Standard Policy Research Articles

LBMON198 Improving Knowledge And Implementation Of Healthcare Transition (HCT) Policy And Procedure For Transgender And Gender Diverse (TGD) Youth At The UCSF Child And Adolescent Gender Center (CAGC)

Abstract Introduction The UCSF CAGC has served TGD youth since 2009. Increased referrals coupled with an expanding young adult patient population has resulted in longer wait times and an increased need for transition to adult care services. As part of an ongoing quality improvement initiative to develop an equitable HCT program tailored to the unique needs of TGD youth at the UCSF CAGC, we developed and aimed to improve provider knowledge of a standardized policy and procedure for HCT from pediatric to adult gender care. Methods CAGC providers received training in 11/2021 on the HCT policy and procedure, including a standardized method to identify patients with whom to initiate HCT discussions. Providers completed pre- and post-training surveys evaluating knowledge and confidence regarding HCT practices. Knowledge was assessed with yes/no questions and confidence with 5-point Likert scales (1 = lowest, 5 = highest). Pre- and post-survey results were compared using proportions tests for dichotomous outcomes and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for confidence levels. To evaluate effectiveness, baseline data on % of eligible TGD youth seen in the UCSF CAGC in 1-2/2021 with "Counseling for transition from pediatric to adult care provider" (Z71.89) added to their problem list in the electronic medical record were collected and compared to % of eligible TGD youth with Z71.89 added to their list the 4 consecutive months following the training session. Results Nine and 7 CAGC providers completed the pre- and post-training surveys, respectively. Knowledge increased in all areas although not all were statistically significant: Age limit for new patient referrals (78% to 100%, p = 0.18), upper age limit at which patients must transition to an adult provider (56% to 100%, p = 0. 04), standardized method to track patients with whom HCT discussions have been initiated (0% to 100%, p = 0. 0001), and list of criteria for assessing HCT readiness (11% to 100%, p = 0. 0004). Confidence increased in identifying patients with whom HCT has been initiated (median 2 to 4, p = 0. 02) but not in identifying patients ready to initiate the HCT process (median 4 to 4, p = 0.43). The % of eligible TGD youth seen in the UCSF CAGC with Z71.89 added to their problem list increased from 0% at baseline to 72%, 82%, 86%, and 90% in the 4 months consecutively following the training session. Conclusions Our findings indicate that standardized training led to increased provider knowledge, participation, patient identification, and implementation of HCT program policy and procedure tailored to our TGD youth population. Future initiatives will include collaboration with adult gender centers to transition TGD youth to adult care services and to evaluate the experiences of TGD youth and providers who receive them. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

Hospital managers’ views on the state of patient safety culture across three regions in Ghana

BackgroundImproving patient safety culture in healthcare organisations contributes positively to the quality of care and patients’ attitudes toward care. While hospital managers undoubtedly play critical roles in creating a patient safety culture, in Ghana, qualitative studies focussing on hospital managers’ views on the state of patient safety culture in their hospitals remain scanty.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the views of hospital managers regarding compliance to patient safety culture dimensions in the selected hospitals in the Bono, Greater Accra, and Upper East regions of Ghana.MethodologyThis was a qualitative exploratory study. A purposive sampling of all hospital managers involved in patient safety practices was conducted. The sampled managers were then invited to a focus group discussion. Twelve focus group discussions with each consisting of a maximum of twelve participants were conducted. The ten patient safety culture dimensions adapted from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s patient safety culture composite measures framed the interview guide. Deductive thematic content analysis was done. Lincoln and Guba’s methods of trustworthiness were applied to ensure that the findings are valid and reliable.FindingsPositive patient safety culture behaviours such as open communication, organisational learning, and strong teamwork within units, were an established practice in the selected facilities across Ghana. Lack of teamwork across units, fear of reporting adverse events, the existence of a blame culture, inconsistent response to errors, extreme shortage of staff, sub-standard handover, lack of management support with resources constrained the patient safety culture. The lack of standardised policies on reporting adverse events and response to errors encouraged managers to use various approaches, some resulting in a blame culture. Staff shortage contributed to poor quality of safety practices including poor handover which was also influenced by lateness to duty.ConclusionPrompt and appropriate responses by managers to medical errors require improvements in staffing and material resources as well as the enactment of standard policies across health facilities in the country. By so doing, hospital managers would contribute significantly to patient safety, and help build a patient safety culture in the selected hospitals.

