Standard Set Research Articles

A method and optical references for compensating signal drift in a fluorescent microarray reader

A point-of-need fluorescent microarray assay is a promising tool for on-site high-throughput and multiplex detection. However, its low-cost and portable read-out system, based on an image sensor, suffers from temporal and spatial signal variations caused by measurement drifts. This work presents a method to compensate for these variations without the need for an additional sensor. The method utilizes two inexpensive fluorescent references specifically designed to mitigate the variations while offering cost-saving benefits and broad portable applicability. This method relies on employing a representative signal instead of raw signals. Relevant systems with both variations were conducted to validate and demonstrate the method's effectiveness by varying light-source temperatures and analysis areas. Under investigation of different International Organization for Standardization (ISO) settings, shutter speeds, and light-source intensities, the method significantly reduced the influence of the variations, enhancing detection repeatability by up to a factor of 26-fold.

Urine Metabolite Profiles after the Consumption of a Low- and a High-Digestible Protein Meal, and Comparison of Urine Normalization Techniques.

In the context of dietary transition toward plant proteins, it is necessary to ensure protein security in populations. It would thus be of interest to identify biomarkers of altered protein digestibility in populations. We examined the association between urinary metabolites and the acute intake of low- or highly digestible protein in healthy volunteers. The urine samples were collected before and 9 h after the ingestion of a meal containing either no protein, zein (low-digestible) or whey protein isolate (highly digestible). The liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics approach was used for the profiling of the urinary metabolites. For the standardization of metabolomics data sets, osmolality-based, standard normal variates (SNV) and probabilistic quotient normalization (PQN) techniques were used. The ANOVA-based factorial method, AComDim_ICA, was used for chemometrics analysis. The osmolality adjustment has a beneficial effect and the subsequent mathematical normalization improves the chemometric analysis further. Some changes in the urinary metabolomes were observed 9 h after the meal in the three groups. However, there was no difference in the urine metabolome between groups. No biomarker of protein digestibility can be identified after the ingestion of a single meal, even when marked differences in the digestion efficiency of protein have been observed.

Dosage Evaluation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Lotion of Ethanol Extract of Belimbing Wuluh Leaf (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.)

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>This study aims to make and evaluate the lotion formula from ethanol extract of star fruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) and test the antioxidant activity of the lotion. The research method used is experimental, making lotions and testing antioxidant activity from July to October 2023 at the Semi-Solid Preparation Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Poltekkes Kemenkes Medan, and Research Laboratory, University of North Sumatra. In the preparation stage, star fruit leaf simplisia was extracted by maceration using a 95% ethanol solvent. The lotion formula was made with ingredients such as PEG 4000, stearyl alcohol, glycerin, sodium lauryl sulfate, coconut oil, nipagin, and distillate water, with varying concentrations of ethanol extract of star fruit leaves. The formulation was evaluated through organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and viscosity tests. The results showed that the lotion produced had a homogeneous shape and aroma to the concentration of ethanol extract. In addition, the pH of the lotion is also within the safe range for human skin. The spreadability test showed the lotion's ability to spread on the skin, which met the requirements for lotions with spreadability values between 5 and 7 cm. The viscosity of the lotion was also by the set standards. Stability tests were conducted to monitor the physical and chemical changes of the lotion over four weeks. The results showed that lotions with 1% and 3% ethanol extract concentrations were stable during the study period. However, the 5% concentration experienced inhomogeneity changes in the third week. In conclusion, lotion with ethanol extract of star fruit leaves at 1% and 3% concentration can produce a good and stable formula. However, the antioxidant activity of the lotion is still in the weak to moderate category. This research contributes to developing plant-based natural cosmetic products for skin care.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keywords: Antioxidant Activity, Belimbing Wuluh, Ethanol Extract, Evaluation, Lotion</em></strong></p>

