Starch Granule Size Research Articles

Biochemical and Morphological Changes Triggered by Nitrogen Stress in the Oleaginous Microalga Chlorella vulgaris.

Oleaginous microalgae have been considered promising sources of biodiesel due to their high lipid content. Nitrogen limitation/starvation is one of the most prominent strategies to induce lipid accumulation in microalgae. Nonetheless, despite numerous studies, the mechanism underlying this approach is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen limitation and starvation on biochemical and morphological changes in the microalga Chlorella vulgaris FACHB-1068, thereby obtaining the optimal nitrogen stress strategy for maximizing the lipid productivity of microalgal biomass. The results showed that nitrogen limitation (nitrate concentration < 21.66 mg/L) and starvation enhanced the lipid content but generally decreased the biomass productivity, pigment concentration, and protein content in algal cells. Comparatively, 3-day nitrogen starvation was found to be a more suitable strategy to produce lipid-rich biomass. It resulted in an increased biomass production and satisfactory lipid content of 266 mg/L and 31.33%, respectively. Besides, nitrogen starvation caused significant changes in cell morphology, with an increase in numbers and total size of lipid droplets and starch granules. Under nitrogen starvation, saturated fatty acids (C-16:0, C-20:0, and C-18:0) accounted for the majority of the total fatty acids (~80%), making C. vulgaris FACHB-1068 a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Our work may contribute to a better understanding of the biochemical and morphological changes in microalgae under nitrogen stress. Besides, our work may provide valuable information on increasing the lipid productivity of oleaginous microalgae by regulating nitrogen supply.

Application of Exogenous 6‐benzyladenine at the Silking‐Stage Improves the Starch Quality of Waxy Maize Suffering from Post‐Silking Drought Stress

AbstractThe application of exogenous 6‐benzyladenine (6‐BA) can mitigate plant responses to drought stress. The effects of spraying exogenous 6‐BA at the silking‐stage on the waxy maize starch physicochemical properties under post‐silking well‐watered and drought conditions are studied using Jingkenuo2000 (JKN2000) and Yunuo7 (YN7) as materials. The starch granule size in response to drought is enlarged in JKN2000 but reduced in YN7. However, 6‐BA application enlarges the starch granule size of both hybrids under drought conditions. Under both water conditions, 6‐BA application increases the proportion of high‒molecular weight amylopectin branch chains in both hybrids. The amylopectin chain‐length and relative crystallinity in response to 6‐BA application are dependent on hybrid and water condition. The pasting viscosities of both hybrids are improved by 6‐BA application under well‐watered conditions. However, the peak viscosity under drought is improved in JKN2000 and unaffected in YN7 by 6‐BA application. Under drought, 6‐BA application does notaffect the gelatinization characteristics but decreases the retrogradation enthalpy and percentage of both hybrids. In conclusion, exogenous 6‐BA application at the silking‐stage can improve the pasting viscosities under well‐watered conditions and reduce the retrogradation percentage under drought conditions, thereby alleviating the negative influence of post‐silking drought in waxy maize production.

Characterization of wheat lacking B-type starch granules

The physicochemical and agronomic properties of a new form of bread wheat lacking B-type starch granules (BlessT) were assessed. Three BlessT mutant lines made by combining homoeologous deletions of BGC1, a gene responsible for the control of B-granule content, were compared with two sibling lines with normal starch phenotype and the parent line, cv. Paragon. Quantification of starch granule size and number in developing grain confirmed the lack of small, B-type starch granules throughout development in BlessT. Most starch, flour, grain and loaf characteristics did not vary between BlessT and the wild type sibling controls. However, BlessT starches had higher water absorption, reduced grain hardness and higher protein content, and dough made from BlessT flour required more water and had increased elasticity. Despite the lack of B-granules, BlessT lines do not display a significant decrease in total starch content suggesting that it should be possible to produce commercial wheat varieties that lack B-type starch granules without compromising yield. These findings support the potential utility of this novel type of wheat as a specialist crop in applications ranging from bread making and alcohol production to improved industrial starch products.