Family Hope Program Strategy in Improving the Welfare of the Mandalling Natal Community (Case Study: Social Service Mandalling Natal)

Education is the process of influencing learnes to adapt to the environment and can bring about changes in borth within and within the community. However, the scarcity of economics precludes schooling and even dropouts because they help families make ends meet. The study aims to know the implementation of policies and obstacles in the hope family program The study employs qualitative methods in which it is descriptive that give a clear picture of the problem at hand. Data collection techniques through interviews to informants who know information about the implementation of PKH policy, literature studies, observation, and documentation to support the results of the interview. The study shows tha the implementation of executive policy PKH has been seen from the few factors which are standard and target policy, human reseources and money reseources, executive agent PKH characteristics assist the recipient well, executive organization communication is well established, the social, economic, and political environment supports PKH. The study is based on the fact that the economic growth in the country will be affected mainly by education, with the existence of so- called debtors, it is possible to send their children to school even if there is a problem.

Development and Implementation of an Evidence-Based Pregnancy Screening Protocol in an Academic Radiation Oncology Department

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> National guidelines give broad recommendations for which patients should be screened and timing of screening. Previous survey of ASTRO member institutions indicated that approximately 30% of centers did not have a clear pregnancy screening protocol. In this department, screening was done on the basis of individual physician clinical judgement. The purpose of this project is to develop an institutional protocol that defined patient criteria and timing for pre-radiation pregnancy screening in patients and to compare rates of screening before and after policy implementation. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> A review of both radiation oncology and OB/GYN literature was performed with attention to risks of radiation to the fetus, current pregnancy screening protocols, and women at risk for pregnancy. Our institutional protocol defined the "at risk" population as female patients age 12-50 with intact reproductive organs. Contraceptive use was not considered an exclusion from screening. Screening would not be required for boost simulations or replans. Screening had to be performed within 30 days of CT simulation. Our policy was implemented 10/1/21. All CT simulations from 1/1/18-9/30/21 were reviewed. The medical record of patients meeting screening criteria was reviewed in further detail to establish the baseline screening rate. The medical records of patients meeting screening criteria from 10/1/21-1/31/22 was reviewed to establish an adherence rate after implementation. <h3>Results</h3> From 1/1/18-9/30/21, a total of 5,107 CT simulations were performed. Of these, 414 were performed on women age 12-50. 49 had prior removal of reproductive organs. This left 365 women as the baseline population. Screening occurred per the newly developed protocol in 189 of these women (51.8%.) There was one positive test. Retesting was negative, and the patient proceeded with treatment. An additional 64 patients underwent screening deviating from our current protocol. This included testing within 3 months but greater than 1 month from the date of CT simulation as well as screening after the date of simulation but prior treatment initiation. 112 of 365 women did not have documented pregnancy screening prior to CT and treatment initiation (30.6%). After the implementation of the screening protocol on 10/1/21, a total of 403 patients underwent CT simulation through 1/31/21. Of these, 34 were women age 12-50. 7 had prior removal of reproductive organs. Of the remaining 27 patients, 25 underwent screening per protocol (92.5%). One patient was 49 years old and refused testing. The other was tested before the initiation of therapy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our conclusion is implementation of a pregnancy screening protocol in an academic medical center radiation oncology department improved the screening rate for women at risk for pregnancy prior to radiation treatment planning. The use of a standardized policy eliminates inter-provider variation and improves patient safety.

