State Cultural Policy Research Articles

Policing Exhibit B in St Denis and Paris

This article will consider the protests against Brett Bailey’s 2014 performance installation Exhibit B at the Théâtre Gérard Philippe (TGP) in the Paris suburb of St Denis and at the Espace Centquatre within Paris itself. Rather than focusing on the ethical and political questions raised by the piece, I will analyse how in the first instance the deployment of police highlighted the specific importance given to the theatre within French state cultural policy. Following this, I will analyse how this incident exemplified a distinct manifestation of an imperial ‘afterlife’ of the French state. Building on Kristin Ross’ work as well as Laura-Ann Stoler’s elaborations on French colonial aphasia (active forgetting), I aim to tease out how the heavy-handed deployment of the police at the specific location of the TGP and the softer strategy deploying an ‘exclusion zone’ around the Espace Centquatre exemplified the persistent continuation of France’s imperial policies as they are applied to racialised populations within its own ‘metropolitan’ territory. This will lead me to question some of the spatial and temporal assumptions underpinning some of the causal narratives regarding contemporary racism in France, grounded in assumptions that the brutal facts of colonialism happened on far away continents, or to use Anne McClintock’s formulation, ‘over there’.

Who Needs Traditional Values? The Problem of Integrating Traditional Cultures into Modern Society

Introduction. The article analyzes the basic concepts of ethno-cultural discourse, and raises the problem of the uncertainty of the conceptual apparatus, on the basis of which the theory of intercultural interactions is built, which makes it difficult to introduce the results of research into practice. The authors propose to clarify the categories that are relevant specifically for Russia at the present time, in the context of the formation of the foundations of the state's cultural policy and the adoption of relevant legislative acts. The subject of the research is the system of categories underlying the theories of modernization and theories of cultural interactions.Methodology and sources. The analysis of the categorical apparatus of modern ethno-cultural policy is based on methodological principles that have developed in science in the process of a cultural-centric turn, which was laid down by the works of T. Parsons and P. Sorokin.Results and discussion. The paradigmatic nature and indefinite use of such categories as “traditional values” and “traditional cultures” creates conditions for speculation and does not allow building a balanced cultural policy. And the unreasonable desire to the conservation of archaic cultural patterns leads to serious contradictions in the goals and results of the implementation of cultural policy. It is concluded that in order to make effective political decisions, it is necessary to take into account the difference in the use of concepts in the social sciences and the humanities and in the political sphere. It is necessary to separate the so-called “traditional values” and archaic societies, understanding by the former the values traditional for a particular cultural system, regardless of the concept of progress. And under the second – archaic cultures (and societies, carriers of these cultures), one should understand cultures that were formed on the basis of primitive technology to ensure the viability of the population.Conclusion. In such a paradigm of cultural observation of observations of archaic cultures, one should build not only from the study of the intrinsic value of culture, but also from the disclosure of equal accessibility of humanitarian benefits (health protection, choice of occupation, accessibility of cultural achievements and education, etc.).

Exhibition Activities of the Pavlovsk Palace and Park Ensemble in the 1950s

During the period of active post-war restoration of the palace and park ensembles of Leningrad, in the absence of permanent expositions, exhibitions were one of the few ways of museum communication. The article focuses on the exhibitions of the Pavlovsk Palace Museum and Park in the 1950s. As a research base, the author uses articles from the newspaper “Vperyod” issued in the city of Pushkin, and unpublished materials of the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of St. Petersburg: reports and plans of the directorate, programs of festive events, minutes of the scientific department employees’ meetings, financial reports of the 1950s, etc.On the example of Pavlovsk, the article reveals the essence of exhibitions as a typical phenomenon for a museum complex, as well as for a culture and recreation park, which allowed forming civic consciousness and implementing state cultural policy. The exhibitions helped to solve a set of political, educational, personality-developing, leisure, and cultural tasks of Soviet cultural institutions.The author conducts a comparative quantitative analysis of the total number of exhibitions by year. Based on the content of the exhibitions, there is provided a universal thematic classification. The article shows the connection of the disclosed topics and the number of exhibitions with the cultural and political situation in the country during that period. There is determined the organizational specifics of the process, within which the main sites, time and forms of exhibitions are identified.The article concludes that most of the exhibitions did not correspond to the museum’s essence, but those that related directly to the history of the museum and its collections were in tourist demand. Some of the exhibitions of the museum profile, over time, determined the content of the future permanent expositions of the State Museum-Reserve “Pavlovsk”. The emergence and growth of such exhibitions, covered in the media, contributed to the activation of visitor interest in Pavlovsk as a museum and the development of cultural tourism, primarily at the local and regional level.

