Standard Operating Procedures Research Articles

Decreasing adverse events from concurrent Vinca-alkaloid and azole antifungals in a pediatric oncology population: Patient safety improvement process.

297 Background: Azole-antifungals like posaconazole and voriconazole have a documented significant risk of adverse drug events (ADE) when concomitantly administered with vinca-alkaloid chemotherapy (vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine) due to inhibition of vinca clearance. Potential ADE’s include paralytic ileus, severe, potentially permanent neuropathies, cranial nerve dysfunction, seizures, etc. Aim: Assess a standardized process to hold azole-antifungal around vinca-alkaloid drug administration to decrease the risk of adverse events associated with this drug-drug interaction in pediatric oncology patients. Intervention: Azole-antifungals (fluconazole*, voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole) will be held the day before, day of, and day after the vinca-alkaloid administration (with flexibility given provider discretion*) in the outpatient and inpatient setting at a single site. Methods: Development of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), informational technology (IT) processes such as Best Practice Advisory (BPA), nursing orders, Vinca Time-Out order and standard nursing note template for telephone encounter to remind patient/parents. Retrospective data was assessed in three 6-12 month phases, Pre-SOP (Phase 0), Post- SOP and Pre-IT support (Phase 1), and Full implementation (Phase 2). Study Outcomes: 1.Hold the azole-antifungal in 100% of encounters where vinca-alkaloid is due. 2. Decrease number of adverse events by 10%. 3. Maintain adequate fungal prophylaxis (or treatment) with a 0% incidence of breakthrough fungal infections. Results: Average number of concomitant azole/vinca administrations for each Phase was 39. A 97% improvement was seen in the number of vinca administrations dose reduced or held from 28 (Phase 0) to 1 (Phase 2). A 66% improvement in SOP compliance was observed (19 % in Phase 0, and 85% in Phase 2). Significant adverse effects were decreased by 33-50% between Phase 0, and Phase 1 and 2, respectively. Three patients in Phase 2 experienced fungal infection breakthrough; all had documented compliance issues prior to the study period. Conclusions: Implementation of the SOP and IT processes helped achieve a process to hold azole antifungals and led to significant decrease in the need to dose reduce or hold vinca-alkaloids thereby allowing less chemotherapy interruption/dose adjustments. Further modification of the SOP may be developed to exclude those patients on anti-fungal therapy for an active fungal infection.

Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in Indonesia Through Effective Government Assistance Programs

Background: The economic recovery of Sidoarjo Regency post-pandemic hinges on effective assistance programs for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly women's business groups. Specific Background: This study investigates the efficacy of the Sidoarjo Regency Government’s assistance program for independent women’s business groups, with a focus on its impact on resilience and independence within this demographic. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing literature on government assistance programs, there is a lack of detailed evaluations regarding their effectiveness, specifically in the context of women's entrepreneurship in Sidoarjo. Aims: This research aims to assess the effectiveness of the assistance program through qualitative methods, including interviews, observations, and documentation. Results: Findings reveal that the program has been effective, particularly for the Teman Setia Kitchen business, measured against Sutrisno's (2010) indicators: program understanding, target accuracy, timeliness, goal achievement, and real change. While some discrepancies with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) exist, the overall impact on groups like Dapur Teman Setia, Mawar Boga, and Agung Tersena has been positive. Novelty: This study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting specific indicators of program effectiveness and providing actionable insights for improving governmental support for women entrepreneurs. Implications: The research underscores the importance of effective government intervention in fostering women’s entrepreneurship and calls for improved targeting and timeliness in aid disbursement, which are essential for the sustainable development of MSMEs in Sidoarjo. Highlights: Effectiveness measured: Understanding, target accuracy, and timely assistance evaluated. Positive impact: Increased income and improved welfare for women entrepreneurs. Communication gaps: Need for better outreach and administrative processes identified. Keywords: women's empowerment, MSMEs, government assistance, program effectiveness, economic recovery

