State Board Research Articles

Original Research: TikTok's 'Dancing Nurses' During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Content Analysis.

Amid the challenges of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers are using social media to publish increasing numbers of posts, memes, and videos. On TikTok, a rapidly growing and widely used social networking platform, videos labeled "dancing nurses" have recently been trending. Whether nurses or the general public consider such videos to breach professional ethical standards is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze and describe the use of the social media platform TikTok by nurses whose videos featured dancing nurses during the ongoing pandemic. Between March 1 and December 31, 2020, we conducted a search on TikTok using terms such as dancing nurse and hashtags such as "#dancingnurse." For each identified video, the numbers of followers, views, likes, concurrent COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates, and other data were collected. For videos meeting the inclusion criteria, content analysis was performed to evaluate dancing nurse behaviors and apply the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, ANA social networking principles, and National Council of State Boards of Nursing social media guidelines. A total of 52 videos met all inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. These videos had a mean of 1.51 million views each. Among these videos, there were 356 violations of Code of Ethics provisions, social networking principles, and social media guidelines. Forty of the videos (77%) included a choreographed dance; 24 (46%) contained twerking and three (6%) featured dance moves such as pelvic thrusts and gyrations. The findings offer insight into how nurses are using TikTok, specifically with regard to posting videos that feature dancing nurses. Some of the analyzed videos included content that could be construed, in our view, as inappropriate and even sexually suggestive. The concern is that such videos could damage the professional image of nurses and downplay the seriousness of the current pandemic. It's essential that nurses who use social media consider the content and presentation of what they post. There is an urgent need for nurses to understand professional and workplace guidelines and policies regarding the use of social media, and how these may apply to content developed and posted on platforms such as TikTok.

An exploratory study on the impact of COVID-19 on U.S. State boards of accountancy

In the United States (U.S.) individual state boards of accountancy govern the accounting profession within each state. When COVID-19 struck the U.S., state boards worked to maintain normal operations. This study examines how COVID-19 affected the regulatory and oversight activities of the state boards of accountancy and the ways in which boards adapted to the pandemic. We interview executive directors from 21 state boards to determine the pandemic’s impact on board operations and continuing professional education requirements. We also evaluate whether state boards implemented guidance from parties such as the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA), and the resources boards had available to navigate the pandemic. Finally, we examine our analyses and findings through the lens of institutional theory. In doing so, we describe how state boards’ individual reactions to the pandemic resulted in a largely homogenous response, as affected by coercive, mimetic, and normative isomorphic mechanisms.

Burnout and Resilience in the Community-Based Pharmacist Practitioner.

Objective: The primary objective was to assess presence of community-based pharmacist practitioner burnout and workplace stress through administration of validated tools. Methods: Pharmacists licensed in Ohio received an invitation to participate in the anonymous online assessment via Qualtrics™ using emails available via the State Board of Pharmacy listserv. The survey assessed emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment using a validated tool, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS) was used to assess stressors as they relate to burnout and job stress. This study was approved by The Ohio State University Institutional Review Board. Results: There were 1,425 complete responses. Based on the study sample, 67.2% of community-based pharmacists are experiencing burnout. When asked to self-identify workplace stressors, respondents primarily described the Workload, Control, and Reward dimensions of the AWS. The most commonly reported coping mechanisms were self-care strategies (28.4%), mindfulness (17.6%), and personal time/time off (15.3%). Respondents suggested that organizations address staffing (50.2%) and development of a culture of well-being (17.2%) to promote well-being. Conclusion: This study allowed insight into workplace stressors for community-based pharmacists and strategies organizations can employ to improve their well-being. Future studies are needed to assess the efficacy of these interventions.

Personal Income Tax in Nigerian Fiscal Federalism: Matters Arising

Fiscal federalism is a by-product of federalism. Federalism is a political concept in which power to govern is shared between national and sub-national Governments creating what is often called a federation. Federalism is a political concept in which the power to govern is shared between Federal, States and Local Governments, creating what is often called a federation. Fiscal federalism is characterized by fiscal relations between central and lower levels of Government. The progression in taxation in Nigeria is from personal income tax to taxation on other sources such as petroleum, companies etc. Personal Income Tax Act identifies taxable persons, chargeable incomes, determines assessable income and tax that income. The Act also determines the residence of the tax payer for the purpose of payment and or collection of personal income tax. This paper contains primary and secondary sourced materials, such as laws, statutes, and other resource materials. This paper revealed the aspect of personal income that raises concerns on the ownership of funds collected by State Governments through the State Boards of Internal Revenue under personal income tax regime. Though it is argued by some school of thought that the rules of agency suggest that an agent acting under a delegated authority cannot be heard contesting the subject matter of agency with the principal. However, due to the combined provisions of sections 80(1), 120(1) and 163 of the Constitution which direct that the personal income tax collected by the State Government be paid into the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the State and used for the benefit of the State lay to rest the issue of ownership of the personal income tax collected by the State Government.

