Standardized Training Of Resident Doctors Research Articles

A survey on the willingness of outpatients to participate in fundus examination procedures conducted by ophthalmology training residents in China: A cross-sectional study.

The National Standardized Training for Resident Doctors (STRD) in mainland China encounters many challenges in its implementation. To investigate whether outpatients are willing to undergo indirect ophthalmoscopy examination conducted by ophthalmology residents in the ophthalmology STRD program in China. This study conducted a cross-sectional survey at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between September 2021 and September 2023. A cohort of 300 initial outpatients requiring indirect ophthalmoscopy examinations were enlisted from the outpatient department. Based on whether the patients are willing to undergo an indirect ophthalmoscopy examination by resident doctors, patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (willing) and Group 2 (unwilling), and their questionnaire responses were comparatively analyzed. A total of 261/300 (87%) valid questionnaires were returned in the survey, which included 149 males and 112 females. No notable gender difference (p = 0.400) or disparity in medical expense categories (p = 0.786) was observed between the two groups. However, variables such as outpatient marital status (p = 0.002), the presence of training faculty during fundus examinations with residents and outpatients (p < 0.001), the demeanor of training residents toward patients (p < 0.001), and the quality of doctor-patient communication (p < 0.001) significantly varied between the groups. The level of outpatients' cooperation with ophthalmology residents during fundus examinations in the Chinese ophthalmology STRD program was observed to be low. Enhancing the presence of training faculty during examinations and enhancing the communication skills of training residents could significantly improve this situation.

Standard ophthalmology residency training in China: an evaluation of resident satisfaction on training program in Guangdong Province

BackgroundNational standardized training for resident doctors (STRD) in mainland China has been formally established since 2014 as a kind of postgraduate education. The purpose of this survey was to assess the satisfaction of the training residents in Guangdong Province on the ophthalmology STRD program after a duration of 5 years.MethodA 48-item survey was sent to all postgraduate ophthalmology residents from bases in Guangdong Province to inquire about their attitude towards the program. The survey contained questions about demographic and work-related information, job satisfaction, psychological resilience, and job performance. All responses were verified, and invalid questionnaires were excluded. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 22.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors (demographic information, working environment, clinical exposure, supervision and hands-on training opportunities, and involvement in academic activities) impacting the overall satisfaction. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 471/635 (74.17%) valid questionnaires were returned from all the STRD bases of Guangdong Province, which included 38 hospitals. 60.3% of the respondents reported overall satisfaction with their training. The satisfaction with operative teaching (60.7%) was slightly lower than the other settings of teaching experience (above 65%). Meanwhile, the satisfaction on different secessions of operative experience was all below 70%, of which in the areas of cornea and orbit were 55.42% and 57.53%, respectively. Some potential factors were found to affect general satisfaction, including the training grade, marriage, working time, income level, the doctor-patient relationship, family members working as doctors, the time proportion spent on writing medical documents during clinical work, and the frequency of attending academic meetings. Improvement was observed in both performing and reporting clinical examinations in the last year of training in comparison to the first year. Finally, 82.8% of the residents acknowledged this training was helpful for future clinical work. The first five career preferences for residents were cataract (67.1%), refractive surgery (42.3%), vitreo-retina (36.5%), optometry (28.7%), and oculoplastic (27.2%).ConclusionOphthalmology residents in Guangdong Province expressed comparable satisfaction with the STRD program. To further improve satisfaction, factors such as resident subsidy, harmonious marriage, the patient-doctor relationship, and chances of attending academic conferences should be emphasized.

Exploring the Application Effect of Flipped Classroom Combined with Problem-Based Learning Teaching Method in Clinical Skills Teaching of Standardized Training for Resident Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method in clinical skills teaching of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods: The study used the experimental control method. The study lasted from September to November 2022. The subjects of this study were 49 students of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine from grades 2020, 2021 and 2022 of Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital. They were randomly divided into experiment group (25) and control group (24). The experiment group adopted flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method, and the control group adopted traditional teaching method. The teaching content was 4 basic clinical skill projects, including four diagnoses of traditional Chinese Medicine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, dressing change procedure, acupuncture and massage. The evaluation method was carried out by comparing the students’ performance and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ evaluation of the teaching method. Results: The test scores of total scores in the experimental group (90.12 ± 5.89) were all higher than those in the control group (81.47 ± 7.96) (t = 4.53, P P < 0.01). Conclusions: The teaching process of the flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method is conducive to improving the efficiency of classroom teaching, cultivating students’ self-learning ability, and enhancing students’ willingness to learn.