Prevalence and factors associated with human colonisation and vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> in Colombo, Sri Lanka

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is known to cause a wide variety of diseases of varying severity in humans. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of S. aureus and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) colonisation, assess factors associated with MRSA colonisation, identify antibiotic susceptibility patterns of MRSA isolates, determine distribution of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of S. aureus and factors associated with high vancomycin MIC values (≥2 µg/ml). Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 341 participants aged 18 to 84 years selected randomly from the Colombo district from 11th December 2018 to 10th April 2019. Samples were collected from the nose, axilla, groin of participants and identification and sensitivity testing of S. aureus were performed based on standard operation procedures given in the Laboratory manual in microbiology published by the Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists (2011). Results: Prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA colonisation in the sample population was 34.6% and 13.78% respectively. All MRSA isolates were susceptible to linezolid. MRSA susceptibility to gentamicin (86%), co-trimoxazole (88 %), and chloramphenicol (80%) was high. Erythromycin had the lowest susceptibility (20%). Inducible clindamycin resistance was demonstrated in 31% of isolates. Meat consumption and consumption of antibiotics within the previous six months showed a significant association with MRSA colonisation. Vancomycin MIC of S. aureus ranged from ≤ 0.5 to 2 µg/ml. Conclusion: As prevalence of MRSA colonisation is 13.78%, more attention should be paid when managing patients with suspected S. aureus infections presenting from the community. Further research on associated factors and environmental triggers are warranted with a larger sample size and different study design to formulate national regulations and guidelines.

Metode Pelaksanaan Pembuatan PC Spun Pile dengan Mutu F'c 52 MPa Pada PT. Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk PPB Majalengka

A concrete plant, also known as a batch plant or batching plant or a concrete batching plant, is equipment that combines various ingredients to form concrete. This implementation aims to determine the manufacturing process and quality control of concrete product production. The method used in this implementation is descriptive quantitative. Steps include operational variables to determine the problem and indicators of the cause of the problem. Data collection through observation and documentation. The results of this implementation show that the implementation of manufacturing at PT WIKA Beton Tbk PPB Majalengka aims to make good concrete products, the factors for making PC Spun Pile products are made based on work instructions or standard operational procedures.

Embedding the ‘CoolCuddle’ intervention for infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in NICU: an evaluation using normalisation process theory

ObjectivesNewborn infants exposed to lack of oxygen and blood flow to the brain around birth may develop brain dysfunction (hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy—HIE). These infants undergo 72 hours of cooling therapy and...

Assessing Infrastructure Development in Kedungrejo Village Work Plan

Background: Effective policy implementation is essential for achieving developmental goals, particularly in rural areas. Specific Background: This study examines the implementation of the Government Work Plan (RKP) in Kedungrejo, Jabon District, Sidoarjo. Knowledge Gap: There is limited research on the operational challenges of RKP implementation in rural Indonesia. Aims: The research analyzes RKP implementation, focusing on communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure per Edward III’s framework. Results: Findings reveal that village officials engage in monitoring infrastructure projects but lack Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and dedicated oversight teams. Novelty: This study offers empirical insights into the practical challenges faced in RKP implementation. Implications: Establishing SOPs and dedicated teams is recommended to improve coordination and accountability, enhancing governance and community participation in rural development efforts. Highlights : Lack of SOPs: Absence of Standard Operating Procedures hinders effective project oversight. Community Engagement: Village officials emphasize the importance of involving the community in development efforts. Bureaucratic Structure: The existing bureaucratic framework influences the coordination and success of RKP implementation. Keywords: RKP, rural development, governance, implementation, community participation

Characterization of Robusta Coffee Powder with Addition of Palm Sugar and Vanilla Powder to Improve The Quality of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre)

