Theory Of Stark Research Articles

Islamization of The Concept of Religiosity in Business People

This research was motivated by increasing attention to the issue of religious religiosity and ethics in business practices, where the application of religious values is essential to maintain business continuity. This study aims to explore the concept of religiosity from an Islamic perspective by looking at secular elements in Glock and Stark's religiosity and Islamizing the concept to offer a new perspective on Islamic business ethics. Using the literature study method, this study explores the concept of religiosity from a Western perspective, represented by Glock and Stark's theory, and the integration of Islamic elements into pre-existing dimensions. The results show that religiosity in the context of Islam does not only include religious aspects but also involves the application of Islamic values in everyday life. This includes faith, worship, morals, experience, and knowledge. Nevertheless, these adaptations still do not fully reflect the overall characteristics of Islam. This research offers new insights into how religiosity can be applied in business practices from an Islamic perspective.

Persepsi Penggiat Filsafat Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN) terhadap Dimensi Religiusitas

<p><span lang="EN-US">The presence of philosophy in society is still widely questioned because it is considered capable of undermining beliefs, leading astray, and even having no benefits. The negative view of society towards philosophy is due to the religious and devout culture of the community. However, the development of education, especially at State Islamic Higher Education Institutions (PTKIN) and the establishment of Aqidah and Islamic Philosophy Department, it has given rise to philosophers within the student community at PTKIN. Moreover, the unique behavior of philosophy enthusiasts often attracts attention within the PTKIN student community, prompting researchers to examine the perceptions of philosophy enthusiasts regarding the dimension of religiosity in the midst of Indonesia's predominantly religious and devout cultural environment. This research employs a qualitative approach using Glock and Stark's theory on the dimensions of religiosity. The results show that the perceptions of philosophy activists at PTKIN regarding religiosity encompass three aspects. First, of aqidah, philosophy activists may become doubtful about their beliefs or, conversely, strengthen their faith, as well as cleanse impure religious doctrines. Second, in terms of worship, the non-performance of religious rituals is not solely caused by philosophy, but there are other factors at play. Third, morality or akhlak, philosophy has a positive impact on the behavior of philosophy activists.</span></p>

Technology-Facilitated Abuse in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative Study of Women Survivors in Taiwan.

We explore the emerging issue of how communications technologies can be used by male perpetrators to facilitate intimate partner violence against their female partners. We analyzed interview narratives from 18 women survivors of intimate partner violence in Taiwan, informed by Stark's theory of coercive control. Our findings indicated that the male perpetrators of intimate partner violence against the survivors utilized communications technologies to further harm, control, and intimidate their victims. We found that the perpetrators harassed, stalked/monitored, and isolated the survivors and distributed defamatory messages about the survivors to other people using telephones, e-mail, social media, the Internet, broadcast media, and recording devices.

The Effect of Religiusity on Financing Customer Compliance at BMT Bisma Kelapa Dua

The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence religiosity has on financing customer compliance at BMT BISMA Kelapa Dua-Tangerang, either partially or simultaneously. The problems that will be discussed in this study are 3 dimensions of religiosity taken from Glock n Stark's theory, namely ideological (belief), ritualistic (practice) and intellectual (knowledge). The three dimensions of religiosity were examined to find the most significant influence on financing customer compliance. Researchers used a population of 117 active financing customers until April 2017. At the same time, the sample was obtained from the provisions of Krejcie’s table, namely 83 customers who will be called respondents, with data collection using a questionnaire. The analytical tool used is multiple linear analysis, where the validity and reliability tests were previously carried out. Based on research results, it can be concluded: 1). There is a simultaneous (joint) influence of ideological (belief), ritualistic (practice), and intellectual (knowledge) on financing customer compliance. 2). Partially, ritualistic (practice) and intellectual (knowledge) are the variables that have the most significant influence on customer financing compliance.

The preeminent sacred symbol: Theorizing image of God outcomes

AbstractImages of God are the most consequential religious beliefs known to social science. Although sociologists have identified a wide and diverse range of outcomes of imagining different versions of God, more work is needed to show how these outcomes fit together within a multistep theoretical framework. To lay groundwork for such a theory, the present paper (a) briefly summarizes major theoretical perspectives on sources and outcomes of images of God, from psychology, social psychology, and sociology; (b) reviews a wide range of studies that identify specific outcomes of different images of God; and (c) recommends a new theoretical direction based on (a) and (b). Although this new direction will need to be developed in substantially greater detail in another context, the starting point for such work, suggested here, is that images of God function as humans' preeminent sacred symbols. This insight helps bridge an unnecessary chasm between Durkheim's theory of ritual and Stark's theory of gods.