Features of regulatory support for social security of a modern state

The article aims to elucidate the features of regulatory support for the social security of a modern state, examining these through the criteria for appropriate regulatory support for the social security of modern Ukraine. The author identifies that effective legal and regulatory support for the social security of a modern state relies on a set of standards. The legal regulation of the social security of the state should primarily be conducted by entities vested with the requisite rule-making powers, and these powers must be exercised in accordance with the procedures stipulated by law. Rulemaking activities and the legal framework for the social security of the state must align with the principles of law, ensuring legal certainty in the provisions of regulatory legal acts pertaining to social security. Regulatory and legal support for the social security of the state, as an integral component of the legal framework, should adhere to the provisions outlined in the Constitution of Ukraine, current social standards, and consider the international legal obligations of the state, which also emanate from the European integration objectives of Ukraine. The regulatory support for the social security of a modern state must incorporate norms with direct applicability and establish an institutional foundation for the effective implementation of legislation on social security. The regulatory framework for the social security of the state must be coordinated, consistent, flexible, and adaptive, while also being subject to an assessment of its impact on the field of social security. Moreover, in the context of democratizing the socio-legal regime for ensuring the social security of modern Ukraine, the process of legal regulation of social security involves the active participation of interested entities, including civil society actors. The conclusion of the article succinctly summarizes the results of the study.

A validity study of COMLEX-USA Level 3 with the new test design.

The National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME) administers the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States (COMLEX-USA), a three-level examination designed for licensure for the practice of osteopathic medicine. The examination design for COMLEX-USA Level 3 (L3) was changed in September 2018 to a two-day computer-based examination with two components: a multiple-choice question (MCQ) component with single best answer and a clinical decision-making (CDM) case component with extended multiple-choice (EMC) and short answer (SA) questions. Continued validation of the L3 examination, especially with the new design, is essential for the appropriate interpretation and use of the test scores. The purpose of this study is to gather evidence to support the validity of the L3 examination scores under the new design utilizing sources of evidence based on Kane's validity framework. Kane's validity framework contains four components of evidence to support the validity argument: Scoring, Generalization, Extrapolation, and Implication/Decision. In this study, we gathered data from various sources and conducted analyses to provide evidence that the L3 examination is validly measuring what it is supposed to measure. These include reviewing content coverage of the L3 examination, documenting scoring and reporting processes, estimating the reliability and decision accuracy/consistency of the scores, quantifying associations between the scores from the MCQ and CDM components and between scores from different competency domains of the L3 examination, exploring the relationships between L3 scores and scores from a performance-based assessment that measures related constructs, performing subgroup comparisons, and describing and justifying the criterion-referenced standard setting process. The analysis data contains first-attempt testscores for 8,366 candidates who took the L3 examination between September 2018 and December 2019. The performance-based assessment utilized as a criterion measure in this study is COMLEX-USA Level 2 Performance Evaluation (L2-PE). All assessment forms were built through the automated test assembly (ATA) procedure to maximize parallelism in terms of content coverage and statistical properties across the forms. Scoring and reporting follows industry-standard quality-control procedures. The inter-rater reliability of SA rating, decision accuracy, and decision consistency for pass/fail classifications are all very high. There is a statistically significant positive association between the MCQ and the CDM components of the L3 examination. The patterns of associations, both within the L3 subscores and with L2-PE domain scores, fit with what is being measured. The subgroup comparisons by gender, race, and first language showed expected small differences in mean scores between the subgroups within each category and yielded findings that are consistent with those described in the literature. The L3 pass/fail standard was established through implementation of a defensible criterion-referenced procedure. This study provides some additional validity evidence for the L3 examination based on Kane's validity framework. The validity of any measurement must be established through ongoing evaluation of the related evidence. The NBOME will continue to collect evidence to support validity arguments for the COMLEX-USA examination series.