A review on the status quo and implementation methods of ethics education in standardized training for resident doctors in medical genetics department

Clinical practice of Medical Genetics involves application of various genetic techniques for the diagnosis of genetic disorders and subsequent genetic counseling and treatment. The principles of Medical Ethics must be fully taken into account when applying genetic knowledge for medical practice. Medical Ethics education is therefore essential for the standardized training of resident doctors in medical genetics department. With a basic system of Medical Genetics Physician Training established, our hospital has made a preliminary exploration for the development of Medical Ethics teaching in resident training through various teaching practices including seminar, network teaching, case study, scene teaching and outpatient teaching, with an aim to strengthen Medical Ethnics knowledge, professionalism and communication skills, and implement Medical Ethics principles throughout clinical practice.

Application of BOPPPS in the Standardized Training of Resident Doctors in Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: Standardizing residency training for resident doctors is an important part of continuing medical education. China began to carry out standardizing residency training for resident doctors, which has made a good contribution to the development of medical industry since 1980s. BOPPS is a new teaching mode, which can bring better teaching quality and teaching effect to the standardizing residency of the surgical Traditional Chinese Medicine postgraduate students. This study observes BOPPPS teaching modes in the surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine graduate student of resident standardization training of clinical teaching effect. Methods: Thirty students who participated in the standardized training of resident doctors for postgraduates in TCM surgery were randomly selected and divided into two groups: the teaching group and the control group, 15 students in each group, for a half-year TCM surgery technical training. The teaching reorganization adopted BOPPS model, while the control group adopted traditional teaching methods. After the completion of rotation learning, a comprehensive assessment will be made in the form of theoretical knowledge examination, practical skill operation assessment and questionnaire survey. Results: The two groups were better than the control group (P P Conclusion: The BOPPPS teaching model can better improve the ability of resident doctors to master professional knowledge and skills in the standardized training of postgraduate students in TCM surgery, and provide a better education model for the development of standardized training of postgraduate students in TCM surgery.

Problems and Countermeasures of Training Professional Masters of Clinical Medicine in the “Two-Track Integration” Mode

A discussion is conducted on the problems of ideological and political education, rotation learning in departments, clinical and scientific research capabilities, paper writing, and improvement of the quality of papers encountered by professional master of clinical medicine in the “two-track integration” mode during the standardized training of resident doctors. On that basis, several methods are proposed in the present study (e.g., stressing ideological education for professional masters, coordinating learn of professional skills, enhancing paper writing ability and scientific research ability, organizing a professional team of tutors). On that basis, this study summarizes the problems and challenges exposed in training professional medical students, especially under “two-track integration” mode, seeks to propose a novel idea to serve better for the “two-track integration” educational mode, including provide solutions to help students establish learning goals, to enhance their writing ability, to narrow the bridge between teachers and students, etc. All of which, aims to optimize the training of professional masters of clinical medicine, and give some feasible suggestions for subsequent research. Hopefully, the suggestions and proposal in this study would draw attention and serve better to increase the education quality on professional medical students.

Investigation of the case based learning combined with WeChat platform for the residents training of ultrasound

The training of residents majoring in ultrasound needs not only to pay attention to the teaching of speculative knowledge, but also to look at pictures and talk, which is based on a large number of diagnostic ultrasound cases, training the residents to find, discover and discriminate the lesions from the ultrasonic images to finally form a sharp recognition and diagnosis ability. This study used the instant messaging tool WeChat to establish a virtual learning platform and implement a case based teaching process through this platform, which can avoid the limitations of time and space, and make the communication between teachers and students faster. According to the questionnaire survey, residents generally believed that the training mode can effectively improve learning efficiency and professional ability and hope to add this training mode to the basis of traditional teaching mode. The results of resident case analysis showed that the diagnostic accuracy of residents gradually increased during the training process. The model of WeChat platform combined with case teaching can provide new ideas and methods for standardized training of resident doctors in ultrasound specialty. Key words: Ultrasound; Residents training; WeChat; Case teaching

The exploration of scene reproduction mode combined with typical case discussion in clinical practice for the education of Chinese medical postgraduate students