Bondowoso Robusta Coffee is a type of Robusta coffee that has a distinctive taste and high quality. The distinctive taste and high quality are obtained from the results of harvest management and post-harvest processing in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). This research will be carried out by testing the characteristics of Robusta ground coffee with a mixture of palm sugar and vanilla flavoring to improve the quality of Robusta ground coffee. This was done by knowing the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the mixed Robusta ground coffee. The aim of this research is to determine the interaction between roasting level and the composition of palm sugar and vanilla powder on the physiochemical and organoleptic properties of 3 in 1 Robusta Coffee. This research uses an experimental plan arranged factorially with the basic pattern of a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replications. This design has two factors, the first factor is the roasting level and the second is the mixture composition. The results of this research show (1) The interaction of Roasting Level and Mixture (palm sugar and vanilla powder) has no significant effect on all observed variables such as water content, Brix content, pH value, and powder bulk density. (2) The effect of the main level of roasting has a very significant effect on the observed variables of rainfall density and an insignificant effect on the variables of air content, Brix content and pH value. (3) The effect of the main mixture has a very significant effect on the observed variables of air content, Brix content and powder bulk density and has no significant effect on the variable pH value.

Formulation Workshop of Business Processes and Standard Operating Procedures at Medan State University

Formulation Workshop of Business Processes and Standard Operating Procedures at Medan State University

ROLE OF PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF INFECTION PREVENTION PROGRAMS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant risk in hospital settings. Performance improvement measures can enhance the quality of infection prevention programs, leading to better outcomes for patients. Objective: To assess the impact of performance improvement measures on enhancing the quality of infection prevention programs in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with healthcare workers (HCWs), including doctors, nurses, infection prevention officers, and support staff, at a tertiary care hospital. The intervention included comprehensive performance improvement measures: rigorous training, educational initiatives, regular audits with feedback, adherence to standard operating procedures (SOPs), checklists, monitoring tools, and hand hygiene promotion. Quantitative data on infection rates, infection control compliance, hand hygiene adherence, and antibiotic usage were collected at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention. Qualitative data were gathered from semi-structured interviews and focus groups to explore barriers and facilitators to infection prevention. Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in HAIs per 1,000 patient days compared to the control group (3.06 ± 1.09 vs. 8.23 ± 5.18; p = 0.00). Compliance with infection control practices (71.0% vs. 61.0%; p = 0.13) and hand hygiene adherence (64.0% vs. 48.0%; p = 0.02) were also higher in the intervention group. However, no statistically significant difference in antibiotic usage was observed between the two groups (59.0% vs. 49.0%; p = 0.1). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that performance improvement measures significantly reduce HAIs and improve compliance with infection control protocols. These targeted strategies are essential for enhancing infection prevention in healthcare settings and improving overall patient safety.

Agro-Processing Value Chains Mapping and Technology Needs Assessment for Nyeri County, Kenya

A sectoral value chain mapping of the County Government of Nyeri, Kenya was initiated and implemented with regard to agro-processing of various forms of plant resources: food crops, textile/natural products, honey/animal feeds/ bio-energy/ICT, environment & biotechnology, essential oils, engineering services and Blue Economy. In this case, the following value-chain processes were assessed: Tea, Coffee; Oil crops; Banana & Dairy products with the support of service providers and prototypic environments. It also looked into value-addition practices and other cross-cutting factors. The cross-sectional study uncovered distinctions and issues including variability in the power supply, absence of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), minimal value addition, existence of counterfeit inputs, and unsuitable equipment. Recommendations include provision of standby power supply, provision of standard operating procedures, potential innovation in value addition, procurement of adequate equipment, and formulation of measures concerning genuine farm inputs. Therefore, by providing an enabling environment and putting into practice the strategies articulated in the study, sustainable agricultural-based growth and hence economic development in Nyeri County will be inevitably achieved under the Kenya Vision 2030.