Starch granule size in grains of hybrid rice with low chalkiness occurrence

Summary The occurrence of chalkiness has decreased in new hybrid rice cultivars in China. As both chalkiness occurrence and starch granule size are associated with the biosynthesis of starch, we hypothesized that there may be a correlation between chalkiness occurrence and starch granule size, and this may partially explain the decreased chalkiness occurrence in the new hybrid rice cultivars. To test this hypothesis, a field experiment was conducted over eight environments (two years × four sowing dates) with two hybrid rice cultivars: one recently developed with low chalkiness occurrence, Jingliangyou 1468 (JLY1468) and a relatively older cultivar with high chalkiness occurrence, Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ). Results showed that JLY1468 had a higher cumulative distribution of large-diameter (7.51–19.50 μm) starch granules and a lower grain weight of milled rice compared to LYPJ. As a consequence, mean and relative starch granule diameters were 6% and 21% higher in JLY1468 than in LYPJ, respectively. Although both the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree were negatively correlated with mean and relative starch granule diameter, they were more closely correlated with the relative granule diameter. These results support our hypothesis regarding the relationship between chalkiness occurrence and starch granule size and suggest that the relative starch granule diameter is a relevant parameter in understanding the occurrence of chalkiness in hybrid rice.

Colour, composition, digestibility, functionality and pasting properties of diverse kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) flours

The present work evaluated nine diverse kidney bean accessions for colour, composition, digestibility, protein profile, starch crystallinity, techno-functional properties, pasting properties and microstructure with the objective of identifying key attributes affecting their digestibility and functionality. The accessions exhibited dry matter digestibility, resistant starch (RS) content, water absorption capacity, fat absorption capacity, emulsifying activity index (EAI), foaming capacity (FC) and foam stability (FS) of 14.6–47.2%, 32.0–50.5%, 1.7–2.7 g/g, 1.4–1.7 g/g, 50.1–70.1 m2/g, 70.8–98.3% and 82.4–91.3%, respectively. Starch-lipid complexes (SLC), proteins and non-starch carbohydrates contributed to lower starch and dry matter-digestibility. Principal component analysis revealed positive relation of emulsification, foaming and water absorption capacity with proteins, starch, RS and ash-content while negative with crystallinity and amount of lipids, non-starch carbohydrates and digestible starch. Hydration ability of proteins promoted foaming whereas flour with lower vicilins level was less surface active and exhibited the lowest EAI, FC and FS. Pasting temperature related positively with SLC, while average starch granule size was in strong positive relationship with RS content, peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity. The results could be useful for enhanced utilization of kidney beans in different foods.

Starch synthesis and gelatinization properties of potato tubers

ABSTRACT: Biosynthesis is the only source of potato starch which is an important raw material for food processing, modified starch and biomass energy. However, it is not clear about the evolution of starch synthesis with tuber development in potato. The present study evaluated the differences of starch synthesis and gelatinization properties of potato tubers with different starch content. Relative to cultivars of medium and low starch content, cultivars of high starch content showed significantly higher SBEII gene expression, AGPase and SSS enzyme activity, and total starch content after middle stage of starch accumulation, and had smaller average starch granule size during whole process of tuber development, and had higher pasting temperature before late stages of tuber growth, and had lower pasting temperature after middle stage of starch accumulation. Path analysis showed that, after middle stage of starch accumulation, effects on starch gelatinization of cultivars with high, medium and low starch content represented starch synthesis enzyme activity &gt; starch accumulation &gt; starch granule distribution &gt; starch synthesis enzyme gene expression, starch synthesis enzyme gene expression &gt; starch synthesis enzyme activity &gt; starch accumulation &gt; starch granule distribution, starch synthesis enzyme gene expression &gt; starch granule distribution &gt; starch synthesis enzyme activity &gt; starch accumulation, respectively. In the study, phases existed in the starch biosynthesis of potato tuber, and the starch quality and its formation process were different among varieties with different starch content. The findings might contribute to starch application and potato industries.

