Sanitary Standards Research Articles

From Salon to Home: The Professional Journey and Challenges of Beauticians

The practice of beauticians providing home services has grown significantly, driven by consumer demand for convenience and personalized care. This study explores the professional experiences of beauticians delivering home services, emphasizing factors such as career duration, continuous training, effective time management, and the diverse challenges encountered. Using descriptive phenomenology, the research delves into the lived experiences of beauticians, revealing that extensive career length, ongoing professional development, and efficient time management are critical to service quality and client satisfaction. However, challenges such as inconsistent product availability, transportation issues, and maintaining sanitation standards in varied home environments complicate service delivery. The study also highlights the importance of innovative marketing strategies, including the use of social media and client referrals, to expand the client base and ensure business growth. Findings suggest that beauticians must navigate logistical complexities and develop robust problem-solving skills to succeed. The study underscores the need for continuous skill enhancement and strategic marketing to maintain competitiveness in the evolving beauty industry. By understanding these professional experiences, the research provides insights that can inform practice, policy, and future research, ultimately benefiting both service providers and clients in the beauty industry.

Эффективность применения кормовой добавки на курах-несушках

Purpose. Efficiency assessment of the use of feed additive with including in the diet of poultry. Materials and Methods. The conditions of keeping poultry corresponded to the sanitary and hygienic standards adopted in the farm on the basis of which the experiment was conducted, and the requirements of industrial cultivation technology. For the poultry, the planting density, microclimate parameters and lighting mode corresponded to the requirements of the cross. Feeding and watering were carried out in accordance with the rations and norms adopted in the farms. Compound feeds intended for poultry of the experimental groups were prepared separately, in accordance with the draft instructions for the feed additive Acidopul L. Results. When weighed on day 60, the average egg weight of the experimental group 1 exceeded the control analogues by 0.38 g or 0.6%, of the experimental group 2 – by 0.50 g or 0.8%. In terms of egg productivity, laying hens of the experimental group 1 exceeded control analogues by 0.38 eggs/head or 2.9%, of the experimental group 2 – by 0.70 eggs/head or 5.4%. According to the results of a biochemical study of the blood serum of laying hens, the control and experimental groups differed in total protein content: in the experimental group 1, the excess was by 4.15 g / l, or 11.5%, in the experimental group 2 – by 2.50 g / l or 6.0%. Over the entire observation period, the safety of livestock in experimental group 1 was 2.7% higher, in experimental group 2 – 3.6%. According to the intensity of pecking, the poultry of the experimental group 1 was inferior to the control analogues by 0.9%, the experimental group 2 – by 1.8%. Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies indicate that the feed additive Acidopul L in the recommended dosage regimen of 1 liter per ton of compound feed (experimental group 1), 2 liters per ton of compound feed (experimental group 2) is able to have a beneficial effect on poultry products in the form of improved livestock safety.

Cultivating Excellence: Formalizing Street Food Enterprises in Bangladesh through Quality Management and Customer Relationship Strategies

Purpose: Street foods are enjoyed by all walks of life throughout the world. It offers a variety of delicacies, easily accessible and affordable. The street food industry in Bangladesh is of no exception. However, street food vendors in Bangladesh typically come from low socioeconomic backgrounds and lack appropriate understanding of good production methods resulting in poor sanitary standards. The purpose of this study is to examine the prospects for sustainability and growth in Bangladesh's street food business since this sector has great economic potential for the country. Approach: Qualitative research approach was employed by interviewing ten street food vendors. The interviewees were asked on a wide range of questions including their history, understanding of quality management, understanding of customer relationship management, planning and delivery, and the regulatory frameworks under which business is conducted (18 questions in all). Findings: The findings reveal that street food vendors are not well-versed in waste reduction, hygiene, or food quality. They have very limited knowledge on how to manage their customer interactions or develop any skills in this area. Formalization of street food business is observed as a key driver towards sustainability and growth for this sector. Originality: This study brings to light the challenges of street food in Bangladesh arising from weakness in quality management and customer relationship management roadmap. Risk management, contingency planning, training, formal licensing, and audits are critical in order to improve industry sustainability.