Modifications to student quarantine policies in K-12 schools implementing multiple COVID-19 prevention strategies restores in-person education without increasing SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk, January-March 2021.

ObjectiveTo determine whether modified K–12 student quarantine policies that allow some students to continue in-person education during their quarantine period increase schoolwide SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk following the increase in cases in winter 2020–2021.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of COVID-19 cases and close contacts among students and staff (n = 65,621) in 103 Missouri public schools. Participants were offered free, saliva-based RT-PCR testing. The projected number of school-based transmission events among untested close contacts was extrapolated from the percentage of events detected among tested asymptomatic close contacts and summed with the number of detected events for a projected total. An adjusted Cox regression model compared hazard rates of school-based SARS-CoV-2 infections between schools with a modified versus standard quarantine policy.ResultsFrom January–March 2021, a projected 23 (1%) school-based transmission events occurred among 1,636 school close contacts. There was no difference in the adjusted hazard rates of school-based SARS-CoV-2 infections between schools with a modified versus standard quarantine policy (hazard ratio = 1.00; 95% confidence interval: 0.97–1.03).DiscussionSchool-based SARS-CoV-2 transmission was rare in 103 K–12 schools implementing multiple COVID-19 prevention strategies. Modified student quarantine policies were not associated with increased school incidence of COVID-19. Modifications to student quarantine policies may be a useful strategy for K–12 schools to safely reduce disruptions to in-person education during times of increased COVID-19 community incidence.

Country Comparison of Central Bank Policies - Quantitative Easing as a Useful Tool or Overrated Policy

The goal of the paper is to determine the effectiveness of quantitative easing in comparison with standard monetary policy methods. For this purpose, the analysis of time series and relative indices, regression and Arima analysis are used. Necessary secondary data for the analysis was obtained from national banks. Different responses have been recorded; however, they should lead to several goals, in particular to price stability based on an increase in inflation contributing to economic growth and so on. Based on the results, it can be concluded that non-standard central bank measures do not explicitly have a significantly greater or better effect on the change in price level or on economic growth. If the expected effect does not occur to the extent anticipated or required, it is advisable to find other possible ways for central banks to respond to potential economic cycles. This could mean, for example, better or closer cooperation in the field of monetary and fiscal policies in times of crisis.

ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT'S ELECTRONIC MONEY POLICES IMPACT ON THE PEOPLE OF TEBING TINGGI CITY'S DECISION ON ELECTRONIC MONEY USAGE

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of government policy related to electronic money on the decisions of the people of Tebing Tinggi to use electronic money in transactions. There are at least five important government policies related to the usage of electronic money, namely policies for non-cash payment providers registered with Bank Indonesia (BI), policies for applying limits for electronic money storage balances, payment standardization policies, policies for electronic money as a substitute for tickets and policies for disbursing electronic money balances. This research was conducted to the people of Tebing Tinggi with 399 samples. Sampling using simple random sampling technique. The type of data used in this study is primary data collected using questionnaire. Methods of data analysis is using multiple linear regression analysis method. The results of the analysis show that the policies of non-cash payment providers registered with BI, policies for applying limits on electronic money storage balances, payment standardization policies, and policies for partial disbursement of electronic money balances have a positive and significant impact on the decision of the people of Tebing Tinggi to use electronic money. Meanwhile, the electronic money policy as a substitute for tickets has a positive effect but not significant.