With the standardized training of resident doctors, the importance of clinical practice becomes more and more important. As the key department of clinical practice, the gynecology department of traditional Chinese medicine pays more attention to the training of clinical thinking. The implementation of scene reproduction mode combined with case discussion mode in clinical practice teaching of TCM postgraduates has improved the quality of clinical training, strengthened the transformation of clinical knowledge, expanded the train of thought of scientific research, and achieves good education results. Key words: Education, medical, graduate; Clinical clerkship (TCMP); Scene reproduction; Case discussion

Research on the Standardization of Talent Cultivation for Clinical Medical Degree Postgraduates Based on the Model of Two-Track Integration

At present, the training mode of clinical medical talents in China is mainly the combination of the standardized training of resident doctors and the postgraduate training of clinical medicine, which is the “double-track integration” talent training mode. The new model has created a group of graduate students with deep clinical thinking and strong clinical operation ability. However, due to the pressure of the situation, this group of students generally attaches importance to clinical research rather than scientific research. Thus, their scientific research ability is poor or even obviously insufficient, and their artificial spirit is weakened. The purpose of this article is to provide some suggestions and references for workers in the medical profession by comprehensively analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of this model and proposing some solutions.

Investigation on patient safety culture in standardized training for resident doctors

Objective To investigate the cognition on patient safety culture of resident doctors re-ceiving standardized training in two affiliated hospitals, analyze the effectiveness of publicity and education in patient safety culture and put forward suggestions for improvements. Methods A total of 913 resident doctors receiving standardized training in the two affiliated hospitals during 2014 to 2016 were enrolled. Their cognition on patient safety culture were investigated using questionnaire surveys from May to October in 2016, and the main factors influencing the cognition on patient safety culture in standardized training were put forward through expert interviews. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 17.0 software with Chi-square test. Results The response rate of the questionnaire was 87.62% (800/913). Three factors were involved in the patient safety system, including the hospital security objectives, security feedback channels, and adverse event warning mechanism. The cognitiive level of A hospital (68.96%, 62.52%, 62.81%) was higher than that of B hospital (52.99%, 46.16%, 47.01%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The publicity of pre-service training, education in the department, and encouragement from teachers (82.13%, 84.48%, 78.33%) was better in A hospital than in B hospital (68.38%, 71.8%, 62.39%) (P<0.05). The reporting rate of adverse events in A hospital was higher than that in B hospital (P <0.05). Conclusion It is necessary for hospitals to further intensify the publicity and education on patient safety culture. We can improve students' cognition on patient safety culture to reduce medical errors by cre-ating a favorable atmosphere, establishing standardized admission education and training system, improving teachers' teaching ability, and strengthening the training for clinical skills. Key words: Patient safety culture; Resident; Standardized training; Postgraduate students

Discussion on the construction of "typical case teaching" in the standardized training of resident doctors

The teaching of typical case analysis for standardized resident training has been con-structed in our hospital, which is organized by medical and teaching administration division. Intractable cases are carefully chosen from the current year representative cases in our hospital. In the class specialists share their diagnosis and treatment processes in the cases, introduce the knowledge relevant to the diseases and set questions for the training students in the key node of the diagnosis and treatment processes. This teaching method introduces PBL elements on the basis of improving CBL. Teaching content extends to new medical technology and new methods. It is expected to open up students' vision, stimulate their interest in learning and standardize their clinical thinking. Key words: Resident; Standardized training; Clinical thinking; Typical case analysis

Professional psychological quality education in the training of clinical medicine postgraduates

In the context of the combination of education for clinical medicine graduates and stan-dardized training of resident doctors, the professional psychological quality of clinical medical postgraduates is confronted with a test. The professional psychological quality education is not only related to the profes-sional development of medical graduate students, but also to the realization of the goal of training talents in medical colleges, even to the people's life and health. Medical institutions and relevant teaching hospitals can, through strengthening the psychological education system, promote the occupation education, carry out rich and colorful educational activities, strengthen employment guidance, and improve the security policy to improve the medical personnel quality, and promote the comprehensive reform of the medical and health education. Key words: Professional psychological quality; Higher medical talents; Healthcare reform

The application of CQI in improving the quality of standardized residents training rotation examination

The application of continuous quality improvement program in standardized residency training examination in the central Hospital of Shanghai Jiading was introduced to inquire into the way to improve the quality of standardized training of resident doctors. Through the steps of FOCUS-PDCA, we continuously improved the examination content and quality compliance training personnel, and developed the examination process including test, training, supervision, learning and using. After the implementation of the project, the percentage of the departments that meet the residency training examination requirements has been increased from 33.3% to 100% in our hospital. The percentage of the students that passed the licensed medical skills examination was 96.6% in that year. 100% of the students passed the graduation comprehen-sive examination. Year-end evaluation showed that the students' satisfaction degree to the teachers increased from 94.5% to 98.2%. Thus, through the implementation of CQI project, we achieved the goal of promoting teaching and promoting learning. Key words: Standardized residents training; Continuous quality improvement (CQI)