Моделирование системы очистки сточных вод животноводческих ферм

Among the sources of pollution of surface water bodies from agricultural activities, livestock, pig and poultry complexes can be prioritized, which are uncontrolled and diffuse sources of suspended solids, organic compounds, biogenic elements, heavy metals and pathogenic microflora, which causes biochemical pollution and has a particularly detrimental effect on the state of inland reservoirs. Wastewater from agricultural processing enterprises and household water from rural settlements with unpredictable pollutants play a significant role in pollution. The livestock sector is one of the largest consumers of water. The large number of animals in a confined space, the use of hydraulic harvesting systems when removing their waste products, leads to the formation of manure in significant quantities. Sanitary and hygienic standards in industrial premises are supported with the help of water – animals are washed with it, rooms are cleaned, and they are disinfected, food is prepared, dishes and equipment are washed, manure is washed off with water, and so on. Accordingly, as the demand for water in animal husbandry increases, the volume of wastewater discharge that contains manure into nearby water bodies increases. The effluents that are formed as a result of the activities of the livestock sector are classified as containing a large amount of harmful substances with a high concentration. Depending on the sources of pollution and the main pollutants, technical solutions should be developed to reduce the volume of wastewater and its treatment. The effectiveness of their functioning can be ensured with the help of modern information processing methods, using methods of system analysis of complex objects based on a mathematical description of the technological process. To analyze the state of the treatment system as a whole and predict the development of emergency situations, a software implementation of a wastewater treatment system for livestock farms was created.

Genome-wide identification of gene families related to miRNA biogenesis in Mangifera indica L. and their possible role during heat stress.

Mango is a popular tropical fruit that requires quarantine hot water treatment (QHWT) for postharvest sanitation, which can cause abiotic stress. Plants have various defense mechanisms to cope with stress; miRNAs mainly regulate the expression of these defense responses. Proteins involved in the biogenesis of miRNAs include DICER-like (DCL), ARGONAUTE (AGO), HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 (HYL1), SERRATE (SE), HUA ENHANCER1 (HEN1), HASTY (HST), and HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN 90 (HSP90), among others. According to our analysis, the mango genome contains five DCL, thirteen AGO, six HYL, two SE, one HEN1, one HST, and five putative HSP90 genes. Gene structure prediction and domain identification indicate that sequences contain key domains for their respective gene families, including the RNase III domain in DCL and PAZ and PIWI domains for AGOs. In addition, phylogenetic analysis indicates the formation of clades that include the mango sequences and their respective orthologs in other flowering plant species, supporting the idea these are functional orthologs. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements of these genes allowed the identification of MYB, ABRE, GARE, MYC, and MeJA-responsive elements involved in stress responses. Gene expression analysis showed that most genes are induced between 3 to 6 h after QHWT, supporting the early role of miRNAs in stress response. Interestingly, our results suggest that mango rapidly induces the production of miRNAs after heat stress. This research will enable us to investigate further the regulation of gene expression and its effects on commercially cultivated fruits, such as mango, while maintaining sanitary standards.

The Provison of Leaflet Media, Videos, and PowePoint on Hygiene Sanitation in Food Presentation to Increase Knowledge (Case Study on Traders in East Telukjambe District)