P075Implementation of pharmacy access to hormonal contraception

<h3>Objectives</h3> We sought to understand the steps states have taken to promote pharmacist prescribing of hormonal contraception, including implementation challenges and facilitators. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a qualitative study of interviews with 18 key stakeholders from 10 states with pharmacist prescriptive hormonal contraceptive authority. We used relevant constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to develop an interview guide that explored participants' experiences with implementation of pharmacist prescribing of hormonal contraception including facilitators, barriers, and potential approaches to promote implementation. We analyzed data using directed qualitative analysis principles and compared experiences across states. We organized the data using the CFIR framework and explored the facilitators of and barriers to states' implementation efforts. <h3>Results</h3> We interviewed 10 individuals from the state Pharmacist Association or Board of Pharmacy, six community pharmacists, and two individuals from Medicaid offices. Participants identified four key steps to implement pharmacist prescribing at the state level: development of reimbursement and billing mechanisms for pharmacist time, creation of state rules and regulations, development of educational programs for pharmacists, and expansion strategies for pharmacists and pharmacies. Participants identified early involvement of key stakeholders and a culture of support for clinician pharmacists as facilitators to implementation. Challenges included complexity and cost of billing mechanisms, lack of funding for implementation efforts, and competing priorities of stakeholders. <h3>Conclusions</h3> States implementing pharmacist prescribing of hormonal contraception should prioritize strategies to overcome reimbursement and billing challenges early in their efforts to expand contraceptive access.

EVALUATION OF EXTENSION FIELD DAY IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSESIN SOME OF THE IRAQI MIDDLE GOVERNORATES

The research aimed to evaluate the process of extension field day implementation conducted by the State Board of Agricultuml Extension and Cooperation in some of the Iraqi middle governorate , through discovery of the weak points and diagnosing the strength points in each process to reach judgment and giving recommendations which can serve the decision makers .Arandom sample of extension field days from wasit and Babel governorates was chosen . The population of the study consisted of (119) farmers , (10) administrators , (11) subject matter specialists , and (10) extension workers . To collect the data a questionnaire covered (40) items was used . The study concluded a weakness of implementation of some parts of field day . About two- third (66%) of investigated categories (administrators , specialists , extensionists , and farmers) showed that the availability of materials ( improved seeds , fertilizers , herbicide , and machines , etc…) was weak and the profitability of adoption of these technologies was low . There was also unavailability of implementation materials like the full backage that facilitate the use of improved agricultural technologies . This is due to the lack of enough number of extensionists and specialists on the implementation levels of farms and extension units. The results also indicated that the most education tools that used in the field day were theoretical ones rather than practical .It is recommended the importance of availability of materials and equipments such as improved seeds , fettilizers , herbicides , and machines at the appropriate time as well as availability of technical materials like extension packages which are necessary for adoption process of new technologies by subjected farmers

A market sentiment indicator, behaviourally grounded, for the analysis and forecast of volatility and bubbles

PurposeThis work aims at designing an indicator for detecting and forecasting price volatility and speculative bubbles in three markets dealing with agricultural and soft commodities, i.e. Intercontinental Exchange Futures market Europe, (IFEU), Intercontinental Exchange Futures market United States (IFUS) and Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT). This indicator, designed as a demand/supply odds ratio, intends to overcome the subjectivity limits embedded in sentiment indexes as the Bull and Bears ratio by the Bank of America Merrill Lynch.Design/methodology/approachData evidence allows for the parameter estimation of a Jacobi diffusion process that models the demand share and leads the forecast of speculative bubbles and realised volatility. Validation of outcomes is obtained through the dynamic regression with autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) error. Results are discussed in comparison with those from the traditional generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models. The database is retrieved from Thomson Reuters DataStream (nearby futures daily frequency).FindingsThe empirical analysis shows that the indicator succeeds in capturing the trend of the observed volatility in the future at medium and long-time horizons. A comparison of simulations results with those obtained with the traditional GARCH models, usually adopted in forecasting the volatility trend, confirms that the indicator is able to replicate the trend also providing turning points, i.e. additional information completely neglected by the GARCH analysis.Originality/valueThe authors' commodity demand as discrete-time process is capable of replicating the observed trend in a continuous-time framework, as well as turning points. This process is suited for estimating behavioural parameters of the agents, i.e. long-term mean, speed of mean reversion and herding behaviour. These parameters are used in the forecast of speculative bubbles and realised volatility.