Statistical approach of Ca2+ effect on the amylases production by Saccharomyces diastaticus ATCC 13007 using corn and cassava starch as inducers

Amylase production from starch sources is associated with the nature of this carbon source, particle size and crystalline architecture of natural starch granules. The aim of this work was to evaluated the amylase production by Saccharomyces diastaticus ATCC 13007, using different CaCO3 concentration and corn starch (Zea mays) and cassava starch (Manihot esculenta) as inducers. A 22 Central Composite Rotatable Design with three replications at the center point was used to determine the influence of calcium and starch concentrations on the production process. Besides, the partial characterization of the crude enzymatic extracts obtained was investigated. Ca2+ influenced the α-amylase production by both evaluated carbon sources. The production of glucoamylase was not influenced by the variables under study. Partial characterization of crude extracts indicated that, for corn substrate, the enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 5.0, and no influence of temperature was observed. Regarding cassava starch, the results showed that conditions at central point (pH 6.5 and 50ºC) should be avoided in order to maximize enzyme activity.

Optimization and Analysis of Corn Resistant Starch Prepared by Cross-linking Method and Its Physical and Chemical Properties

In this paper, corn starch was used as raw material to prepare resistant starch by cross-linking method. The preparation process parameters of corn resistant starch were optimized through single factor experiment and center combination. The physicochemical properties of the prepared crosslinked starch were compared with esterified starch and original starch. It compared the properties of transparency, solubility, degree of swelling and freeze-thaw stability. The optimal modification reaction conditions obtained by the cross-linking method were as follows: The reaction time was 3.5 h, the cross-linking agent concentration was 11.5%, the substrate concentration was 0.71 g/mL, and the reaction temperature was 60 ℃. The model and the experiment fitted well. The prepared resistant starch content was 60.76%. It was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy that the cross-linking reaction occurred, the solubility of the cross-linked resistant starch increased, and the swelling degree and freeze-thaw stability decreased. Finally, observed by scanning electron microscope, this study found that the shape and size of starch granules are not significantly different from original starch. The study provides a reference for the industrial production of corn resistant starch.

Impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 on aleurone cells and starch granule morphology in domesticated and wild rices

Wild rice species represent valuable germplasm for breeding of elite genotypes with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, differences in endosperm morphology between wild and cultivated rice, and how these are affected by enhanced levels of atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) predicted for later this century, are largely unknown. Accessions of native rice species from northern Australia, Oryza australiensis and O. meridionalis, and a local cultivar, O. sativa cv. Doongara, were grown to maturity in glasshouses at ambient (aCO2, 400 ppm) and eCO2 (700 ppm). Endosperm morphology was studied from transverse sections of mature grains using scanning electron microscopy. Aleurone cell length and width were higher in eCO2 than in aCO2 in the O. meridionalis accession Howard Springs, but lower in Doongara. The average starch granule size in Doongara was greater than in the wild genotypes in both CO2 treatments. The area and length of the starch granule images were larger in eCO2 than in aCO2 in the O. meridionalis accession Cape York but smaller in Doongara. Responses of rice endosperm morphology to eCO2 were dependent on genotype. We conclude that endosperm morphology responds differentially to eCO2, both between and within rice species. Contrasts in these responses can be exploited by breeders.

Differences in Eating Quality Attributes between Japonica Rice from the Northeast Region and Semiglutinous Japonica Rice from the Yangtze River Delta of China.

Differences in cooked rice and starch and protein physicochemical properties of three japonica rice were compared systematically. Cultivars of japonica rice, Daohuaxiang2, from Northeast China (NR) and two semiglutinous japonica rice (SGJR), Nangeng46 and Nangeng2728, from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) were investigated. Both Daohuaxiang2 and Nangeng46 achieved high taste values, but there were great differences in starch and protein physicochemical properties. Daohuaxiang2 showed higher apparent amylose content (AAC), lower protein content (PC), and longer amylopectin (especially fb2 and fb3) and amylose chain lengths, resulting in thicker starch lamellae and larger starch granule size. Its cooked rice absorbed more water and expanded to larger sizes. All of these differences created a more compact gel network and harder but more elastic cooked rice for Daohuaxiang2. Nangeng46 produced a lower AAC, a higher PC, shorter amylopectin and amylose chain lengths, thinner starch lamellae, and smaller starch granule sizes, creating a looser gel network and softer cooked rice. The two SGJR, Nangeng46 and Nangeng2728, had similar low AACs but great differences in taste values. The better-tasting Nangeng46 had a lower PC (especially glutelin content) and higher proportion of amylopectin fa chains, which likely reduced the hardness, improved the appearance, and increased the adhesiveness of its cooked rice. Overall, both types of japonica rice from the NR and YRD could potentially have good eating qualities where Nangeng46’s cooked rice was comparable to that of Daohuaxiang2 because of its lower AC. Moreover, its lower PC and higher proportion of amylopectin fa chains likely improved its eating quality over the inferior-tasting SGJR, Nangeng2728. This research lays a foundation for the improvement of the taste of japonica rice in rice breeding.