Introduction: Food poisoning can occur if traders do not pay attention to hygiene and sanitation in the food they sell. Good selling facilities and environment must comply with hygiene and sanitation standards, the place must have layout, floors, strong walls, adequate ventilation, adequate lighting, strong roof, and ceiling free from insects and vectors bully. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving leaflets, videos, and PowerPoint media on sanitation hygiene in food serving in increasing the knowledge of traders in Telukjambe Timur Karawang District. Method: This type of research is Quasi Experimental with the Pre-Posttest Group Design research design. In this study, it was divided into 3 groups, namely the leaflet, video, and powerpoint group and was carried out on 1-6 May 2023. The population in this study were roadside food vendors in Telukjambe Timur Karawang District with a total sample of 45 subjects selected purposively. sampling. Measurement of pretest and posttest knowledge used a questionnaire with 14 questions and then analyzed the data using the Paired t-test because the data from the three media were normally distributed. Result: The results in this study were that the p-value on leaflet media was 0.582 (>0.05), on video media was 0.017 (<0.05), and on PowerPoint media was 0.023 (<0.05). Conclusion: The conclusion in this study is that there is an influence on increasing the knowledge of roadside traders regarding sanitation hygiene in presentations using video and powerpoint media. Whereas in the leaflet media there is no effect on increasing the knowledge of traders.

Strategy for the Development of the Street Area Hygiene Sanitation Standards in Astanaanyar Market Bandung

Bandung, as one of the most popular tourism destinations in West Java, offers unique cultural, natural and culinary treasures. However, culinary tourism in Bandung City faces challenges such as the problem of implementing sanitary hygiene, especially for street vendors. This study aims to create a strategy for the development of a street food area with sanitary hygiene standards in Pasar Astanaanyar, Bandung City, focusing on the availability of sanitation facilities and knowledge of food handlers, from the data on facilities and knowledge obtained, appropriate strategies will be formulated to be implemented. The method in this study uses a Likert scale and a multiple choice statement test given to street vendors by analyzing the data descriptively. The results obtained that the sanitation hygiene facilities in Astanaanyar market are categorized as not good with the largest result more than half (87.5%) of traders do not have sewerage facilities, but the knowledge possessed by traders is categorized as quite good regarding personal hygiene , food hygiene and sanitation facilities with the largest average score of 68.75 regarding food hygiene. The conclusion of this study is the need for involvement between the government, the private sector, and the street vendors themselves to develop a hygienic sanitation standardized street vendor area.

THE GROWTH OF ILLEGAL CONSTRUCTION IN THE COASTAL PROTECTIVE STRIPS OF THE STRYI RIVER BASIN

Currently, there is of today, there is practically no information about the current state and land use of coastal protection strips (CPS) and water protection zones in the Stryi river basin. This creates many misunderstandings and abuses during their use and leads to intensive degradation of the ecosystem of both this and other rivers of the Dniester basin into which it flows. Using the Google Earth Pro program, an assessment of the CPS structure in the Stryi River basin was carried out by comparing space images for the past 14 years. The analysis showed that illegal construction within the CPS of the river began after 2009, which creates the danger of possible inundation during floods and the development of erosion processes. This is also a threat to the hydroecosystem of the Stryi River, due to the settlement load on the floodplain, as well as non-compliance with sanitary standards and clogging with household waste.

EVALUASI SISTEM DAN DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN PENGELOLAAN AIR TERPRODUKSI PADA SUMUR X1 PT MGBI LAPANGAN WUNUT

PT Minarak Gas Brantas Inc.'s operations in the Wunut Field involve the production of waste in various forms, primarily liquid waste, with produced water being the most significant type. Proper management of this produced water waste is crucial to prevent environmental pollution and ensure economic and environmental sustainability. The company manages this waste by reinjecting it into the reservoir to prevent groundwater contamination. To ensure the effectiveness of this reinjection process, they have created a groundwater flow pattern map (flow net) at three locations near the injection well: LP1 in Keduung Boto Village, LP2 in Candi Pari Village, and LP3 in Candi Pari Village, all in Sidoarjo Regency. This helps in understanding the potential spread of pollutants in the soil and underground water, aiding in environmental pollution monitoring and managment.The groundwater from this area is used for various human activities like bathing, cooking, and washing. However, based on water quality standards outlined in Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023, the produced water from Well X-1 in the Wunut Field does not meet the required TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) content standards due to a decline in hydrocarbon fluid production, resulting in a separator efficiency of 74,86%. Additionally, lab tests and flow net results indicate that the TDS levels in LP1, LP2, and LP3 do not meet the sanitation and hygiene water quality standards, suggesting potential seepage in these locations that could contaminate groundwater. Keywords: Oil; Gas Produced Water; Gas Separator Eficiency; Groundwater Flow