Over half a decade into the adoption of IFRS 9: a systematic literature review

PurposeIn 2018, the International Financial Reporting Standard 9-Financial Instruments became mandatory, effectively changing the underlying accounting principles of financial instruments. This paper systematically reviews the academic literature on the implementation effects of IFRS 9, providing a coherent picture of the state of the empirical literature on IFRS 9.Design/methodology/approachThe study thrives on a systematic review approach by analyzing existing academic studies along the following three broad categories: adoption and implementation, impact on financial reporting, and risk management and provisioning. The study concludes by providing research prospects to fill the identified gaps.FindingsWe document data-related issues, forecasting uncertainties and the interaction of IFRS 9 with other regulatory standards as implementation challenges encountered. Also, we observe cross-country heterogeneity in reporting quality. Furthermore, contrary to pre-implementation expectations, we find improvement in risk management. This suggests that despite the complexities of the new regulatory standard on financial instruments, it appears to be more successful in achieving the intended objective of enhancing better market discipline and transparency rather than being a regulatory overreach.Originality/valueAs the literature on IFRS 9 is burgeoning, we provide state-of-the-art guidance and direction for researchers with a keen interest in the economic significance and implications of IFRS 9 adoption. The study identifies gaps in the literature that require further research, specifically, IFRS 9 adoption and firm’s hedging activities, IFRS 9 implications on non-financial firms. Lastly, existing studies are mostly focused on Europe and underscore the need for more research in under-researched jurisdictions, particularly in Asia and Africa. Also, to standard setters, policymakers and practitioners, we provide some insight to aid the formulation and application of standards.

Are we gaining valid consent for dental extractions? A retrospective audit on restorability assessment at one dental institution.

Introduction This paper explores the widely relevant topic of obtaining valid consent in dental practice, focusing on assessing restorability of teeth planned for extraction. The General Dental Council stresses discussing treatment options, benefits and risks for informed decision-making. The study evaluates if pertinent factors, including tooth structure, endodontic status, periodontal health and patient considerations, are considered before consent.Aim To ensure restorability has been assessed and all options communicated with patients for completeness of the consent process before tooth extraction.Objective To assist clinicians in their systematic assessment of a tooth's restorability and provide a framework for contemporaneous documentation.Materials and methods A two-week retrospective audit of oral surgery outpatients at a dental hospital in London was conducted, analysing the frequency of restorability discussions and patient involvement in decision-making. A simplified restorability guide and educational interventions were introduced to target the set standard of 100% of consenting clinicians to discuss restorability with patients.Results Results from two audit cycles show a significant increase in documented restorability discussions and consideration of patient factors.Discussion The study recognised restorability assessment subjectivity, thus creating a simplified tool for clinicians. Patients may lack awareness of restorability options, consequences of edentulism, future costs and tooth replacement considerations, emphasising the importance of documented discussions.Conclusion Educational interventions and a simplified restorability guide proved beneficial and showed significant improvement in communication with patients regarding restorability and gaining valid consent. Further consideration should be given to barriers patients face when opting for tooth extraction of their restorable teeth, including discussions regarding long-term consequences.

Foster the application of ISO standards on climate change adaptation in cities

A set of ISO standards on climate change adaptation exist that are relevant for the application by cities. However, the knowledge of these is limited among the target groups as well as support is needed to foster their application at city level. The CitISOsCA research project addressed these aspects by different engagement activities using mainly surveys and workshops. The main outcomes of this research are seven verified elements to support applying a standard at city level, and aspects to consider when start the application of a CCA standard in a city. The research fills the gap in literature, which lacks on information on how the application of standards can be fostered.

Reporting on Sustainability

This paper presents the development and an overview of two related professional standards on sustainability reporting. As there is currently no requirement to apply these standards, ’this topic is out of the scope of the present discussion. Corporate reports applying the standards are expected for periods beginning or after 1 January 2024. From a methodological perspective, the paper relies on the due process of the standard setter for developing the standards and analyses of selected contributions. Implications for application and further development are highlighted.

Pathways to IEC Standards for Heliostat Design Qualification and Site Acceptance in Central Receiver CSP Applications