A RELEVÂNCIA DOS PROGRAMAS DE AUTOCONTROLE NA SAÚDE PÚBLICA EM INDÚSTRIAS DE PRODUTOS DE ORIGEM ANIMAL

Self-Control Programs (PACs) are fundamental for the agroindustry, aiming at food safety and reducing risks to public health. Along with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Standard Operational Hygiene Procedures (PPHO) and the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Program (HACCP). The research aims to demonstrate the importance of PAC as a tool capable of minimizing and controlling levels of contamination, infection and/or food poisoning in the food industry, discussing the regulations issued by supervisory authorities on the quality, health and safety of food, as well as good practices in the production of products of animal origin. The importance of studying this topic is that it has great relevance due to the fact that it addresses the importance of the hygienic-sanitary and technological quality of raw materials, animal health and public health. The study was carried out using articles, books and academic sources through electronic searches in SciELO, Google Scholar, PUBMED, PubVet of relevance in addition to Laws and books, bibliographical research and insights into the need to highlight and demonstrate the importance of programs in the food industry. It was concluded that PACs are essential to reduce risks to public health and enhance food quality and safety for consumers.

Optimizing Official Letter Management with E-Buddy in Village Government

Effective management of official letters is crucial for village governance, yet many villages face challenges in this area. Specific Background: Tambak Kalisogo Village in Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency, implemented the E-Buddy application to address these challenges. Knowledge Gap: While digital solutions like E-Buddy promise efficiency, their practical implementation in village administration is not well-documented. Aims: This study aims to describe and assess the implementation of the E-Buddy application in managing official letters within the Tambak Kalisogo Village Government using a descriptive qualitative method. Results: The study utilized purposive sampling, involving key informants such as the village head, village secretary, and the head of the service section responsible for E-Buddy. Findings indicate that communication within the application was generally effective; however, the transmission was one-directional, focusing solely on communication from the village head to the E-Buddy operator instead of all users. Resource availability, including facilities and infrastructure, was deemed sufficient to support E-Buddy's optimal implementation. However, issues such as margin-setting difficulties and application errors posed challenges. The disposition indicator was aligned with the management of incoming letters, while the bureaucratic structure demonstrated adequate standard operating procedures. Novelty: This study highlights specific implementation challenges, such as margin-setting difficulties and delayed notifications, that need attention from service providers. Implications: The findings suggest the need for improved communication channels and technical support within E-Buddy to enhance official letter management at the village level, with the Sidoarjo Regency Government's support in addressing these obstacles. Highlights: Communication Gap: One-directional communication limits effective use of E-Buddy among village officials. Technical Challenges: Margin-setting and application errors hinder optimal letter management. Resource Adequacy: Sufficient facilities support implementation, but improvements in technical support are needed. Keywords: Village Governance, E-Buddy Application, Official Letter Management, Digital Solutions, Implementation Challenges.

MANAJEMEN KURIKULUM “SEKOLAH PENGGERAK” PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI

This study aims to analyze curriculum management at Kober Andalusia Sodonghilir Tasikmalaya which is also one of the institutions selected as a School of Mover. The method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach, with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The analysis techniques consist of data condensation, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Meanwhile, the data validity test is carried out with diligent observation, triangulation and audit for dependency criteria. The results of this study indicate that curriculum management at Kober Andalusia is: 1) Planning, which includes: a) making an annual program; b) making a semester program (Prosem); c) making a Learning Objective Flow (ATP); d) making a teaching module by determining Learning Achievements (CP) and Learning Objectives (TP); e) making Standard Operating Procedures (SOP); and f) making a child development program combined with the Pancasila profile independence curriculum; 2) Implementation, namely learning at Kober Andalusia using a group model that is aligned with the teaching module that has been prepared by the teacher; and 3) The evaluation in Kober Andalusia includes three things, namely: a) assessment of children with an authentic assessment approach; b) assessment of teacher performance carried out by the head of management; and c) assessment of the institution as a driving school offline and online by facilitators and available applications.