How to prove your calculus is decidable: practical applications of second-order algebraic theories and computation

We present a general methodology of proving the decidability of equational theory of programming language concepts in the framework of second-order algebraic theories. We propose a Haskell-based analysis tool SOL, Second-Order Laboratory, which assists the proofs of confluence and strong normalisation of computation rules derived from second-order algebraic theories. To cover various examples in programming language theory, we combine and extend both syntactical and semantical results of second-order computation in a non-trivial manner. We demonstrate how to prove decidability of various algebraic theories in the literature. It includes the equational theories of monad and lambda-calculi, Plotkin and Power's theory of states, and Stark's theory of pi-calculus.

Congruences and rationality of Stark–Heegner points

Let A / Q be a modular abelian variety attached to a weight 2 new modular form of level N = p M , where p is a prime and M is an integer prime to p. When K / Q is an imaginary quadratic extension the Heegner points, that are defined over the ring class fields H / K , can contribute to the growth of the rank of the Selmer groups over H. When K / Q is a real quadratic field the theory of Stark–Heegner points provides a conjectural explanation of the growth of these ranks under suitable sign conditions on the L-function of f / K . The main result of the paper relates the growth of the Selmer groups to the conjectured rationality of the Stark–Heegner points over the expected field of definition.

Phase sensitive coherent control of atomic excitation in the presence of static electric fields: a frame transformation Stark theory approach

Phase sensitive coherent control on atomic Rydberg states and in the presence of a static electric field is theoretically studied using Harmin's frame transformation theory. It is shown that under the presence of the static field, the total excitation rate of an atomic target by a bichromatic laser field (consisting of a fundamental radiation frequency and of its second harmonic) depends on all the elements of the density-of-states matrix dictating the Stark effect. Some of these off-diagonal matrix elements are inaccessible by any other photoexcitation scheme and affect non-trivially the optimum achievable rate modulation contrast. This fact leads to important qualitative and quantitative differences with respect to static-field-free coherent control. The obtained formal expressions for the phase-controlled excitation rate are applied to the lithium target atom. It is demonstrated that the electric field strength can be used as an additional, externally adjustable, control and manipulation parameter. Finally, it is shown that above the saddle point energy, where quasi-discrete and continuum states coexist, the lineshapes of individual Fano-like resonances can be quite efficiently modified by applying this scheme.

Nitrile and thiocyanate IR probes: Quantum chemistry calculation studies and multivariate least-square fitting analysis

Hydration effects on the C[Triple Bond]N stretching mode frequencies of MeCN and MeSCN are investigated by carrying out ab initio calculations for a number of MeCN-water and MeSCN-water complexes with varying number of water molecules. It is found that the CN frequency shift induced by the hydrogen-bonding interactions with water molecules originate from two different ways to form hydrogen bonds with the nitrogen atom of the CN group. Considering the MeCN- and MeSCN-water cluster calculation results as databases, we first examined the validity of vibrational Stark effect relationship between the CN frequency and the electric field component parallel to the CN bond and found no strong correlation between the two. However, taking into account of additional electric field vector components is a simple way to generalize the vibrational Stark theory for the nitrile chromophore. Also, the electrostatic potential calculation method has been proposed and examined in detail. It turned out that the interactions of water molecules with nitrogen atom's lone pair orbital and with nitrile pi orbitals can be well described by the electrostatic potential calculation method. The present computational results will be of use to quantitatively simulate various linear and nonlinear vibrational spectra of nitrile compounds in solutions.

The Social Construction of Prophecy in The Family International

ABSTRACT: Based primarily on interviews with the current co-leaders of The Family International, its World Services administrative staff, and supplemented with observational visits to Family Homes worldwide, this paper addresses the basic question in Rodney Stark's theory of revelations: How do revelations occur? Contrary to both Stark's and Max Weber's theoretical propositions regarding the curtailment of revelation in prophetic religions that become institutionalized after the departure of charismatic founders, current Family leaders have greatly increased their reliance on verbatim revelations through multiple channels to guide and justify the group's controversial beliefs and practices. We contrast the conventional single mode of obtaining occasional revelations (or "prophecies") by Family founder, David Berg, with the novel way in which a constant stream of official, published Family prophecies are now socially constructed. Throughout our description of this process we focus on its consequences for routinization of charisma via greater member participation, democratic decision-making, and internal consensusbuilding. At the same time this process contributes to the maintenance of external, sectarian barriers.

Countering Censorship: Edgar Dale and the Film Appreciation Movement

In 1933 Ohio State University education professor Edgar Dale published How to Appreciate Motion Pictures for use in high school film appreciation classes. Configuring the adolescent as a reformer, Dale's text offered an alternative to the Production Code's stark theory of film reception, which predicated censorship on immature film viewers.