Scientific-Research Potential of the National Librarianship and Book Industry

2021 was declared the Year of Science and Technology by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 812 of December 25, 2020. The main purpose of its holding is the development of science and technology in our country. Support and improvement of the effectiveness of scientific research are directly related to libraries — scientific-research institutions. Within the framework of the Year of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation resumed the All-Russian competition of scientific works in the area of library science, bibliography and book studies, which took place in 1978—2014. The competition has established itself as one of the most effective methods of evaluating and encouraging the results of research work in librarianship. In 2021, it was organized and conducted by the National Library of Russia and the Russian State Library. On November 18, 2021, within the framework of the Annual Meeting of the Heads of federal and central regional libraries of Russia, the solemn awarding of the winners took place.In 2021, the jury of the competition considered 105 works (42 — in library science, 17 — in bibliography, 22 — in book studies, 24 works related to other categories). 150 authors from 41 subjects of the Russian Federation presented their works.The article presents in tabular form the winners in six nominations (“Best scientific work in the field of library science”; “Best scientific work in the field of bibliography science”; “Best scientific work in the field of book studies”; “Best scientific multimedia project”; “Best scientific work of regional libraries”; “Best scientific work of young specialist under the age of 35”). The article also presents the winners in additional nominations established by national libraries.The competition has shown significant scientific-research potential; and the materials presented are of great importance not only for the development of libraries and the branch as a whole, but also largely serve to solve social and humanitarian problems set out in the “Fundamentals of State Cultural Policy”, established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 808 of December 24, 2014.It is advisable to consider the holding of the All-Russian competition of scientific papers in library science, bibliography and book studies in conjunction with other major scientific events in the library field that took place in 2021: publication of the collective monograph “Scientific research in libraries: topics, organization, presentation of results” and the International scientific and Practical Conference “Library science in the XXI century: content, organization, digitalization and scientometrics”. These events contributed to the support and development of science in librarianship in the framework of implementation of the “Strategy for the Development of Librarianship in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030”.

Государственная культурная политика в годы Великой Отечественной войны

The article describes the content and features of the state cultural policy during the Great Patriotic War. In the pre-war period and in the first years of the war, the state budget cut on cultural expenditures, and all Soviet cultural institutions aimed their activities at achieving the main strategic goal, i.e. victory. The research was based on an institutional approach, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparison. The author studied various regulatory documents and defined the main features of cultural activities in wartime conditions. Advantages of the socio-political system made it possible to mobilize all types of resources in the shortest time possible. Institutions of culture were responsible for propaganda and recruiting campaign, thus performing the function of ideological and political inspirer of Soviet citizens.

Italian cultural policy: conclusions for Russia

The article analyses current public management and funding practices of cultural organisations in Italy by using comparative and statistical analysis. The structure of the sector’s governing bodies and approaches to budgeting for culture at national level have been explored. Trends in decreasing funding from provincial, regional and local budgets have been identified. The status, legislative and institutional conditions for the emergence of Italy’s unique multichannel cultural financing system have been described. An analysis of the Italian museum system’s reform has been presented. The activities of private opera foundations have been discussed in detail. The main similarities between Russian and Italian cultural policies have been described. These are the drive to expand the boundaries and activities associated with the cultural sector, the significant burden on local and regional authorities in the field of cultural heritage preservation, the “quantitative approach” and the application of financial performance indicators to assess cultural organisations performance.The article’s scientific novelty lies in the complex approach to the study of Italian cultural policy using the criteria proposed by D. Montias and A. I. Glagolev, and in the study of the activities of Italian opera foundations and museums, which had not previously been sufficiently covered in the Russian and foreign literature. The prospect of the topic, the practical significance and relevance of the research are due to the need to implement regulations in Russia which set a course for the creation of a multi-channel system of funding and a broad understanding of the cultural sector, and ensuring inter-agency and inter-regional cooperation between the authorities in the implementation of cultural policy.The article analyses a wide range of financial support mechanisms for culture, most of which are named in the “Strategy of State Cultural Policy of Russia as Targets by 2030”, while Italy has accumulated considerable experience in this area for several decades.