Exploring the Black Box of Knowledge Capture in Public Complaint Management

This paper examines the risk of knowledge loss in managing public complaints. Drawing upon the literature on public complaint management and knowledge management (KM), in-depth interviews were carried out with the Public Complaint Bureau (PCB), a government agency responsible for handling public complaints. Interview data was meticulously recorded and transcribed to elicit an understanding of prominent factors of knowledge capture and knowledge organisation in handling public complaints. Focus-group discussions were also carried out to generate further insights. Documentation such Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), circulars and public reports were scrutinised to corroborate interview data. Research findings strongly indicate that inadequate knowledge capture and organisation have created a ‘black box’ in public complaint management. This black box has led to an ambiguous operating environment for PCB employees, caused by knowledge dissipation and evaporation. These issues stem from diverse individual knowledge practices and poorly designed knowledge flows within the organisation, resulting in significant knowledge loss. This qualitative research is expected to benefit organisations, mainly the government in improving knowledge capture and organisation practices by critically considering implementing KM efforts to avoid severe knowledge loss. It will also benefit the academic community for future reference.

Penerapan Range Of Mation (ROM) terhadap Peningkatan Kekuatan Otot dengan Kasus Stroke Non Hemoragik pada Ny. A Di UPT PSTW Jember

Background: Stroke remains a major health issue both in Indonesia and globally. Non-hemorrhagic stroke is a leading cause of physical disability, resulting in decreased muscle strength and motor function. Physical rehabilitation, including Range of Motion (ROM) exercises, plays a crucial role in the recovery of stroke patients by restoring muscle function and improving muscle strength. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ROM exercises in improving muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients with physical mobility impairment. Methods: A descriptive study with a case study approach was conducted on one non-hemorrhagic stroke patient who was given passive ROM exercises for 7 days, with a frequency of twice a day (morning and evening). The instruments used included Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and a Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) observation sheet to assess muscle strength before and after the passive ROM intervention. Results: The study showed a significant increase in muscle strength after ROM exercises. Muscle strength consistently improved throughout the intervention, indicating that ROM exercises are effective in enhancing muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Conclusion: Regular ROM exercises can increase muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Initially, the patient's left extremity muscle strength was at a scale of 3, and after 7 days of ROM exercises, it improved to a scale of 4. This study provides evidence that ROM exercises are effective for stroke patients

A guidance for the enrichment of micropollutants from wastewater by solid-phase extraction before bioanalytical assessment

BackgroundWastewater can contain a complex mixture of organic micropollutants, with both chemical analysis and effect-based methods needed to identify relevant micropollutants and detect mixture effects. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is commonly used to enrich micropollutants prior to analysis. While the recovery and stability of individual micropollutants by SPE has been well studied, few studies have optimized SPE for effect-based methods. The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate two standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the enrichment of micropollutants in preparation for chemical analysis and bioanalysis, one covering a broad range of chemicals and the other selective for estrogenic chemicals.ResultsPristine surface water spiked with > 600 micropollutants was used to develop a generic extraction method for micropollutants with a wide range of physiochemical properties, while water spiked with estrogenic chemicals was used to identify a selective extraction method. Three different SPE sorbents were tested, with recoveries of individual chemicals and effect in assays indicative of mutagenicity, estrogenic activity, and fish embryo toxicity assessed. The sorbent HRX at pH 7 was selected for the generic extraction method as it showed the best recovery of both individual chemicals and effect in the bioassays. The sorbent HLB at pH 3 showed optimal recovery of estrogenic chemicals and estrogenic activity. The two optimal SPE methods were applied to spiked and unspiked wastewater effluents, with the concentrations of detected chemicals and observed effects similar to those of previous studies. The long-term storage of both extracts and SPE cartridges for estrogens and estrogenic activity after extraction with the HRX and HLB methods were evaluated, with estrogenic effectiveness close to 100% after 112 days when HLB was used.ConclusionsHRX is recommended for generic extraction, while HLB is optimal for the selective extraction of estrogenic micropollutants. However, if a laboratory only wants to use a single SPE sorbent, HLB can be used for both generic and selective extraction as it yielded similar chemical and effect recovery as HRX for a wide range of micropollutants. This paper is supplemented by the final SOP that includes a variant for generic extraction and one for the extraction of estrogenic chemicals.