Yield, Grain Quality, and Starch Physicochemical Properties of 2 Elite Thai Rice Cultivars Grown under Varying Production Systems and Soil Characteristics.

Rice production systems and soil characteristics play a crucial role in determining its yield and grain quality. Two elite Thai rice cultivars, namely, KDML105 and RD6, were cultivated in two production systems with distinct soil characteristics, including net-house pot production and open-field production. Under open-field system, KDML105 and RD6 had greater panicle number, total grain weight, 100-grain weight, grain size, and dimension than those grown in the net-house. The amounts of reducing sugar and long amylopectin branch chains (DP 25–36) of the RD6 grains along with the amounts of long branch chains (DP 25–36 and DP ≥ 37), C-type starch granules, and average chain length of the KDML105 were substantially enhanced by the open-field cultivation. Contrastingly, the relative crystallinity of RD6 starch and the amounts of short branch chains (DP 6–12 and DP 13–24), B- and A-type granules, and median granule size of KDML105 starch were significantly suppressed. Consequently, the open-field-grown RD6 starch displayed significant changes in its gelatinization and retrogradation properties, whereas, certain retrogradation parameters and peak viscosity (PV) of KDML105 starches were differentially affected by the distinct cultivating conditions. This study demonstrated the influences of production systems and soil characteristics on the physicochemical properties of rice starches.

Insights into the correlations between the size of starch at nano- to microscale and its functional properties based on asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation

In this study, the starches were isolated from three botanical sources (i.e., rice, sweet potato, and lotus seed). The size distributions of starch granules and molecules were determined by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4), and compared with those measured from optical microscopy (OM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Furthermore, the starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). AF4 coupled online with UV–visible, multiangle light scattering (MALS), and differential refractive index (dRI) detectors (AF4-UV-MALS-dRI) was employed for the investigation of the digestion and retrogradation properties of starches. Meanwhile, the relationships between the size of starch at nano- to microscale and its functional properties (i.e., digestibility, retrogradation, and thermal properties) were studied by Pearson correlation analysis. AF4-UV-MALS-dRI was proved to be a rapid and gentle method for the separation and size characterization of starches at both micro- and nano-molecule levels. Moreover, it was demonstrated that AF4-UV-MALS-dRI is a useful tool for the monitoring of the digestion and retrogradation properties of starches. The results suggested that the sizes of starch granules and molecules were to some extent correlated with their thermal properties and digestibility, but not with retrogradation property.

Physical and physiological traits of tubers and their starch-granule sizes of local potato cultivars in Bangladesh

Physical and physiological traits of tubers and their starch-granule sizes of local potato cultivars in Bangladesh

Starch Granule Size and Morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana Starch-Related Mutants Analyzed during Diurnal Rhythm and Development.

Transitory starch plays a central role in the life cycle of plants. Many aspects of this important metabolism remain unknown; however, starch granules provide insight into this persistent metabolic process. Therefore, monitoring alterations in starch granules with high temporal resolution provides one significant avenue to improve understanding. Here, a previously established method that combines LCSM and safranin-O staining for in vivo imaging of transitory starch granules in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana was employed to demonstrate, for the first time, the alterations in starch granule size and morphology that occur both throughout the day and during leaf aging. Several starch-related mutants were included, which revealed differences among the generated granules. In ptst2 and sex1-8, the starch granules in old leaves were much larger than those in young leaves; however, the typical flattened discoid morphology was maintained. In ss4 and dpe2/phs1/ss4, the morphology of starch granules in young leaves was altered, with a more rounded shape observed. With leaf development, the starch granules became spherical exclusively in dpe2/phs1/ss4. Thus, the presented data provide new insights to contribute to the understanding of starch granule morphogenesis.

