Abstract
Rice production systems and soil characteristics play a crucial role in determining its yield and grain quality. Two elite Thai rice cultivars, namely, KDML105 and RD6, were cultivated in two production systems with distinct soil characteristics, including net-house pot production and open-field production. Under open-field system, KDML105 and RD6 had greater panicle number, total grain weight, 100-grain weight, grain size, and dimension than those grown in the net-house. The amounts of reducing sugar and long amylopectin branch chains (DP 25–36) of the RD6 grains along with the amounts of long branch chains (DP 25–36 and DP ≥ 37), C-type starch granules, and average chain length of the KDML105 were substantially enhanced by the open-field cultivation. Contrastingly, the relative crystallinity of RD6 starch and the amounts of short branch chains (DP 6–12 and DP 13–24), B- and A-type granules, and median granule size of KDML105 starch were significantly suppressed. Consequently, the open-field-grown RD6 starch displayed significant changes in its gelatinization and retrogradation properties, whereas, certain retrogradation parameters and peak viscosity (PV) of KDML105 starches were differentially affected by the distinct cultivating conditions. This study demonstrated the influences of production systems and soil characteristics on the physicochemical properties of rice starches.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most essential staple crops globally [1]
To evaluate the effect of production systems and soil characteristics on physical characteristics of RD6 and KDML105 grains, mature rice caryopses were harvested from the net-house pot and open-field production systems
The rice productivity and grain morphology of the two rice cultivars are presented in Tables 2 and 3, respectively
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most essential staple crops globally [1]. It is among the most popular cultivated crops in almost every landmass around the world [2,3].World rice production is currently more than 504.17 million tons between 2020 and 2021 [4], and it provides over 20% of caloric intake per day for more than 3.5 billion of the world population [5]. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most essential staple crops globally [1] It is among the most popular cultivated crops in almost every landmass around the world [2,3]. 25.31 million tons and 7.50 million tons of milled rice were produced and exported in 2020, respectively [7] This renders Thailand the world’s second-biggest exporter of rice, providing the country with approximately 7.44 billion US dollars [7]. The diversity in grain functionality of Thai commercial rice cultivars, which are consumed as cooked rice but are used as an ingredient for starch-rich food and other biomaterial industries (e.g., noodle, confectionery, bakery, beverage, pharmaceutical and supplement, cosmetics, and animal feed), plays an important role in determining its market values [8,9,10]. The Thai commercial rice cultivars that are mostly exported to foreign markets, are the high quality, long-grain, aromatic Jasmine rice (i.e., Khao Dowk Mali 105 (KDML105) and Kor Kho 15
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