Analyzing Key Barriers to the Success of the Merdeka Belajar Campus Merdeka Program

This study is grounded in the premise that the full implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) strategy has been hindered by challenges related to insufficient human resources and inadequate infrastructure. The research aims to identify the key factors influencing the successful implementation of the MBKM program, with a focus on State Universities in West Borneo. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study gathers data primarily through in-depth interviews. The findings reveal several critical determinants affecting the program's success. These include the commitment and strategic vision of university leadership, the establishment of a dedicated unit to oversee program implementation, strong partner support and engagement, a positive attitude within the academic community towards the MBKM initiative, active and effective participation of program supervisors, proactive and innovative student involvement, contributions from academic staff in administrative roles, the availability of standardized operating procedures, and alignment between curriculum planning and program objectives.

Assessment of produced water from oil and gas field Gujar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan

This study was conducted to analyze the physiochemical and heavy metal concentrations in produced water of Missa Kaswal Oil field Gujar khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Produced water samples were collected from various locations points and analyzed for various parameters by using standard operation procedures. According to Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, pH, temperature was noted with in permissible limit, total dissolved solids, chlorides, fluorides and oil and grease concentrations were found very high. The concentration of chloride and oil and grease were found several times higher as compared to Pak-EPA. Heavy metals results of the research samples are compared with Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. From the results it was found that nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As0 were within the permissible limits while chromium (Cr) concentration was observed in produced water above the permissible limits. So overall study concluded that wastewater which is released from oil and gas sector is highly polluted. So, it is strongly recommended that Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency should regular check and monitor that wastewater before releasing into the environment.

Haunting the Ganges: addressing the issues of ghost gear in the Ganga River through an incentive-based institutional mechanism

Abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded fishing gears, also known as ghost gears (GG), are major contributors to global marine and freshwater plastic pollution. GG can lead to the accidental entanglement of several threatened freshwater and marine species, especially the air-breathing aquatic vertebrates, which is a matter of global concern. There is a lack of know-how and mechanisms for collecting and recycling GG, leading to their constant accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we have examined the mortalities of threatened aquatic species in fishing nets and have proposed an incentive-based standard operating procedure (SOP) for effective collection and disposal of GG based on field observations and extant national and international policies and made recommendations for a net buyback scheme as a possible downstream solution to reduce GG in the Ganga River Basin. It is proposed that the collection of GG can be done by the local level institutions of fishing community through the fair-price shops. The nets are then to be deposited at the block-level processing centres to be transported to the district-level consolidating centres. Recycling partners identified by the Government of India will then collect the nets directly from district centres for further upcycling and recycling. A multi-level, multi-stakeholder approach with strong upstream and downstream linkages backed with appropriate policy interventions is needed to tackle the ghost gear issue in the Ganga River basin.

One Procedure Change Process, Two Interpretations: A Qualitative Exploration of Differences in User and Administrative Perceptions

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Standard operating procedures (SOPs) in complex industrial settings require a process for change management which can accommodate updates and adapt to changing tasks, roles, and tools. Interviews with users and administrators of SOPs in a large petrochemical company revealed contrasting perceptions of the procedural change process. Administrators (those who write or oversee the procedures, such as at the mid-level management level or “blunt end” of the process) perceived the change process as transparent, accessible, and encouraging for users of procedures at the sharp end, whereas users themselves perceived the process to be opaque and futile. Given the critical role of effective procedures in maintaining a safe workplace, these findings have important implications for ergonomics and human factors practitioners. Considerations for designing SOP change management should include accounting for process change transparency, emphasizing the importance of employee buy-in, and effectively communicating about procedures, policies, and safety in the change management.