The legal field of Russian museums as the basis of the modern cultural policy of the Russian Federation

Starting from the 2022–2023 academic year, St Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design will begin lecturing and conducting practiacademic disciplines “Modern Cultural Policy of Russian Federation”. This course has been introduced into the educational process of many Russian universities in connection with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “Fundamentals of State Cultural Policy” (2014). State cultural policy is an integral part of Russia’s national security strategy. Within its framework, specific tasks are set and carried out. The article describes the structure of the regulatory framework that forms the state policy of Russia in the field of culture. The normative legal acts that make it up serve as sources of the legal field of the museum sphere. The novelty of the study lies in the method of systematizing the legal documents that underlie the legislation on Russian museums in order to present the foundations of modern cultural policy to students of St Petersburg State University of Applied Arts. The scientific significance lies in the fact that the latest legal acts affecting museum issues are analyzed, interpreted with the comments of the researchers of the issue in order to form students’ understanding that the protection of the common good, including in the field of museums, is associated with the organizational and power activities of the state. This article analyzes separate legal sources of the Russian Federation regarding the state and functioning of the Museum Fund and museums in Russia, in particular, the Federal Law “On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and museums in the Russian Federation”.

МОНОГРАФИЯ НОРАЙРА АКОПЯНА «ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ В СФЕРЕ ОХРАНЫ ОБЪЕКТОВ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ И ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ СРЕДЫ: ОПЫТ АРМЕНИИ И БЕЛАРУСИ» / MONOGRAPH OF NORAYR HAKOBYAN “LEGAL REGULATION IN THE FIELD OF PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE AND HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT: THE EXPERIENCE OF ARMENIA AND BELARUS”

Review (criticism) is one of the driving forces of science. Every new book needs a professional examination and grade. Norayr Hakobyan’s publication on "Legal regulation in the field of protection of cultural heritage objects and historical environment: The Experience of Armenia and Belarus” (2019, Grodno, in Russian) addresses one of the most important issues of the Armenian reality- the legal field of preservation of historical and cultural heritage. The experience of Armenia and Belarus (member states of the Eurasian Economic Union ) in the field of protection of cultural heritage – the main legal issues on legal regulation, public administration, control and registration, state cultural policy and cadastre management, as well as legal-administrative, civil-legal and criminal-legal protection of historical and cultural values was examined and presented.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ «ИСЧЕЗАЮЩИХ» СЕЛ: КУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ФАКТОР В ПОМОЩЬ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

The purpose of the publication is to consider the cultural factor in the aspect of socio–economic security of rural areas; to identify the relationship between the state cultural policy and changes in the socio-demographic situation in relation to these regions; to discover the causes of ineffective demographic policy of the state and to offer alternative solutions to existing problems.

Directions of improvement of the state cultural policy of the Russian federation

Directions of improvement of the state cultural policy of the Russian federation

The Kazan Avant-garde of 1910–1930s: Regional and National Specific Features

The article highlights the regional version of the Russian avant-garde, which developed in such an important artistic center of Russia as Kazan, the capital of a vast region with a multi-confessional and multi-ethnic population. The article reveals the origins of the phenomenon and the main stages of its development, due to such historical events as the creation and reorganization of the Kazan Art School, the First World War and the Civil War, the revolution of 1917. The author positions the art of Kazan as part of the all-Russian artistic process. The new state cultural policy began to guide its development during the revolutionary years. Avant-garde artists elaborated and directed it towards the promotion and widespread propaganda of avant-garde art. The author reveals the development of the avant-garde through the activities of the art associations of Kazan — “Sunflower”, “Vsadnik (Rider)”, “TatLEF”, “SULF”, through the work of leading artists — K. Chebotarev, A. Platunova, I. Nikitin, S. Fedotov, I. Pleshchinsky, N. Shikalov, F. Tagirov, B. Urmanche and others. The author singles out the features of the Kazan avant-garde, determined by national and religious factors: the two main peoples of the region are Russians and Tatars, who profess Orthodoxy and Islam. This determined the predominance of Russian artists at the fi rst stage, their passion for various styles of the European avant-garde, which were carried out in different types of art. Their interest in the art of the peoples of their region became an important source for experiments. The formation of a galaxy of artists-Tatars was a characteristic feature of the Kazan avant-garde after the mid-1920s. The abolition of the religious restrictions of Islam which did not allow the development of the Tatar fi ne arts was adopted after the revolution and facilitated this process. An important role was played by the purposeful activity of B. Urmanche, who attracted the Tatar youth to art education. In this environment, mainly graphic art and theatrical and decorative arts were evolved, and the main stylistic direction of the Tatar avant-garde was Constructivism.