The Impact of Structural Reforms on Sustainable Development Performance: Evidence from European Union Countries

The European Union (EU) is a unique economic integration organization with standard policies that seek common goals among members, such as convergence and sustainable development. It aims to become a climate neutral economy by 2050. With structural reform implementation, each EU member country can work towards these set goals in accordance with their own welfare. However, a trade-off between the individual welfare goals of a country and the common goals of the EU should be reached. This article analyzes the impact of structural reforms on sustainable development performance in European countries. The article contributes to a gap in the literature because, to date, previous research has examined the effects of structural reforms on economic or environmental measures in groups of nations but has often lacked an adequate sustainable development context. In addition, the clustering of European Union countries according to different social policy regimes requires clarification of the perceptions and knowledge about the influence and usefulness of structural reforms for sustainable development performance. The research uses the panel data of the Heritage Index of Economic Freedom and Sustainable Development Goals agenda from the Eurostat database. The data cover 27 countries of the European Union for a period of 11 years (2010–2020). The research panel includes 297 observations. We found different results regarding the influence of structural reforms on sustainable development performance under different social policy regimes and the regulatory trap for homogeneous sustainable development in the European Union. The paper provides original empirical evidence and specifies the targets of structural reforms in relation to sustainable development. The results provide guidance for policymakers to develop more appropriate and efficient sustainable development policies.

Development of alcohol control law, Sao Tome and Principe.

The World Health Organization (WHO) African Region is struggling with increasing harm associated with alcohol consumption. Legislators of Sao Tome and Principe, concerned about this harm and the high prevalence of alcohol use disorders, designed a comprehensive alcohol control bill to tackle this situation. Input into the design of the bill was obtained through interviews involving many stakeholders. The process had five phases: (i) scoping the problem to understand the social burden of the harm caused by alcohol consumption; (ii) updating the evidence on alcohol policies and identifying areas for legislative interventions; (iii) drafting the bill; (iv) aligning the legislative framework of the bill; and (v) initiating the parliamentary procedure. The new bill scored 92/100 using a standardized alcohol control policy scale. The bill covers all domains of WHO’s 2010 global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol, and includes the three most cost-effective interventions for reducing alcohol consumption: increased excise taxes on alcohol; bans or comprehensive restrictions on exposure to alcohol advertising; and restrictions on the availability of retailed alcohol through reduced hours of sale. The National Assembly plenary session upheld the bill, which is now under evaluation of the specialized First Commission on Political, Legal, Constitutional and Ethical Affairs. Approval of the bill requires the final voting once it is back with the National Assembly and its promulgation by the President. Drafting an alcohol control bill which is country-led, inclusive, evidence-based and free of interference by the alcohol industry helps prioritize public health objectives over other interests.

S1484 Paracentesis Team: An EPIC Chat Opt-In Group for Hospital Procedures

Introduction: At our institution, a lack of certified providers able to perform a bedside paracentesis has led to increased utilization of interventional radiology for both diagnostic and therapeutic paracenteses. With increased turnover of providers and low numbers of hospitalists able to perform the procedure, minimal supervision existed to train and certify new providers in paracenteses. Through a hospital initiative, a paracentesis team was formed, led by both hospitalists and certified residents, to increase the number of certified providers able to perform this procedure. Methods: To pair providers together for training as well as to expedite patient care through timely paracenteses, an EPIC Chat Opt-In group was created in September 2021 titled “Medicine Paracentesis Priority List.” Any provider in the hospital could message the group requesting a paracentesis be completed. Providers in the chat could then offer to perform or to supervise another provider. Patient charts were saved for data collection. Requests to interventional radiology first were directed to the paracentesis team instead. Results: Prior to the intervention, there were only 3 hospitalists and 3 certified residents available to supervise the procedure. Over the course of the 8 months, around 70 paracenteses were performed through chat request, and 10 new providers completed the minimum 5 paracentesis to become certified. A total of 30 different providers performed the procedure. Less than 10 needed to be referred to interventional radiology due to unsafe bedside paracentesis. There were 30 inpatient IR paracentesis in the 6 months prior to intervention, and 33 in the 6 months after start (Figure 1). However, March (month 7 after intervention) saw 0 paracenteses completed by IR, with only 5 in the past 3 months (months 5-7). Conclusion: The creation of a paracentesis team accessible through an EPIC Chat Opt-In group has increased certification of hospital providers and led to multiple beneficial outcomes for the hospital. Total numbers of Interventional Radiology paracenteses have stayed the same, followed by a sharp decrease over months 5-7, suggesting a lag period. Additional outcomes were centralized collection of paracentesis materials and standardized policies for performing the procedure and escalating care to IR. With our hospital support and continued growth of certified providers, we expect this intervention to lead to improved hospital outcomes and many more certified providers.Figure 1.: Interventional Radiology and Internal Medicine inpatient paracentesis numbers from our intervention starting September 2021.