Frederick Watts and the Founding of Penn State

Frederick Watts and the Founding of Penn State

Clinical and Research Applications of the Electronic Medical Record in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review of Current Uses and Future Applications.

The electronic medical record (EMR) has revolutionized health care workflow and delivery. It has evolved from a clinical adjunct to a multifaceted tool, with uses relevant to patient care and research. A MEDLINE literature review was conducted to identify data regarding the use of EMR for multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical care and research. Of 282 relevant articles identified, 29 were included. A variety of EMR integrated platforms with features specific to MS have been designed, with options for documenting disease course, disability status, and treatment. Research efforts have focused on early diagnosis identification, relapse prediction, and surrogates for disability status. The available platforms and associated research support the utility of harnessing EMR for MS care. The adoption of a core set of discrete EMR elements should be considered to support future research efforts and the ability to harmonize data across institutions.

Patient and Staff Opinions Regarding Chaperones for Sensitive Examinations

INTRODUCTION: Recommendations for chaperone use during sensitive examinations have been left mostly to individual institutions, despite a paucity of data providing guidance. Few state boards have suggested policies toward chaperones without any uniform regulation. The purpose of this study is to survey medical providers, chaperones, and patients on the attitudes toward chaperone use. METHODS: A survey was administered at a single tertiary military medical center to providers, chaperones, and patients across multiple specialties. RESULTS: A total of 456 surveys were collected. Of the patients, 50.3% are indifferent to a chaperone, 20.5% prefer having a chaperone, and 24.3% do not prefer a chaperone present. Regarding providers, 42.1% always use a chaperone, 52.6% are less likely to use a chaperone if a patient is of the same gender, and 42.1% select a chaperone based on the gender of the patient. Chaperones feel their job is to protect both the provider and patient in 95.2% of respondents. If an incident occurs, 33.9% of chaperones do not know how to report the issue. CONCLUSION: Common practice is to find same-gendered chaperones. This survey shows most patients have no preference regarding chaperones. The survey data call into question the previously held beliefs about the purpose and intent of a chaperone for sensitive examinations. Patients should be given more autonomy regarding observers/chaperones during sensitive examinations. Further demographic subanalysis is on-going to investigate what situations this patient population may prefer a chaperone.

Approach to advanced practice nursing student clinical during COVID-19.

Approach to advanced practice nursing student clinical during COVID-19.

A study on the emotional intelligence and academic achievement among higher secondary students

The key goal of the present study aims to explore the capacity to understand people on a deeper level and scholarly accomplishment of students at the higher optional level. Utilizing irregular testing procedure 321 students, from the higher optional level in various frameworks of training, specifically, state, registration and focal board schools are picked. The Emotional Intelligence Scale (Hydes and others, 2002) has been utilized to evaluate the capacity to appreciate anyone on a profound level and the imprints scored in Science were taken from their half yearly presentation. The information gathered is exposed to measurable examination, specifically, mean, standard deviation, 't'- test, 'F'- proportion, Karl Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Co-effective 'r'. Results show a positive huge connection between's capacity to understand people on a profound level and scholastic accomplishment among the students. Further the students having a place with the focal board schools have a more elevated level of the capacity to understand people on a deeper level contrasted with students in state board yet didn't vary with students in registration board schools at the higher optional level.

Dental health status in Chennai corporation schools – An evaluative and comparative study

Background: Schools in Chennai are run publicly by the government or run privately, some with financial aid from the government in Tamil Nadu, a southern state of India. There are various systems of education – CBSE, Anglo Indian Board, ICSE Board, NIOS Board, Matriculation, Montessori, and State Board. From these, a massive study was conducted among 100,620 corporation school (state-run) students in the district of Chennai to find the prevalence of various dental diseases among them. Aim: To evaluate and compare the prevalence of various dental diseases among the corporation school children from different zones of Chennai city. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out for a period of about 15 months. It involved diagnosis, therapeutics, and referral to the state-run dental hospital for further follow-up. The district of Chennai was divided into ten zones. The school students, zone-wise, were screened, diagnosed and the required treatments were done at the venue or were referred to the higher center for further examination or treatment. The data collected were divided into zone-wise categories on the basis of disease occurrence and treatment/referral done and were tabulated. Results: The result obtained was that an astounding 74.36% of corporation school students were afflicted with some form of dental disease. Conclusion: Various associated factors such as lower socioeconomic status of the parents, educational background of the parents, dental education, and awareness among the school students could play major roles in the status of dental health among the corporation school children.