Preliminary investigation in critical care medicine contents and methods for standardized training residents

Resident standardization training is an important means of clinical physician training in our country. Critical care medicine has important status in the training process. It is the important link to ensure the quality of resident standardization training. Residents should grasp the identification and early detection of critical ill patients. Residents should also get the ability of general basic management for critical condition and the doctor-patient communication ability. In practice, we have explored the training mode of standardized training of resident doctors in critical care medicine by developing detailed training outline, a variety of teaching methods and emphasizing the cultivation of clinical work ability. Key words: Critical care medicine; Resident physician; Standardized training

Practice and effect evaluation of the combined education on the professional degree of clinical medicine and standardized training of resident doctors

Combined is a new training mode which combines the education of profes-sional degree of clinical medicine graduate and the resident standardization Xiangya hospital of Central South University has tried this kind of training mode since 2012. We draw lessons from the advanced training concept in America in combination with the practical situation of our hospital and have established the Xiangya-Yale model of resident standardization training featuring with the Six Xiangya goals which are ethics, professional skills, patient safety, medical ethics, teamwork spirit, innovation and self-improvement, highlighting the project manager responsibility system, 360 degree examination and assess-ment, assessment of the OSCE, Mini-CEX evaluation. Through comparing and analyzing the midterm examination scores between the combined group and non-combined group, we have found that the combined group is significantly superior to non-combined group on clinical skills. In addition, the questionnaire survey results show that most graduate students have positive attitude to combined training. They believe it will be helpful for them to improve the ability of clinical skills, med-ical practice, doctor-patient communication skills and theoretical knowledge, and contributes to the future career development. Combined is one major initiative deepening the reform of medical health system and medical education which greatly promotes the development of our country health enterprise, although there still exist some flaws including training teachers, content, implementation, management and evaluation. Key words: Clinical medicine degree; Standardized training of residents; Combined training

Discussion on standardized imaging training program for clinical residents of traditional Chinese Medicine

The studying in the department of medical imaging is a vital part of the standardized training for resident, which is important to make appropriate and efficient training schedule for the im-provement of residents' diagnostic capability. At present, the standardized training for resident doctors of tra-ditional Chinese medicine is lack of enough attention and effective teaching plan. In view of the current situa-tion of poor imaging basis, short rotation time and the lack of educational programs in clinical doctors of tradi-tional Chinese medicine, we achieved significant training effect through a series of systematic training pro-grams such as using the theory of teaching, PPT teaching, informatization teaching, individuation teach-ing and so on. Key words: Traditional Chinese medicine; Resident; Standardized training; Medical imaging

Clinical training and practice of standardized training for resident doctors

The ability of clinical teachers plays a key role in residents standardized training. The teachers should fully understand the relevant policies and improve the awareness of resident standardized training. The construction of clinical teaching ability is the essential ability for clinical teachers and is the focus of the teacher training, which can guarantee to guide the improvement of residents' clinical thinking ability and the training of their clinical skills. Establishing teacher training system, making a suitable training plan, selecting applicable training content and participating in various types of teacher training should effectively improve the comprehensive teaching ability of clinical teachers for resident standardized training. Key words: Resident; Standardized training; Teacher training; Practice

Practice and review of the construction of standardized medical resident training bases for the first batch of residents in Xinjiang

Objective Through investigating the current situation of first national Standardized Medical Resident Training Bases construction in Xinjiang to provide the basis for the administrative department of public health to improve their resident training bases. Methods Selecting standardized training related personnel 133 people of 20 base hospital to conduct a questionnaire survey, and selecting the base hospital leaders, the management staff of functional departments, teachers and residents, a total of 254 people were given in-depth interviews. We conducted data collection mainly around the basic situation of the base hospitals and departments, to understand the basic situation, difficulties and problems of the standardized training of resident doctors in the base hospitals, and suggestions and opinions on the training work. We used χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank test to make statistical analysis. Results Basic conditions of the hospital was not balanced, 70% of the base hospital library number was 10 thousand ~5 million, 75% of the base hospital computer had a volume of less than or equal to 30. There was statistical significance in the difference of the rate of operation between the cases and the skills in the southern/northern region teaching/non pro-fessional teaching base hospital. Teacher level was not balanced, and only 5 hospital teacher training rate was greater than or equal to 80%, which met the national requirements. Enrollment of each department had a rising trend, including the department of pediatrics, psychiatry and other major shortage of profes-sional year by year, the increase in the proportion of 1~2 times. National financial aid was implemented, but lacked local financial input. Conclusion The balanced development of base construction, the continuous improvement of system construction and organization management, the improvement of the teachers' teach-ing and training quality, the improvement of the resident treatment and striving for more national and local financial allocation will be the focus of the construction and development of Xinjiang resident standardized training base. Key words: Resident training; Training base; Survey