Epidemic and infection control measures in charitable institutions for children in the 19th — early 20th century (based on the materials from Saint-Petersburg)

Based on the documents stored in archives, here we present the analysis of the evolution of forms of the epidemic and infection control measures in charitable institutions for children in Saint-Petersburg with the deve-lopment of medicine, the introduction of sanitary and hygienic standards, and guidelines based on the acquired experience. The causes of mass infection of the pupils have been identified, which were associated with the lack of well-established daily hygienic practices for pupils, their close contact within the institution, and the presence of visiting caregivers in orphanages who had extensive contacts outside. At the state level, until the end of the 19th century, there were no uniform sanitary norms and rules, as well as specialized schemes for their identification and con-trol. As the analysis shows, this resulted in the fact that the trustee boards of orphanages and doctors assigned to them were forced, sometimes with the help of police, to independently introduce restrictive measures at the ad-ministrative level, determine treatment methods and manage all emerging issues aimed at preserving health of the pupils, while often not having sufficient professional knowledge and experience for this. The documents sug-gest that due to the lack of established diagnostic system, the treatment methods practically did not differ for vari-ous infectious diseases, and the recommendations of doctors for a long time mainly consisted of changing the diet, purifying the air, isolating patients, and burning possessions of sick children. Considering religious education in all charitable institutions, lents and fast days were supposed to be observed, which required the approval of the clergy, who, although as a rule did not create serious obstacles, but granted individual and limited permits. In the beginning of the 19th century, smallpox vaccination began, and such practices gradually expanded thanks to the state and benefactors, but due to the lack of support from church, as well as conservatism and superstition of a significant proportion of parents, they did not become widespread and routine.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА СМЕШЕНИЯ ОСНОВНЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ АДСОРБИРУЮЩЕГО ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОГО СРЕДСТВА

The results of research on the study of the mixing process to develop the basic composition of an adsorbent hygienic product for keeping animals and birds in accordance with sanitary standards are presented. The possibility of using a rotary ball mill as the most effective apparatus for grinding and mixing and a turbulent mixer, ensuring high homogeneity when mixing the main ingredients of mixtures, is investigated. In result of studying the processes of mixing the main ingredients in the preparation of an adsorbent hygiene product in various mixing units, an effective basic composition of an adsorbent hygiene product is obtained. Moreover, the components chalk M-5, attapulgite and synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide, obtained by mixing in a turbulent mixer and corresponding to the required specific surface area of 12000 cm2/g, which will provide the necessary sorption capacity and thereby ensure a reduction in pathogenic microflora in places where farm animals and poultry are kept. The developed basis of an adsorbent hygienic powder product, due to its significant specific surface area, will provide a high degree of moisture absorption and create the required level of sanitary and hygienic conditions for keeping animals and birds. Creating a favorable climate for keeping farm animals and poultry will significantly prevent the proliferation of bacteria, which will entail a significant reduction in the consumption of antibiotics when raising farm animals, reduce the level of unpleasant odors, and provide a dry environment for keeping animals and birds