Peer effects in local government decision-making: Evidence from urban environmental regulation

• There are significant peer effects in urban environmental regulation (UER) in China. • Cities with higher intensity of environmental regulation have larger peer effects. • The internal learning effect of cities weakens the peer effects of UER. • The external learning effect and competition mechanism strengthen the peer effects of UER. • Exogenous shocks have significant impact on the peer effect of UER. This paper is the first to introduce the theory of peer effects to explain the interactive behavior of urban environmental regulation (UER). We construct a spatial autoregressive (SAR) model including lagged terms of the dependent variable using panel data of 284 cities in China from 2003 to 2019. The results show that: (1) there are significant peer effects of UER among geographically, economically, and administratively related cities, and the highest peer effects is found among geographically adjacent cities. (2) Cities with higher intensity of environmental regulation have larger peer effects and are more likely to be imitated. (3) The internal learning effect of cities weakens the peer effects of UER, while the external learning effect and competition mechanism strengthen it. Exogenous shocks such as the new environmental regulation standard policy, innovation-oriented city pilot work, and the opening of high-speed rail all have a significant impact on the peer effects of UER. The study suggests the central government guides the positive interaction of local governments’ environmental regulations to promote regional pollution control.

EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMAL DI PUSKESMAS NAGRAK KABUPATEN SUKABUMI

ABSTRACT Minimum service standards (SPM) are provisions for public services to meet all citizens’ basic needs. Based on observations and interviews conducted with several informants in this study, it was stated that the implementation of health services at the Nagrak Health Center, Sukabumi Regency, had not achieved the fulfilment of targets by the provisions of the SPM, meaning that the Nagrak Health Center had not met the standards in its services. This study intends to evaluate the Minimum Service Standards policy at the Nagrak Health Center, Sukabumi Regency. The research method used by the researcher is qualitative. In the setting of the informants, the researcher used purposive sampling, which consisted of 9 informants. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques that will be used in this research are data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The results showed that the MSS policy was very appropriate by providing a good impact on the Nagrak Health Center, the community, and the relevant Government.

Optimization of depreciation subsidy policy strategies for electric two-wheelers for improving traffic safety

Abstract To improve the traffic safety of electric two-wheelers (ETW), China has promulgated ETW standardization policies. This policy requires local governments to take measures to guide the illegal ETWs out of use. Governments have implemented a depreciation subsidy scheme to encourage users to scrap illegal ETWs early. When designing the subsidy scheme, effectively improving the ETWs' traffic safety at the road network level while saving government expenses is essential for the sustainable implementation of the policy. This study proposes an optimization method for depreciation subsidy design incorporating traffic safety evaluation. Based on the policy scheme, this study formulates a risk assessment model for the ETW traffic network to characterize the effect of the subsidy on improving safety. Then, we use the bi-level programming approach to model the subsidy strategy design problem. The upper-level problem reflects the goal of policymakers to maximize safety improvement and minimize government expenses. The lower-level problem describes the route choices of ETW users. The optimal subsidy design under different safety-expense trade-offs is analysed based on the Nguyen and Dupuis network and a real network extracted from Changsha City in China. The results show that specific subsidy schemes effectively improve road safety without a large government spending. When the market price or service life of ETWs increases, the government spending on the same safety goal increases. The government should comprehensively consider the safety effect of financial expense and the situation of the local ETW market before selecting reasonable subsidy strategies.