PRESERVATION OF SCIENTIFIC, HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF N. N. MIKLOUHO-MACLAY IN THE CONTEXT PF DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL TIES BETWEEN RUSSIA AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA

The idea of modern state cultural policy of the Russian Federation lies in creation and development of a system of education for citizens on the basis of traditional for Russia moral values and patriotism. This is achievable through learning the historical and cultural heritage of Russia, world culture, development of creative abilities of the individual, aesthetic perception of the world, accession to different types of cultural activity. As an example of preservation of scientific, historical, cultural and ideological heritage the MiklouhoMaclay Online Museum is discussed, which has opened online in October 2021. It represents the activities of the famous scientist and traveler of the late nineteenth century, which made a great impression on his contemporaries. For example, L. N. Tolstoy praised the researcher’s writings, for in them he saw a confirmation of his thoughts that true civilization can be brought to peoples not by violence, but by education and care for them. The Online Museum contains those results of exploration and scientific study of the South Pacific that help to maintain international contacts and promote intercultural dialogue. Particular attention is given to the description of the collection, which was created with the help of the indigenous people of the North-East of the New Guinea Island (Maclay Coast), where the exhibits were collected. The exhibits in the Online Museum are also interesting because they are showcased in comparison with their counterparts from N. N. Miklouho-Maclay collections of the nineteenth century. Links to the descriptions are available on the resources of those museums where they are stored. Museums today are considered as one of the most important means of education, they specifically perform the functions of additional education—a symbolic act of meeting the past and the present. In the educational process, clearly structured museum materials can be useful for various age categories of students. The establishment of the Miklouho-Maclay Online Museum is also a significant step on the way of enhancing the relations between the Russian Federation and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, because it contributes to the development of cultural relations between the states. It is a site, which with the help of information about the outstanding scientist and his achievements, shows the connection between generations, gives specific knowledge about the study of the South Seas by Russia from the nineteenth century until today.

Идеология и культура в контексте государственной культурной политики

In the context of the formation of the new value-oriented model of State Cultural policy in Russia, the need to change its real practice of cultural policy is actualized. The key to realizing the orientation potential of the state cultural policy is self-identification in ideology as a structure of the cultural sphere. The ideology of the modern cultural policy, according to the authors, should be the concept of conservative realism, based on the interpretation of the conservative approach proposed by the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin as a reliance on a time-tested tradition, the preservation and multiplication of the population, realism in assessing oneself and others, the exact alignment of a system of priorities, the correlation of the necessary and possible, calculating formulation of the goal, a principled rejection of extremism as a way of acting.

Повернення культурних цінностей: правова концепція, втілена в національному законодавстві

The article examines the legal concept of the return of cultural values embodied in national legislation. It was established that the main principle of cultural relations between peoples, aimed at protecting, stimulating and enriching the cultural identity and cultural heritage of each of them, is the return to the countries of origin of cultural values illegally moved beyond their borders. In today’s global world, the importance of protecting cultural heritage and promoting cultural exchanges in order to strengthen mutual understanding between peoples and spread culture for the progress of civilization is of decisive importance. As a rule, states put a lot of effort into clarifying and establishing rights to their own cultural values. Moreover, the issue of the return of cultural values that have been moved (exported) is among the urgent problems of the state cultural policy of Ukraine. It should be noted that for our country, this issue sounds particularly acute, because the fact that Ukrainian lands are part of other states has contributed to the uncontrolled export of national cultural values, and since 2014, Ukraine has faced the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, which, among other things, also resulted in the loss of such values The author is convinced that based on the historical traditions of state formation and the mentality of the Ukrainian people, the concept of «cultural nationalism» is inherent to our state, according to which cultural values are an irreplaceable evidence of the culture and uniqueness of the Ukrainian people and have the main spiritual and cultural significance for the state, which should find its expression in domestic legislation. The return of cultural values involves not only the promotion of the import of cultural values originating from Ukraine into the territory of Ukraine, but also the mirror promotion of the export of cultural values originating from other states. Indeed, at the same time, our state is open to the return of cultural values that originate from other states. Attention is drawn to some problematic aspects of the legal regulation of such relations. Yes, Art. 3 of the Law of Ukraine «On the export, import and return of cultural values» defines the list of cultural values of Ukraine, among which it mentions «cultural values moved to the territory of Ukraine as a result of the Second World War as partial compensation for the damage caused by the occupiers». This type of valuables belongs to a special category, since they were moved to the territory of the USSR to perform compensatory restitution for the actions of Nazi Germany and its allies during the Second World War. At the same time, there is a practice according to which such values are returned to the country of origin, which, in a way, is a sign of civilization. At the same time, such a norm raises many questions that must be resolved in the legal field.