The Global and Local: Explaining Migrant Remittance Flows in the English-Speaking World, 1880–1914

This article uses money order data to examine the determinants of British migrant remittances prior to 1914. Using panel data and cointegration analysis, it provides evidence of four distinct types of remittance behavior, lending support to Lucas and Stark's theory that remittances are driven by an implicit contract between remitter and remittee. The relative strengths of these different forms of remittance varied across the English-speaking world, with the largest differences occurring between migrants residing in America and those in the self-governing dominions. The explanation for these differences is seen to lie in the distinctive nature of British emigration to America.

Two-channel competition of autoionizing Rydberg states in an electric field

We present experimental data on the decay of xenon Stark states converging to the upper spin limit. In an electric field the Rydberg electron has two qualitatively different decay paths. If the electron changes the core state from the upper spin state into the lower spin state, it gains sufficient energy to escape the ionic core and autoionizes. Moreover, if the electronic state is above the saddle point, created by the electric field, it can field ionize. The probability to autoionize is nearly constant around the saddle point whereas the probability to field ionize rapidly increases above the saddle point. With the velocity map imaging technique we monitor both ionization channels as a function of ~increasing! photoexcitation energy. We observe that the field ionization channel dominates the competition and gains yield at the expense of the autoionization channel. The spectra are explained both with full quantum calculations and with a relatively simple description for the overall behavior. These experiments show that the field ionization can be used in general as a clock for total core-dependent decay. Decay of a highly excited electron most often occurs through interaction with the ionic core. The rate of, e.g., rotational and vibrational autoionization, fluorescence and predissociation is proportional to the frequency with which an electron returns to the vicinity of the ionic core. Through- out the Rydberg series the ratio between these decay chan- nels remains constant. In this respect field ionization is a special decay channel. A static electric field distorts the Cou- lomb potential by raising the potential in the direction of the field and lowering it on the other side. The maximum on the down-potential side is called the saddle point. An electron that is excited above the saddle point is energetically allowed to escape from the ionic core. The rate for electron emission depends strongly on the opening angle at which the electron can escape. This opening angle rapidly increases above the saddle point making the field ionization change from zero to the dominant pathway of decay in a small energy range. How rapidly the field ionization dominates depends on the com- petition with the core-dependent decay. This competition is reflected in the overall behavior of the ionization spectra, allowing one to retrieve the rate of one channel with the spectrum of the other. In a recent paper we investigated the field ionization yield above the saddle point energy of nitric oxide in a strong electric field @1#. A competition between the field ionization and predissociation of the NO molecule is observed. The field ionization yield just above the saddle point was strongly reduced by the other decay channel and the ionization thresh- old appeared to have shifted to higher energy. Computing the field ionization spectrum yielded the rate of predissociation. In that experiment only the field ionization channel was monitored. To investigate a two-channel competition prop- erly, however, one wants to monitor the two channels simul- taneously. An ideal system of investigation is the autoioniz- ation from the Rydberg states converging to the upper spin state of a noble gas in a strong electric field. The field ion- ized electrons have nearly zero kinetic energy whereas the electrons that autoionize by changing the core spin-orbit state, carry a kinetic energy of 1-2 eV, which makes the two ionization channels separable. The two channels are distin- guished by velocity map imaging. The detected spectra, as presented in Sec. III, are simulated by full quantum calcula- tions based on multichannel Stark theory @1-3#. Moreover, we show that the overall behavior of the spectra can already be simulated by relative simple rate equations. In Sec. IV we derive these equations and compare with the experimental observations.

The OPAL opacity Code

The OPAL opacity effort was undertaken in 1985 in response to speculation that the existing opacity data were not of sufficient accuracy to model observed stellar properties. We have taken the view that a completely new code with improved equation of state, atomic physics and line broadening was required. It was apparent that the most computationally intensive part of the calculations would be to obtain the vast amount of atomic data needed for the bound-bound and bound-free absorption cross-sections. To meet this challenge we developed a parametric potential method, that was fast enough to allow on-line calculations, while achieving accuracy comparable to that of the single-configuration Dirac-Fock method. This on-line capability was also chosen to allow flexibility to study the effect of various coupling and data averaging methods. It also makes it easy to study the effect of adding more elements.The OPAL equation of state is based on the many-body statistical mechanics of partially ionized plasmas in the grand canonical ensemble. This is the so-called “physical picture” method. In this approach one works directly with the electrons and nuclei present in the plasma. The effect of the plasma environment on the internal states is obtained directly from the statistical mechanical analysis. A convergent partition function is a natural consequence of this approach.OPAL includes degeneracy and plasma collective effects in the free-free absorption using a screened form of the parametric potentials. Similar corrections to the Thomson scattering are obtained from the method of Boercker (1987). The spectral line broadening for one, two and three electrons ions are obtained from a suite of codes provided by R.W. Lee (1988) that include linear Stark theory. For all other transitions we use Voigt profiles where the Gaussian width is due to Doppler broadening and the Lorentz width is due to the natural width plus fits to the electron impact collision width (Dimitrievic and Konjevic 1980).