Policy, technical change, and environmental efficiency: Evidence of China's power system from dynamic and spatial perspective

Feed-in tariff (FIT) and renewable portfolio standard (RPS) policies have been implemented to facilitate wind and solar power technologies with the aim of achieving sustainable development in power system. It is essential to study how efficient these policies are in accelerating technical progress and how efficient the power system is in balancing development and environmental protection. Dynamic network data envelopment analysis and the global Malmquist productivity index are first employed to study the environmental efficiency and technical progress, after which a dynamic spatial Durbin model is applied to analyze the impact of policies on technical progress. The results reveal that both FIT and RPS lead to technical progress which is the main driving force in environmental efficiency improvement, but that RPS performs better than FIT. From a spatial perspective, the adjacent regions usually show similar characteristics in technical progress. Therefore, future policy design should carefully consider the regional agglomeration effects and should effectively strengthen the implementation of RPS policy.

A Method of Improving College Students’ Physical Fitness Test Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Information Fusion

For the evaluation of college students’ physical health, the t -test, one-way ANOVA test, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and other methods were used to establish the models of back generation test, ANOVA, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; and Matlab, Excel, VBA, and other software programming were used to derive the significant influence of body weight on college students’ physical health, no significant difference of students’ physical health in different places of birth and the comprehensive score of college students’ physical health. The results such as the comprehensive score of health evaluation were used to analyze the physical health test results of college students in Zhuzhou city colleges and universities in the context of the promulgation of the new Student Physical Health Standard and several higher school sports policies by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to comprehensively grasp the physical health condition of students and provide reference for school sports reform and students’ physical exercise. Conclusion. The current situation of physical health of college students in Zhuzhou City is less satisfactory, and most of the students’ physical test results are concentrated in the passing area, with fewer students with excellent and good proportions. The policy changes, system construction, implementation, and students’ attitudes were analyzed, and solution measures were proposed to intervene in time to turn the situation around and improve students’ physical health.

Implementation of E-Warong Program

In the implementation of the BPNT program in Wonomlati Village in terms of standards and policy objectives it has not been effective enough, because there is still an inaccuracy in the target recipients of assistance, as well as the timeliness of aid delivery. The results of this study indicate that the measurement of the success of the implementation of the non-cash food assistance program in Wonomlati Village which is said to be effective is a resource indicator because the resources can run well because the service providers can help make it easier for the community to obtain good services, the characteristics of the implementing organization in this case can work. with unity and in the established procedures that are appropriate so that they can achieve the same goal, the attitude of the implementers in this e-warong program is good, this can be seen from the role of officers who are very selective in determining the people who receive the BPNT program, communication between organizations running quite well so that there is no difference in the data of BPNT recipients, and the socio-economic and political environment can be said to be effective because it can help the community's economy. While one indicator in the implementation of the non-cash food assistance program that has not been achieved is the standard indicators and policy targets, because there are still delays in receiving aid which causes confusion and queues in taking aid at the specified e-warong.