SUBSTANTIATION OF CHANGES IN THE CERTIFICATION OF THE TRACTOR DRIVER’S WORKPLACE IN MODERN MACHINE-TRACTOR UNITS

The study aims to identify possible changes in the working conditions of tractor drivers under the computerisation of workplaces and to develop proposals for changing the requirements for sanitary standards in the design of tractors and agricultural machinery. The article analyses the impact of modern technologies on the working conditions of tractor drivers in agriculture. It investigates various aspects of work, including using on-board computers, air conditioning, and satellite navigation, and their impact on workers’ health. The authors consider health risks, such as increased noise levels and work with on-board computers, and reveal the lack of consideration of these aspects in regulatory documents. In particular, we have found that using on-board computers significantly simplifies the process of controlling agricultural machinery but can lead to increased noise and vibration levels, negatively affecting workers’ health. Some studies have shown that prolonged work with on-board computers can lead to the development of occupational diseases, such as musculoskeletal disorders, impaired vision, and others. In addition, air conditioning in tractor cabs can cause colds due to sudden temperature changes and increase the risk of legionella infection due to the water condensation accumulation in ventilation systems. The research also found that the legal and regulatory documents governing the working conditions of tractor drivers do not consider the use of modern technologies, which creates gaps in worker protection. Regulatory documents should contain requirements for the parameters of monitors and their placement in the working area of tractor drivers in agricultural production, such as adjusting the reflectivity of the screen, the main adjusted visual characteristics of monitors, and the location of video terminals in the tractor cab without being directly in the line of sight. It is necessary to develop measures to prevent the overwork of tractor drivers. Regulations should include rules for the use of air conditioners, as well as for cleaning air conditioning ducts and replacing filters on time. The general conclusion is that there is a need to strengthen the regulation of tractor drivers’ working conditions and to include requirements for using modern technologies in the relevant regulations. These measures will ensure the safety and health of workers in agriculture and reduce the risk of occupational diseases. Keywords: machine-tractor unit, tractor driver, workplace certification, labour protection, video terminal.

Factors affecting Bangladeshi high school students' practices of sanitation and hygiene

Background: Better sanitation and hygiene standards are beneficial for preventing infections, limiting the spread of pathogens, and fostering overall health in educational environments. On the other hand, not much is known about school-student's hygiene and sanitation habits. The purpose of this study is to identify and comprehend the variables that affect students' behavior related to sanitation and hygiene in classrooms. Method: This study was carried out at the Katiadi Government High School, a high school in a Bangladeshi upazilla town. An exploratory qualitative study design, based on the Integrated Behavioral Model for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (IBM-WASH) was used. Before utilizing them, the effectiveness and clarity of the semi-structured interview guides were tested, which included questions about behavior, access, and practices related to sanitation and hygiene. Result: The students had quite low sanitation and hygiene practices despite having a reasonable level of awareness and knowledge. Sanitation and hygiene practices were influenced by a wide range of interrelated factors, which also affected one another. Contextual factors (lack of upkeep and cleanliness, availability of sanitary products), socio-behavioral factors (norms, peer influence), and individual factors (gender awareness, perception, and sense of health benefits). Conclusion: To advance improved sanitation and hygiene practices among school students, multi-level interventions such as regular delivery of WASH-related materials and agents, promotion of low-cost WASH interventions, quality cleaning services improvement, close observation of cleaning activities, individual hygiene behavior promotion, and introduction of gender-sensitive WASH infrastructure and construction may be helpful.

Assessment of products of anaerobic fermentation of organic raw material from poultry last by microbiological indicators