This paper surveys the existing landscape of standards relevant to heliostats, identifies their gaps, and proposes a path forward to a comprehensive set of heliostat guidelines, technical specifications, and standards under the framework of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) TC 117. Gaps in existing guidelines and standards are surveyed using a three-tiered taxonomy: component-level, heliostat-level, and field-level. At each level, the gap analysis is followed by a proposal for a coordinated path forward on the development of standards. At the component level, advances in the understanding of wind loading should inform a technical specification for drives and structures. Reflectors require consolidation of measurement guidelines into existing standards documents. Communications & controls require technical standards to inform their selection and secure implementation. At the heliostat level, IEC 62817 (solar trackers) adequately characterizes drive systems, structures, and electronics, but requires adaptation to heliostats’ use patterns, operating modes, and expected life cycles. IEC 62817 does not address heliostat beam quality and pointing accuracy, but the process for determining both is elaborated in the SolarPACES Guideline for Heliostat Performance Testing. This SolarPACES document requires two main modifications: adaptation to IEC language and inclusion of testing after heliostats which have undergone accelerated weathering and mechanical cycling (to understand performance degradation). At the field level, IEC 62862-4-2 addresses the function and control of heliostat fields but does not cover the statistically rigorous testing of heliostat groups, or field performance factors like security and soiling. The addition of documents under IEC-62862-4 is proposed to address this gap.

Order boundedness and order continuity properties of positive operator semigroups

Relatively uniformly continuous (ruc) semigroups were recently introduced and studied by Kandic, Kramar-Fijavž, and the second-named author, in order to make the theory of one-parameter operator semigroups available in the setting of vector lattices, where no norm is present in general. In this article, we return to the more standard Banach lattice setting – where both ruc semigroups and C 0 -semigroups are well-defined concepts – and compare both notions. We show that the ruc semigroups are precisely those positive C 0 -semigroups whose orbits are order bounded for small times. We then relate this result to three different topics: (i) equality of the spectral and the growth bound for positive C 0 -semigroups; (ii) a uniform order boundedness principle which holds for all operator families between Banach lattices; and (iii) a description of unbounded order convergence in terms of almost everywhere convergence for nets which have an uncountable index set containing a co-final sequence.

Understanding the determinants of household cooking-fuel choice in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Nigeria

Abstract Overreliance on traditional cooking fuels by agricultural households poses a significant obstacle to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 by 2030 in Nigeria. Despite the emerging recognition of remittances as a crucial factor influencing cooking-fuel choices in the energy-transition literature, there is a paucity of studies examining this influence in Nigeria. Using data from 4400 agricultural households sourced from the fourth wave of the Nigerian Living Standard Measurement Survey data sets, this study examined the influence of remittances on cooking-fuel choices, among other factors in Nigeria. Employing descriptive statistics and the multinomial logit regression model, the analysis reveals that traditional cooking fuels, including wood, crop residue and animal dung, continue to dominate the cooking-fuel landscape. The empirical result of the multinomial logit model showed that households that receive remittances are more likely to use modern cooking fuels. Furthermore, wealthier, more educated households with access to electricity are more likely to use modern and transitional cooking fuels than traditional cooking fuels. Based on the findings, the study suggests the incentivization of remittances into the country through the reduction in associated transaction costs and accelerated public infrastructural investment in affordable electricity and good road networks to connect rural areas to gas-supply networks to drive the transition to modern cooking energy. Additionally, educational and awareness campaigns about the health risks associated with traditional cooking energy, particularly indoor air pollution, should be encouraged, especially in rural areas.

Scoping Review with Topic Modeling on the Diagnostic Criteria for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy.

This study is a scoping review. There is a broad variability in the definition of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) and no standardized set of diagnostic criteria to date. We interrogated the Myelopathy.org database, a hand-indexed database of primary clinical studies conducted exclusively on DCM in humans between 2005-2021. The DCM inclusion criteria used in these studies were inputted into 3 topic modeling algorithms: Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), and BERtopic. The emerging topics were subjected to manual labeling and interpretation. Of 1676 reports, 120 papers (7.16%) had well-defined inclusion criteria and were subjected to topic modeling. Four topics emerged from the HDP model: disturbance from extremity weakness and motor signs; fine-motor and sensory disturbance of upper extremity; a combination of imaging and clinical findings is required for the diagnosis; and "reinforcing" (or modifying) factors that can aid in the diagnosis in borderline cases. The LDA model showed the following topics: disturbance to the patient is required for the diagnosis; reinforcing factors can aid in the diagnosis in borderline cases; clinical findings from the extremities; and a combination of imaging and clinical findings is required for the diagnosis. BERTopic identified the following topics: imaging abnormality, typical clinical features, range of objective criteria, and presence of clinical findings. This review provides quantifiable data that only a minority of past studies in DCM provided meaningful inclusion criteria. The items and patterns found here are very useful for the development of diagnostic criteria for DCM.