Variability in starch granular morphology of Tinospora cordifolia: an important species of Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM).

Tinospora cordifolia is an important medicinal plant species known for therapeutic action of starch along with other medicinal ingredients. The starch prepared from the aqueous extract of fresh stems is used in the Indian Systems of Medicines. The plant extract prepared from T. cordifolia is a promising source for the treatment of COVID-19. This investigation explores for the first time, the morphological details of the starch granules and its accumulation pattern along with its variability among the germplasm of T. cordifolia collected from different parts of India. Starch content was 39.80% on dry weight basis and moisture content was about 28.21%. Starch granule recovery based on stem dry weight and starch content ranged from 14.70 to 20.28% and 52.02 to 71.76%, respectively in different starch settling methods. Starch accumulation pattern in the stem was also studied in the species. Even though wide variability in starch granule shapes was observed among the germplasm, majority of the genotypes had starch granules of round or oval shape. Similarly, starch granule size also varied greatly (38.32–88.03 µm) within and among the genotypes. Significantly small sized starch granules (p = 0.05) were present in the genotype, IC 283650 and biggest (p = 0.05) starch granules were present in the genotype, IC 310610. The information generated in the present study will have application in starch industry for the inclusion of T. cordifolia as an alternative source of starch in addition to its use in Traditional Systems of Medicine.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42535-021-00286-y.

Fabrication and Characterization of Dodecenyl Succinic Anhydride Modified Kudzu Starch

AbstractThe dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) modified kudzu starch is fabricated and characterized in this study. After modification, granule size of kudzu starch exhibits bigger than that of native kudzu starch. The viscosity of DDSA‐modified kudzu starch is increased in comparison with the native one. However, there is no detectable surface change of kudzu starch granules before and after modification. To elucidate the esterification between starch molecules and DDSA groups or octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) groups, the characteristic peaks of DDSA‐modified or OSA‐modified kudzu starch are determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms reveal that the gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy of modified kudzu starch are lower than that of the native counterpart. Stable O/W emulsions are obtained after storage at room temperature for 30 days, as the concentration of modified kudzu starch is above 2% (w/w) according to the results of oil droplet size and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. This study demonstrates that DDSA modification can improve properties of kudzu starch and then potentially broaden its applications.

Essential oils as multifunctional additives in biodegradable linear low density polyethylene/starch blends

PurposeThis study aims to develop a biodegradable linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/starch blends with improved mechanical and flow characteristics and evaluate the probability of using essential oils such as Moringa oleifira and castor oils as green plasticizers and compatibilizers to avoid using harmful chemicals.Design/methodology/approachCorn starch was blended with LLDPE through the melt blending technique. The corn starch content was varied from 5 to 40 phr in LLDPE. To enhance poor mechanical characteristic of the LLDPE/starch, essential oils such as M. oleifira and castor oils were incorporated into the composites with different concentrations starting from 1 to 7 phr. The essential oils’ effect on mechanical, flow character, thermal stability and electrical properties of the LLDPE/starch was also investigated. The morphology of LLDPE/starch containing essential oils was also investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM).FindingsThe results revealed that increasing the corn starch content had an adverse effect on mechanical and flow characteristics of the composites, whereas incorporation of essential oils had increased the flow and mechanical characteristics of the composites. Also, dielectric measurements revealed that permittivity and dielectric loss increased by increasing oil content. Moreover, the values of the blends containing castor oil are higher compared to that containing M. oleifira. The SEM micrographs illustrated that the presence of essential oils in LLDPE/starch enhanced the distribution and the homogeneity of the composites, and the particle size of starch granules became smaller in LLDPE matrix.Originality/valueThis study aims to introduce green plasticizer and compatibilizer to avoid using harmful chemicals in packaging industry.

Influence of physical and chemical modifications on granule size frequency distribution, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and adsorption isotherms of starch from four yam (Dioscorea spp.) cultivars.