Review essay: Between the Material and the Ephemeral

Review essay: Between the Material and the Ephemeral

On a number of issues in the study of management in the field of professional folk choral performance

The article examines the history of the formation of management of musical art in Russia as a discipline and direction of personnel training. The issues of the history of the state cultural policy in relation to folk choral performance, as well as the emergence of an opposite trend in the interpretation and actualization of folk singing art, formed within the framework of the youth folklore movement, are touched upon. Ideas and proposals were expressed regarding the availability of qualified managers in professional folk choir groups.

Dramatic Conflict: Between State and Market in the Cultural Production of Theatre in Rural China

"Dramatic Conflict" explores contemporary changes in the conditions of production of Chinese drama by focusing on the relation between state and market orientations at the core of the creative practice of state drama troupes. The article does so through utilizing the work of Bourdieu on fields of cultural production. The data are derived from fieldwork with state drama troupes on tour in the countryside in Fujian province in 1993 and 1994. Attention is given to the political economy of the organization of state drama troupes and their commercialized conditions of performance for rural communities, and also to the repertoire and ritual aspects of rural performance. The article argues that grounded state power remains central to the practice of dramatic production in China, but operates through market relations inserted into the heart of cultural production by state cultural policy.

State cultural policy as a factor of civil society development in the context of European integration processes

The purpose of the article is to study the trinity and interactions of European integration clusters, state cultural policy, and civil society. The methodology is based on the integrated use of general scientific and special-applied methods, namely: analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization, analogy, and comparison. A special culturological method, ie the method of culturological determination made it possible to consider the influence of cultural factors on the formation of a socio-cultural, civic environment. The use of empirical level methods allowed us to form a holistic picture of the organization of European integration cultural practices in the Rivne region, observing the activities of cultural institutions in the region. The scientific novelty lies in the complexity of the study of the state cultural policy of Ukraine with a focus on its social, economic, mental state and content of modern European integration modes, which activates the process of civil society development. Conclusions. The creation of a single cultural space in Europe is based on the cultural diversity of countries, cultural diplomacy, which ensures communication and finding common ground in establishing cooperation. Sustainable development and gender equality are new priorities in the cultural policy of the European Union. For Ukraine in the context of European integration, it is important to create conditions for harmonization, preservation, actualization of national cultural space despite the fragmentation and dispersion of cultural heritage, as well as the intensification of the national sector of cultural industries, ensuring the competitiveness of national cultural product in the world market. with the involvement of representatives of civil society. These are the basic bases for creating the concept of state cultural policy in Ukraine.

Cultivating the Art of Anxiety: Securitising Culture in China

Deepening globalisation and worldwide availability of free information and ideas raise concerns of the communist China’s political leadership about the stability of the regime and the sustainability of the state ideological orthodoxy. Therefore, the state’s tightening control of the public communication to curtail the domestic criticism and occasional public discontent is becoming framed and legitimised in terms of cultural security as a non-traditional security concern. This study argues that the restrictive impacts of the politicisation of culture in the centralised agenda of President Xi Jinping reinvigorate China’s anti-Western narratives and attitudes. The research focuses on the state’s cultural security-related and applicable strategy in the political and institutional agenda and media. Moreover, the study also traces the state cultural security policy in the field of the civic and non-governmental sector, religious and ethnic minorities policy, literature, film and audiovisual sectors. The findings assess the concern that the intellectually anachronistic, self-restraining and internationally hostile policy devaluates China’s cultural potential and complexity.

Traditional socio-cultural values: possibilities of forsite methodology

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the possibility of applying foresight methodology for the preservation of traditional socio-cultural values as an important element of innovative development. Given the interdisciplinary nature of the problem, the methodology of the study is based on the complex-integrative combination of theoretical approaches of a number of sciences, in particular, cultural studies, public administration, as well as general scientific methods of system analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, and sub. The scientific novelty is connected with an attempt to outline theoretical and practical aspects of the importance of forsite methodology in preserving the traditions from the projection into practical measures of the state in this sphere. Conclusions. The forsite methodology - as a strategy of public administration of forsite on the basis of forward-thinking - is intended to promote the effectiveness of social development. The actual advance is the innovative mechanism that can, on the one hand, ensure the dynamics of development, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, ensure social stability on the basis of previous achievements and resources, which are analyzed and form (simulate) the idea of ​​a new scenario. At the same time, the results of forsite should be reflected in practical recommendations on the definition of promising directions of the state's cultural policy, in particular regarding the introduction of new forms of support for the activities of various components of the socio-cultural sphere.
 Key words: traditional socio-cultural values, transformations, innovations, culture, forsite methodology.