Excitonic Electroabsorption in Solid Solution of CdxZn1-xS Single Crystals

Excitonic electroabsorption (EA) of CdxZn1-xS (x=1.0, 0.8, 0.7 and 0.0) solid solution single crystals was investigated at 150 and 77 K. The EA spectra have been analysed within the context of the Stark theory that enables the lowest bound exciton states in the solid solution at each composition to be located precisely. This allows the determination of the reduced effective mass of the exciton which is found to vary linearly with the optical band gap as predicted theoretically.

Spatial distributions of x-ray lasing spectral linewidth and electron density in a lithiumlike silicon plasma

The spatial distribution of the spectral linewidth of lithiumlike silicon ions in the 5f-3d transition line at 88.84 Å is presented in this letter, and it shows that Stark broadening is the dominant line-broadening mechanism for lithiumlike Si11+ ions on recombination x-ray lasers. Spatial distribution of the electron density of the x-ray lasing gain medium is calculated using the linear Stark theory, which shows that the electron density is ∼1019/cm3 in the gain region. A large linewidth at the gain peak (i.e., at 450 μm from the target surface) is 0.21 Å and the corresponding electron density and population inversion are 2.9×1019/cm3 and 5.5×1016/cm3, respectively.

Median cleft of upper lip: Report of two cases

Two cases of rare true median cleft of upper lip are reported. The first case was a 4-year-old girl with median cleft of upper lip and median cleft of alveolus and palate. This type of median cleft was found only in 3 cases in our literature review in Japan.The second case was a 6-year-old boy with median cleft of upper lip and club-shaped skin masses in the left nostril and median alveolus, which was similar to those reported by Sharma (1978) and Nakamura, et al. (1985). Both skin masses were pathologically hamartomas. We examined histologically the upper lip removed at cheiloplasty and found that the specimen showed hypogenesis of the skin accessories and hypogenesis and derangement of the muscle tissue (orbicularis oris). It was considered that our findings support the mesodermal penetration theory of Stark, et al.

Lifetime measurements of interference-narrowed sodium Stark resonances.

We report measurements of the temporal decay of sodium Stark resonances over regions of interference narrowing and compare with calculations using Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin quantum-defect (WKB-QD) Stark theory. The measurements are performed with a beam of sodium atoms in a uniform electric field of \ensuremath{\sim}3.2 kV/cm excited via the 3 $^{2}P$ state to \ensuremath{\sim}285 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ (${n}^{\mathrm{*}}$\ensuremath{\sim}20) below the zero-field ionization threshold, and hence substantially above the classical saddle-point energy. For mixed states at level crossings, the discrete-continuum couplings interfere, yielding resonances that are stabilized against ionization over a small interval of the field. Measurements of the maximum lifetimes of \ensuremath{\Vert}m\ensuremath{\Vert}=1 levels here are not limited by laser bandwidth, as were our previous spectral observations of m=0 resonances. For three narrowing regions studied here, the observed maximum lifetime values of 127\char21{}191 nsec are 10\char21{}20 % less than values obtained from WKB-QD calculations, while experimental error limits are \ensuremath{\sim}5%. After considering estimates for competing processes, namely radiative decay and transfer by blackbody radiation, a slight discrepancy remains.

Interference narrowing at crossings of sodium Stark resonances.

We have observed a striking line narrowing in the photoionization spectrum of sodium atoms in an electric field. At crossings of two relatively broad resonances, one of them is narrowed by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude as a result of interference between the discrete and continuum coupling amplitudes that mediate their ionization. The observations agree quantitatively with WKB quantum-defect Stark theory and also with a simpler model involving two discrete states and two continua.

Radio-frequency Stark tuning of optically pumped far-infrared lasers

We have directly monitored the rf Stark-field-induced splitting of the gain profile of the 1222-microm (13)CH(3)F optically pumped far-infrared (OPFIR) laser transition. The resulting data are found to be in good agreement with ac Stark theory. Comparison with dc Stark tuning techniques shows that the rf Stark effect possesses a number of attractive attributes for frequency tuning cw OPFIR lasers, including significant increase in the turing range and straightforward implementation.