The Impact of Zhongyong Thinking on Employees Mental Health

Zhongyong is a moral standard set forth by Confucian culture, meaning maintaining neutrality and moderation. Many people tend to have a misunderstanding of Zhongyong thinking, believing that Zhongyong represents compromise and the middle position. They might consider that such thinking is detrimental to healthy mental development. However, Zhongyong thinking is not the same as compromise, and instead it allows the coexistence of contradictions and opposites. After reviewing a series of previous articles on Zhongyong thinking and mental health, it is shown that Zhongyong thinking plays a moderating role in the employees psychological state. Moreover, the factors affecting the influence of Zhongyong thinking on employees' mental health include psychological resilience and psychological security. Ultimately, the review found that one of the main reasons for the moderation of psychological states in the workplace is because it affects emotional regulation and alleviates symptoms of depression and anxiety. Plus, Zhongyong thinking related training also was shown some benefits. A limitation of previous studies is that subjective questionnaires were used to measure the level of Zhongyong thinking and other psychological variables, which could be less accurate. Future research directions could explore how to accurately demonstrate dynamic Zhongyong thinking processes through experimental and longitudinal design.

Geometrical factor, bond order analysis, vibrational energies, electronic properties (gas and solvent phases), topological and molecular docking analysis on Ipriflavone-osteoporosis diseases

Abstract In this research project, a computational assessment of the molecular structure of Ipriflavone (IP) in the gaseous phase was done based on density functional theory (DFT). In the realm of theory, the standard basis set B3LYP is a collection of functions used with linear combinations to produce molecular orbitals, making it simple to compute the molecular structure related to the given compound. With the time-dependent DFT approach, the UV spectra obtained for various solvents were used for examining the electronic transport features. A three-dimensional representation of the molecules that shows the charge distributions and charge-related characteristics of the molecule has the acronym the electrostatic potential map. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) confirmed the compound’s stability and good reactivity. Hyperpolarizability calculations were performed with good non-linear optical (NLO) potent. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was used to explore charge delocalization and the compound’s stability. Topological investigations have been identified to clarify the bonding zones, weakest contacts, and electron energy density. Drug likeness studies were used to promote bioactivities. The outcome of docking tests shows that the ligand under investigation is beneficial at preventing bone loss-osteoporosis. To sum up, this work provides a comprehensive analysis that combines spectroscopic and quantum computational techniques to assess the effect of specific medicinal compounds on solvation and metabolic activity. Strategies for subsequent studies can thus greatly benefit from the knowledge obtained.

Article: Unraveling Friendshoring in the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity and Forging a Novel Form of Standard Setting

The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) signifies an important attempt by the United States of America (US) to establish a strategic presence in the Indo-Pacific region, following its setback in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). The Biden administration actively promotes IPEF as an economic initiative aimed at countering Chinese hegemony in the region, exemplifying the push for friendshoring. Nevertheless, the distinctive architecture of IPEF demands attention, the non-binding commitments not only makes it an appealing initiative for heterogenous interests in the Indo-Pacific region but also heralds a new era of rulemaking in international trade. The article attempts to undertake a nuanced exploration of the growth of friendshoring in the wake of global supply chain disruptions with the examination of IPEF in the Indo-Pacific Region. It further examines the political and economic strategies employed to rebuild trust with Indo- Pacific nations and finally integrate India and US into the network of economic partnerships in the region. Such an exploration facilitates a deeper appreciation of how the non-binding commitments within IPEF usher in a new era of rulemaking in international trade through standard setting, reminiscent of the ‘Brussels Effect’ and ‘California Effect’. friendshoring, IPEF, US, India, supply chains, Indo-Pacific, ESG, standards

Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on the PCAOB’s Proposed Amendments Related to Aspects of Designing and Performing Audit Procedures That Involve Technology-Assisted Analysis of Information in Electronic Form

SUMMARY On June 26, 2023, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the Board or PCAOB) issued a request for comment on its Proposed Amendments Related to Aspects of Designing and Performing Audit Procedures That Involve Technology-Assisted Analysis of Information in Electronic Form (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) 2023a). This commentary summarizes the participating committee members’ views on the proposal. We first provide answers to specific questions posed in the release, viewing the issuance of a new standard as a given. Subsequently, we also examine how well the proposal’s economic analysis establishes a solid foundation for new standard setting.