The product of anaerobic microbiological transformation of bird droppings is a liquid suspended product (digestate), the composition of which is characterized by new chemical features acquired due to the activity of anaerobic microorganisms. This process takes place in biogas plants, and as a result of methane fermentation of bird droppings, biogas and residues of organic raw materials are formed, which are used as fertilizer. The international practice of using digestate as an organic fertilizer or soil improver for the farm’s own needs is similar to classic composts and does not require sanitary and microbiological certification, but there are voluntary certification standards, as well as various industry guidelines on the quality of organic fertilizers. The work analyzes international and national sanitary microbiological standards regarding digestates, products of processing by-products of animal husbandry and organic substances for application to the soil, in particular Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 of the European Parliament and the Council of June 5, 2019 «On establishing rules for placing fertilizers on the market EU», DSTU 7527:2014 «Poultry droppings. Technologies of biological processing. General requirements», DSTU 7938:2015 «Organic fertilizers. Agronomic requirements for the quality of fertilizers for use in organic production». Information from scientific articles, standards of individual countries and guidelines of international voluntary certification bodies regarding the assessment of digestate applied to the soil as an organic fertilizer or soil improver is summarized. It has been established that mandatory sanitary microbiological characteristics for such substances are Salmonella bacteria (Salmonellas spp.) and Escherichia spp. bacteria, as well as the standards of some countries and scientific literature recommend determining Coliform bacteria and Streptococ-cus faecalis bacteria, the presence of which indicates the possible presence of potentially dangerous strains of microorganisms. With the use of laboratory equipment, the granulation conditions of the solid fraction of the digestate were optimized to obtain granulated organic fertilizer from the sludge of the biogas plant. A microbiological analysis of granulated digestate from a biogas plant on bird droppings was carried out in order to establish its compliance with the sanitarybacteriological requirements for organic fertilizers. The presence of pathogens of infectious diseases in poultry droppings and the presence of phytopathogens in grain, which is used for the preparation of premixes, increases their probable migration into the composition of organic fertilizer in case of improper methane fermentation with violation of temperature and exposure conditions. Microbiological analysis of granulated digestate showed the absence of Salmonellas spp. and Escherichia spp. bacteria in the studied samples, but a high number of mold fungi 1.2·104±7.25·102 CFU/g was found, which may be a consequence of storage wet raw materials. In order to prevent microbiological contamination during the storage and transportation of raw materials and organic fertilizers, a necessary condition is compliance with sanitary requirements for all technological processes, starting from the conditions of keeping and feeding animals to the conditions of storage of finished products and application to the soil. The content of harmful microorganisms in the digestate of biogas plants operating on bird droppings or animal manure without litter or the addition of plant residues and chemicals depends mainly on the quality of the droppings and water. The quality of raw materials affects the quality of the digestate and is determined by the sanitary-epidemiological condition of animals and premises, microbiological contamination of feed, pre-treatment of raw materials for loading to the biogas plant. It was established that the granular digestate from bird droppings meets the requirements of Ukrainian standards DSTU 7527:2014 regarding organic fertilizers from poultry droppings and DSTU 7938:2015 regarding organic farming, which allows for further substantiation of optimal application technologies. To control the secondary bacterial contamination of organic raw materials during the storage process, the effectiveness of the use of commercial biological preparations was evaluated. The perspective of using commercial microbial preparations, in particular MycoHelp, to control mold fungi of the genus Penicillum spp. in the technologies of processing by-products of agriculture into organic fertilizers and preventing spoilage of finished products during storage.

PROBLEMS OF RATIONING THE CONTENT OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS IN SOILS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE

Ratuioning of the content of hazardous substances in soil as an object of environmental protection in the Russian Federation is provided by a set of normative acts establishing the principles of assessment, approaches to the use of soils of varying degrees of anthropogenic transformation, the level of their pollution, at which the responsibility of the land user for violation of legislation on soil protection occurs. The analysis of normative acts shows that the most stringent pollution regulation system has been established in Russia, which is based on determining the compliance of the content of chemical elements and compounds in soils with sanitary and hygienic standards in the territories of settlements and agricultural lands. On other lands, as a standard, the excess of which leads to the onset of economic responsibility for pollution, the value of the concentration of the pollutant in the adjacent territory of a similar purpose and type of use, which is not adversely affected by a specific type of violation, is applied. At the same time, chemical elements and compounds are considered as pollutants, regardless of their origin, degree of danger and biological significance. The application of this approach within the framework of law enforcement practice creates significant problems in establishing the fact of negative impact, calculating the amount of damage from pollution, and developing measures for soil remediation. Thus, the current regulations consider as pollutants substances of natural origin, including those that ensure soil fertility and are applied with mineral and organic fertilizers. The use of the background level of substances as the maximum permissible value does not take into account the natural variability of elements and compounds in soils, as well as the errors of their chemical analysis. The excessive rigidity of the applicable standards is the reason for the increased costs of soil remediation measures. The way out of this situation is to revise the rationing system, taking into account the biological significance of elements and compounds, and the need to introduce a multi-level system of soil quality indicators. There is a need to improve the conceptual framework as part of regulatory documents on soil protection.

