifting boundaries

ABSTRACT The traditional narrative on state-civil society relations in the consolidated authoritarian regimes of Central Asia is one of coercion with little room for independent NGOs which challenge the states’ discourse. There is however emerging evidence of a gradual shift in relationships. First, the distinction between independent organizations (NGOs) and government organized bodies (GONGOs) is becoming blurred as the former struggle to remain financially buoyant and the latter find (limited) opportunities to influence the state. Second, the role played by international donors in authoritarian regimes is fraught with obstacles/resistance making internal civil society organizations more self-reliant and the state grants’ application process more competitive. Third, the context is changing with a younger more assertive generation willing to challenge the vestiges of the Soviet era. Using Kazakhstan as a Central Asian case study, this article finds there is an increasing role for civil society along an NGO-GONGO continuum aimed at ‘challenging existing realities’ even within the parameters of authoritarian states.