LAND-USE PLANNERS AND PRESERVATIONISTS recognize that rural and cultural resource management in the United States requires a working partnership between federal, state, and local government, private landowners, and community organizations. In the context of accelerated growth, and as an issue of rural conservation concern nationally, the Hanalei River Bridge controversy on the island of Kauai in Hawaii draws attention to the difficulty of protecting traditional rural areas. Striking the balance between an agricultural landscape's opportunities for nonagricultural economic development and the costs of losing open land particularly well-suited for producing crops or livestock is no simple task.' Since Hawaiian statehood in 1959, competing demands upon agricultural land and rural lifestyle have intensified, and Hawaii now faces the