Zarażenia pasożytami jelitowymi u polskich żołnierzy rozmieszczonych w Kosowie

Introduction and objectiveSoldiers of the Polish Military Contingents currently stationed in foreign countries serve under difficult environmental conditions. Military service abroad is associated with the risk of importing infectious pathogens back to soldiers’ home country. The aim of the study was to assess the current prevalence of infections caused by intestinal parasites in soldiers from the Polish Military Contingent Kosovo serving as part of the Kosovo Force operation in the Balkans.Material and methodsParasitological diagnostics was carried out in June 2023 in a group of 221 soldiers from the Polish Military Contingents Kosovo stationed in several military camps across the country. Each participant was asked to provide three stool samples collected at 2–3-day intervals. Faecal examinations were performed using three different light microscopy testing methods (direct smear, decantation, flotation) at the Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Medicine at the Military Institute of Medicine – National Research Institute.ResultsIntestinal parasites, all of protozoan aetiology, were found in 28 out of 221 Polish soldiers taking part in the Kosovo Force operation in Kosovo included in the study (0.9% participants were infected with <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> and 11.7% with potentially pathogenic parasites, <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. and <i>Dientamoeba fragilis</i>). There were no infections with nematodes, cestodes or trematodes among the study participants. No correlation was found between the detection of a parasitic infection and the presence of diarrhoea or other gastrointestinal symptoms within six months prior to the study. The analysis demonstrated that infections with protozoa were most often found in soldiers aged 35–45 years old. As for the military ranks, the rate of infections in each corps (privates, non-commissioned officers, and officers) was similar.ConclusionsCases of intestinal parasitic infections in soldiers from the Polish Military Contingent Kosovo could be associated with the effects of environmental conditions (poor standards of sanitation in the areas of deployment) and failure to comply with disease prevention principles (food and feed hygiene).

Development and implementation of vibroseismic protection of buildings and structures from external dynamic loads

The article considers the results of vibration dynamic tests of the vibration acceleration levels of a vibration insulated reinforced concrete slab and floors of a residential building, which have confirmed the effectiveness of the seismic vibration isolation system using rubber elements. The registered levels of vibration accelerations in residential premises on different floors do not exceed permissible levels according to sanitary standards, which ensures comfortable living conditions in the presence of dynamic influences. To determine the actual vibration levels of the soil and piles vibration and dynamic studies were carried out. Based on the results of these studies, numerical calculations were carried out to determine the compliance of the predicted vibration levels in residential premises with the existing sanitary standards when they are exposed to real anthropogenic loads.

Development of a Framework to Improve the Provision of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Healthcare Facilities of Mwandi District in Western Province