In this work, the effect of the modifications (annealing, acid hydrolysis and citric acid substitution) on starch granule size frequency distribution, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, and adsorption isotherm of starches of four yam cultivars were studied. The native and modified white yam, water yam, and yellow yam starches had a normal distribution frequency profile for the granule sizes, which were similar among the cultivars. In contrast, the native and modified bitter yam starch granules were not normally distributed. The modifications resulted in a left shift in normal distribution frequency profiles for the granules sizes of the white, water and yellow yam starches due to broadening of the range of granule sizes. The FTIR spectra revealed that additional bands at 1726.95-1729.49cm-1 were introduced due to citric acid modification of the yam starches. The modifications also caused weakening of the FTIR band representing -CH2 and -OH stretching at 2927.85-2932.94cm-1 and 3259.42-3437.33cm-1, respectively. The native, annealed and acid hydrolyzed yam starches all had similar adsorption isotherms at 28°C. On the other hand, the citric acid-substituted yam starches showed a different adsorption isotherm, because they had significantly higher equilibrium moisture content at water activity (a w ) above 0.9. All the adsorption isotherms were type III, J-shaped isotherms. The adsorption isotherms data of the yam starches fitted best to the Guggenheim-Anderson-De Boer (GAB) model. The GAB model monomolecular moisture content ranged between 0.0165 and 0.0597g/g db. Native and modified yam starches' granules size were normally distributed except bitter yam starchFTIR revealed additional bands and molecular rearrangements were introduced due to modificationsAdsorption isotherms revealed type III, GAB-model isotherms with low monomolecular moisture. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05200-7.

Comparative analysis of the chemical composition and size of starch granules in grain between diploid and tetraploid sweetcorn cultivars

Background. Improving the taste and nutritional value of sweetcorn using genetic selection techniques is an important trend. The tetraploid sugary maize cultivar ‘Baksanskaya sakharnaya’ (k-23426) has a number of advantages in terms of taste and marketability over traditional diploid varieties.The purpose of the research was to identify the distinctive biochemical characteristics that affect the taste of this cultivar in comparison with the diploid reference (cv. ‘Rannyaya Lakomka’, с-1775).Materials and methods. The differences in phenotypic traits between diploid (2n) and tetraploid (4n) maize plants were assessed. Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the difference in the biochemical composition of kernels in terms of protein, starch and oil content. Accumulation of metabolites in a dry kernel was studied using gas–liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry.Results. Comparison of the phenotypic traits in 2n and 4n sweetcorn plants showed that 4n had a better ear structure, protein and oil content. Analysis of metabolites showed that quantitative indicators of chemical components changed in kernels of the 4n sweetcorn without changing the qualitative composition. The chemical composition of the metabolites in 4n sweetcorn grain was characterized by an increase in the synthesis of most organic acids and protein amino acids, phosphoric acid, fatty acids, some monosaccharides, phenolic compounds, and phytosterols. A decrease in the content of most polyhydric alcohols, disaccharides, trisaccharides, some monosaccharides, and phenolic compounds was observed. An inhibitory effect of a su2 gene dose on the size of starch granules was found. Conclusion. The studies showed the advantage of the 4n sweetcorn over the 2n one due to its improved ear structure and biochemical composition, which positively affected the taste qualities.

Impact of extraction methods and genotypes on the properties of starch from peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) fruits

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of starch extraction method of different genotypes of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) fruits. Microcarpa, mesocarpa and macrocarpa peach palm fruits contain 77.29, 81.51 and 80.62 g 100 g−1 (dry basis) of starch. Starches extracted by aqueous and alkaline processes presented total starch content above 85%. There is a significant difference between genotypes and extraction process, with starch yield: macrocarpa > mesocarpa > microcarpa for both processes, with alkaline extraction significantly superior. Starch from microcarpa showed the highest resistant starch content. Regardless of genotypes and extraction process, all starches have low amylose content (≤3.99 g 100 g−1), thus classified as waxy starch. The granule size of peach palm starch was around 2–10 μm. Different genotypes of peach palm fruit, starch aqueous and alkaline extraction process, can have a significant effect on decision about peach palm fruit as starch raw material with properties for pharmaceutical, chemical and food applications. Although alkaline extraction has resulted in higher yields, for environmental and chemical properties for food industry, aqueous extraction may be viable, always considering that macrocarpa has stood out as the largest source of starch.