Hannah Claire Haines, 1891–1974: Not the Average “Militant Female”

Hannah Claire Haines, 1891–1974: Not the Average “Militant Female”

“The Army of Exempts”: Medical Examinations and the Challenges of Mobilization in Civil War Connecticut

“The Army of Exempts”: Medical Examinations and the Challenges of Mobilization in Civil War Connecticut

Nursing Students’ Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Regarding Medicinal Cannabis Care

Nursing Students’ Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Regarding Medicinal Cannabis Care

Consideration of the emergency nurse practitioner as a population within the APRN Consensus Model: A SWOT analysis

After adoption of the 2008 Consensus Model for Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) Regulation, evolution of the nurse practitioner (NP) role and emergency NP (ENP) specialty has outpaced regulatory standards. Lack of uniformity among regulators, health insurance providers, and employers in acknowledging the ENP specialty has created barriers to practice and access to care. This article serves to identify potential outcomes if the ENP specialty was transitioned to a population within the Consensus Model of Regulation. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis methodology was used to assess ENP specialty current state, specifically focusing on the licensure, accreditation, certification, and education model for APRN regulation. The data were collected from peer-reviewed literature, clinical subject-matter experts, and academic and advanced practice executive leaders. Variances in ENP licensure, recognition, and acknowledgment among State Boards of Nursing leave the ENP specialty in a precarious position. For each of the strengths and opportunities that could exist in recognizing the ENP at the population level of the Consensus Model, there are abundant weaknesses and threats. Although full acknowledgment of the ENP specialty is lacking, regulatory implications are highly variable, and employers' understanding of the APRN educational model is limited, our findings reveal that the ENP specialty is an evolving role that deserves regulatory legitimization. Although ideal placement for the ENP within the Consensus Model remains to be determined, challenges and opportunities exist with both specialty and population options.

Nursing Students' Perceptions of Learning With NGN-Style Case Studies.

The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) developed Next Generation NCLEX (NGN) case studies and new test items, based on the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model, to assess nurse graduates' clinical judgment and decision-making ability. This study investigated nursing students' perceptions of learning with NGN-style case studies. A mixed-methods approach collected nursing students' perceptions in a 6-item survey. Overall respondents agreed that the case studies were helpful in learning (n = 45; 90%), applying course concepts (n = 46; 92%), learning clinical judgment (n = 46, 92%), and promoting active learning (n = 43, 86%), and were a useful learning strategy (n = 48, 96%). Themes identified in narrative comments were critical thinking, real-life application, and a learning tool. NGN-style case studies were useful as an active learning strategy to promote clinical judgment and real-life application of course concepts.

Evolving the Assessment of Clinical Judgment: An Individual or Collective Competency?

Nurses make decisions about care individually and as part of a team. Collective competence, the effective team management of patient care situations, is partially dependent on nurses' individual confidence and clinical judgment competence. To describe individual and team-based facilitators and barriers to collective competence in teams of senior baccalaureate-level prelicensure nursing students during a team-based simulation. With a cross-sectional design, the study used a 26-item survey based on the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)-Clinical Judgment Measurement Model (CJMM) (α= .86) to assess individual student confidence and perceptions of clinical judgment competence while observation of team dynamics and task completion assessed collective competence. Closed-loop communication and role assignment were facilitators of collective competence when present and barriers when absent. Additional barriers were lack of student confidence and perceived competence with Layers 3 and 4 of the NCSBN-CJMM. Team-based simulation strategies can be effectively used to assess collective clinical judgment competence.

Nursing students' reflections on vaccine administration during the COVID-19 global pandemic.

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, many nursing schools limited in-person clinical instruction to lower the risk of student exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Some U.S. state boards of nursing authorized virtual learning experiences to attempt to fill this void. The effects of restricting such hands-on training are not fully understood, but we believed it could be detrimental to student development and saw partnering with local COVID-19 vaccination clinic as a promising alternative. Between January and April 2021, second semester pre-licensure nursing students assisted at the clinic and submitted reflections on the experience. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of this educational encounter.MethodsOne hundred seventy-one students submitted reflections on their experience, which were de-identified and uploaded to a HIPAA- and FERPA-compliant cloud storage system using SAFE desktop and coded for thematic analysis.ResultsAnalysis revealed five major themes: community, socializing, perceived confidence, impact, and professional role.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the viability of instruction at a COVID-19 vaccination clinic as an alternative learning experience for nursing students encountering restricted face-to-face clinical training. It suggests that schools can develop other novel clinical experiences to increase students' perceived confidence, provide opportunities to practice skills, and gain insights into nursing practice.