MAGCDA: A Multi-Hop Attention Graph Neural Networks Method for CircRNA-Disease Association Prediction.

With a growing body of evidence establishing circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely exploited in eukaryotic cells and have a significant contribution in the occurrence and development of many complex human diseases. Disease-associated circRNAs can serve as clinical diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, providing novel ideas for biopharmaceutical research. However, available computation methods for predicting circRNA-disease associations (CDAs) do not sufficiently consider the contextual information of biological network nodes, making their performance limited. In this work, we propose a multi-hop attention graph neural network-based approach MAGCDA to infer potential CDAs. Specifically, we first construct a multi-source attribute heterogeneous network of circRNAs and diseases, then use a multi-hop strategy of graph nodes to deeply aggregate node context information through attention diffusion, thus enhancing topological structure information and mining data hidden features, and finally use random forest to accurately infer potential CDAs. In the four gold standard data sets, MAGCDA achieved prediction accuracy of 92.58%, 91.42%, 83.46% and 91.12%, respectively. MAGCDA has also presented prominent achievements in ablation experiments and in comparisons with other models. Additionally, 18 and 17 potential circRNAs in top 20 predicted scores for MAGCDA prediction scores were confirmed in case studies of the complex diseases breast cancer and Almozheimer's disease, respectively. These results suggest that MAGCDA can be a practical tool to explore potential disease-associated circRNAs and provide a theoretical basis for disease diagnosis and treatment.

The Impact of Tax Avoidance and Environmental Performance on Tax Disclosure in CSR Reports

ABSTRACT This study explores how and why firms voluntarily discuss taxes in corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. Using a textual analysis approach, we analyze 2,984 CSR reports from 22 countries to identify tax disclosures, including instances of firms explicitly relating taxes to CSR (“socially responsible tax disclosures”). We find that on average firms provide limited tax information and tend to use disclosures portraying tax payments as beneficial for society rather than presenting strategies to ensure socially responsible tax behavior. When examining possible influences on firms’ disclosure decisions, we find robust evidence of a negative association between socially responsible tax disclosures and environmental performance, consistent with firms using the disclosures to build or repair reputational capital. We also find some evidence of a positive association between socially responsible tax disclosures and tax avoidance, particularly among U.S. firms. Our results should be useful for standard setters and readers of CSR reports. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: M41; H26; M14.

Study protocol: a core outcome set for perioperative exercise clinical effectiveness trials for lung cancer patients

BackgroundOutcome assessment in perioperative exercise trials for lung cancer is heterogeneous, often omitting those that are important and patient-relevant. This heterogeneity hinders the synthesis of evidence. To address this issue, a core outcome set, an agreed-upon standardized set of outcomes to be measured and reported, is required to reduce heterogeneity among outcome measurements. This study protocol describes the methodology, aiming to develop a core outcome set for perioperative exercise intervention trials for lung cancer in clinical practice.MethodsThe project will follow the standard methodology recommended by the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) initiative, which is divided into four steps. Stage I: Conducting a scoping review of outcomes reported in clinical trials and protocols to develop a list of potential outcome domains. Stage II: Conducting semi-structured interviews to obtain important outcomes for patients. Stage III: Choosing the most important outcomes by conducting two rounds of the Delphi exercise. Stage IV: Achieving a consensus in a face-to-face meeting to discuss the final core outcome set.DiscussionThis is the first project identified for the core outcome set of perioperative exercise trials in lung cancer, which will enhance the quality, comparability, and usability of future trials and positively impact perioperative exercise and the care of patients with lung cancer.Trials registrationCore Outcome Measurement in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Initiative database registration: https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/2091