Application of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block technique in standardized training for resident doctors

Mastering peripheral nerve block technique is a basic requirement for residents standardization training. Ultrasound-guided nerve block has broken through the limitation of traditional blind operation, promoted the quality and safety of anesthesia, and improved the quality of the peripheral nerve block teaching. However, the safety of ultrasound-guided nerve block technique must be based on the speci-fication training. In the teaching experience, we have used theoretical study, simulation training and clinical practice to explore a new method for upgrading the quality of resident doctor training. Key words: Ultrasound; Peripheral nerve block; Resident standardization training

Standardized training for resident doctors in China.

Medical graduates are not fully trained physicians when they leave medical school. Currently, standardized training for resident doctors in most hospitals in China is carried out according to the Ministry of Health guidelines. However, these guidelines provide only outline guidance, and specific resident training is managed independently by and varies with individual institutions. Therefore, it is important to study training demand to learn about the content and emphasis of training. Goad established a gap analysis model of training demand, and the “gap” between “realistic condition” and “ideal condition” was set as the starting point of research[1]. In this model, the “ideal condition” is determined according to the organizational characteristics and industrial development conditions. However, there will be gaps between the “ideal condition” and “realistic condition”, including gaps in knowledge, study, attitude and skills. The gaps, according to Goad, will generate training demand and any training activity should aim at eliminating or narrowing such gap. Using this model, we surveyed 137 resident doctors and 53 department directors at a tertiary care hospital in Qingdao, China. We found that while resident doctors and department chairs share certain priorities in residency training such as “professional dedication and sense of responsibility,” “team work” and “basic clinical skills”, they differ on other priorities such as “clinical thinking ability”, “communication skills with patients and their families”, and “scientific research ability” (Table 1). Both residents and directors gave high scores (> 4.5) on the ideal condition status values of 11 main training programs, indicating that the residents and directors attach great importance to them. Our survey shows that both resident doctors and department directors consider that they should reinforce training of basic clinical skills and safeguarding their own legal rights with medical law knowledge. However, they have different opinions on the importance and demand in respect of clinical thinking ability, scientific research ability and communication skills with patients and their families. Clinical thinking is a core clinical ability and determines the diagnosis and treatment level of a doctor[2]. As resident doctors are still in the stage of professional training, they differ in perspective from their department directors who see cultivating the basic clinical skills of residents as the key to laying a good foundation for resident training. Scientific research capability also requires cultivation, but it is not on the priority list of department chairs. However, with the pressure of seeking jobs, professional advancement and evaluation for physician performance[3], resident doctors may feel an urgent need for scientific research achievements to give them advantages in their career. In addition, residents rank effective communicating with patients lower in priority while department directors consider it conducive to resolving conflict between doctors and patients. Table 1. Demand analysis of resident training Gap analysis effectively defines training demand and identifies priorities of residents and department chairs. It is important for residents and department directors to align their priorities so that resources are better utilized to meet the needs of resident doctors and provide effective training to resident doctors. As clinical skill is the most basic skill for a resident doctor, it should always be the top priority of training[4]. Currently, hospitals in China are averse to practices that might cause medical disputes[5] and are reluctant to allow residents to perform certain procedures, thus decreasing the opportunity of clinical training for young doctors. To gain clinical competency, resident doctors are recommended to actively participate in clinical practice under the supervision and guidance of clinical teachers, and hospitals should build operative skills training centers to facilitate training of resident doctors. Moreover, humanistic curriculums only account for no more than 8% of the total curriculum in medical education in China[6]. Doctors with good humanistic quality are more skillful in communicating with patients and their family, which helps build better doctor-patient relationship. Hospitals may include contents of humanistic care in their resident training.