Healthcare facilities (HCFs) require safe water, sanitation, hygiene, environmental cleaning, and waste management (WASH) in the provision of quality services to promote, restore, maintain, and improve health. However, the unavailability of studies on the challenges and opportunities of WASH services in HCFs of Mwandi District has limited the potential for improved health care and quality of life. Without proper elucidation, this has the potency to dissuade women from using HCFs for childbirth and healthcare, potentially increasing maternal mortality rates. To examine the challenges and opportunities in accessing safe WASH services in HCFs in Mwandi District, more of Qualitative techniques were utilized to gather data from 8 HCFs in Mwandi District. This involved initial observations employing the WASH Status Checklist, followed by focus group discussions with expectant mothers and 23 key informant interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The results showed that only half of the investigated facilities provided basic water services, hampered by water salinity issues. Even though most facilities had improved sanitation facilities, they, however, do not meet the basic sanitation standards. This was primarily due to issues such as corroded pipes, insufficient accessible toilets for people with disabilities, and the absence of menstrual hygiene facilities. Many facilities lacked gender-segregated staff facilities. Most of the facilities had functional hand hygiene facilities but also did not meet the basic standards due to a lack of soap for hand washing. A significant number encounter inefficiencies in cleaning protocols, and the majority face poor infrastructure conditions. The findings further revealed that these challenges stem from inadequate prioritization and funding for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) initiatives. The existing knowledge often concentrates on individual components, the findings stress the necessity for an integrated approach that collectively addresses water supply, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management. This holistic perspective can significantly contribute to the development of more effective guidelines and policies, offering a nuanced understanding of the interconnected nature of WASH components. Furthermore, the research sheds light on the pivotal role of localized political will, specifically highlighting the influence of Health Centre Advisory Committees (HAHC) in shaping governance at the community level, especially concerning WASH projects. The study offers a comprehensive overview of challenges and sustainability opportunities related to WASH services, crucial for their effective functioning. It emphasizes the necessity for heightened awareness and increased budget allocation for the sustainable maintenance of WASH services

Production of fish feed by the aquaponic method

Aquaponics is one of the most efficient agricultural production systems; however, there is limited data on its level of effectiveness. The purpose of the research was to study the germination of wheat grain as aquaponic food for herbivorous fish in an aquaponic installation. The experimental production of aquaponic food for herbivorous fish grown in polyculture (carp, grass carp, black carp, silver carp) was studied by the method of wheat grain germination. In an aquaponic device, you can not only grow plants, but also germinate their seeds before planting in the ground. Water is saturated with oxygen due to continuous flow (3.5% more than in a pool without an aquaponic device). This is a positive factor for the growth of fish and energy savings while reducing the duration of the oxygen generators. In addition, the use of an aquaponic device provides favorable conditions for growing plants and fish with a significant reduction in the cost of installation of structures and a decrease in the cost of its operation. An increase in the germination of wheat grain during its germination in an aquaponic installation by 2.0% was established; increase in the length of sprouts during germination - by 27.5%; root length - by 32.2%; increase in the content of crude protein – by 2.2%; vitamin B2 - by 6.1%; carotene – by 4.6%. Hydroponic feed safety indicators were within the limits of sanitary and hygienic standards. The results of this study for the production of hydroponic feed for herbivorous fish directly in the fish farm show that in the production of valuable fortified vegetable environmentally safe feed, it is advisable to use the aquaponic method using water saturated with nutrients.

Aggregation state manipulation of small-molecule iron-based coagulant hydrolysates for efficient nanoplastics removal

The pH value significantly influences the aggregation state of coagulant hydrolysis products, thereby impacting coagulation performance. However, prevailing methods primarily focus on regulating the initial pH of water bodies before coagulation (pre-coagulation pH regulation), posing challenges in controlling the aggregation morphology of coagulant hydrolysates and resulting in suboptimal NPs removal efficiency and elevated residual coagulant levels in water. In this study, we herein propose a novel in-coagulation pH regulation approach to manipulate the aggregation states of Fe3+-based hydrolysates, thereby markedly enhancing the NP removal efficiency. Specifically, the Fe3+ coagulant exhibits exceptional coagulation performance at a low dosage of 0.1 ∼ 0.2 mM, achieving removal efficiencies of 97.6 % and 93.5 % for polystyrene NPs with sizes of 500 nm and 100 nm, respectively. Moreover, the post-coagulation and sedimentation supernatant shows an ultralow residual Fe concentration of less than 0.1 mg/L, compliant with Chinese drinking water sanitary standards (GB 5749–2022). Such outstanding performance can be attributed to the structural transformation of Fe3+ hydrolysates from the low-branching linear structure to the high-branching cross-linked network, shifting the coagulation mechanism from the adsorption bridge to sweep coagulation, thus significantly enhancing coagulation efficiency. Furthermore, this strategy proves applicable to the Al3+ coagulants, indicating its great potential for practical implementation in drinking water treatment.