INSTITUTE OF MILITARY RISKS INSURANCE: IMPLEMENTATION OF NORMS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION

Topicality. In almost all historical eras there have been attempts to reduce the misery caused by armed conflicts. The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which began with the occupation of Crimea in February-March 2014, the hybrid war in Donbas since April 2014, and the open full-scale armed invasion on February 24, 2022, is not an exception, and is accompanied by an unprecedented destruction of the Ukrainian civilian population, including children, the destruction of Ukrainian cities, cultural and spiritual values forces the leadership of the country and ordinary people, in search of international protection, justice and punishment of the aggressor, to appeal to the norms of international law, regarding the search for compensation mechanisms for damages caused by using the possibilities of the insurance institute.Acquaintance with the foreign experience of conducting international insurance business will allow to form the prerequisites for the implementation of Ukraine's strategic course for integration into the global economic space. After all, the functioning of the insurance market of Ukraine in conditions of strengthening globalization and integration processes, trends of capital concentration in the financial sector of the economy determines the need to improve the methodical support of the functioning of the risk management system in insurance companies, taking into account world experience and military aggression from the Russian Federation.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to contribute to the formation of fundamental knowledge regarding the peculiarities of conducting international insurance business and the functioning of the military risk insurance institute, its problems and modern trends, organizational-legal and financial-economic bases of activity and peculiarities of the implementation of international types of insurance and reinsurance for financing military risks, international experience of using financial instruments, forms of interaction between the insurance market and the capital market, the foundations of banking and insurance groups as institutions of the international insurance market.Research results. The implementation of the norms of international law covers various spheres of activity, starting from the adoption of legislative measures and ending with practical issues, for example, the implementation of certain methods and means of compensation for damages.The War Insurance Institute traces its origins to World War I legislation that created the agency to supplement the inadequate war insurance then available in the commercial insurance market. This agency, the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, had the authority to insure American vessels, freight, cargo, and crew against loss or damage caused by the risks of war. This agency was later abolished and its merchant shipping functions were taken over by the Maritime Administration, Department of Commerce.Risk is a concept that is universal in everyday use. It is simply an expression of the potential of a certain action to result in a certain loss. Risk is a combination of the probability of an event and its consequences. awareness of the consequences of various actions or events is clearly necessary to make informed decisions about public safety. If the core of a nuclear reactor melts down, there will be a massive release of radioactivity. Even if it were contained to a nuclear plant, the public trauma would cause pressure to shut down the nuclear industry, as happened in Japan. This key paradigm, which has been highlighted in the risk literature for more than half a century, shows that awareness of the probability of an adverse event should also be important to decision makers.War risk insurance is an insurance policy that provides financial protection to the policyholder against losses due to events such as invasions, insurrections, riots, strikes, revolutions, military coups and terrorism.Conclusion. The possibilities of insurance companies are also limited in the context of compensation for losses from hostilities. The Government of Ukraine should work on this complex issue. Carry out work on the assessment of losses that have already been caused or may be caused in the future in order to have grounds for bringing the aggressor to justice. The Russian Federation must pay. Also, the mechanism needs to attract international assistance to create a Fund from which compensation will be paid. The creation of such a Fund guarantees the coverage of losses of vehicles - wagons, planes, barges, etc.The Institute of Military Risk Insurance needs to focus on the following conclusions: military risk insurance is the coverage of losses arising from such events as war, invasion, insurrection, riots, strikes and terrorism; military risk insurance is offered as a separate policy, as it is excluded from standard insurance policies due to high risks; companies operating in high-risk countries are good candidates for military risk insurance; military risk insurance is often excluded from standard policies due to the inability of insurance companies to accurately predict losses and, therefore, charge appropriate premiums.

Establishing effective warning storage to derive optimal reservoir operation policy based on the drought condition

The conventional discrete hedging model is connected to a drought early warning system (DEWS) and a new concept called effective warning storage (ES). To prepare the desired model, an optimization model (genetic algorithm method) is connected to a simulation model to simultaneously search for threshold values (rule curves) and rationing coefficients as well as ES-related coefficients in the reservoir system of the Jarreh Dam located on the Zard River in southwestern Iran. The advantage of this method over conventional hedging models is that it responds earlier to drought periods and starts rationing earlier. With the application of the proposed rationing model, the objective function i.e., modified shortage index (MSI) in the historical period is better optimized about 6 % than the conventional rationing method, which shows the superiority of the new model in adjustment of large deficiencies and its distribution in other normal periods. The impact of the proposed method on the objective function in the future period is found to be small (about 1 %). It is mainly due to the drastic reduction of inflow to the reservoir in the future period (both in scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), so that the needs won't be fully met in most of the months. The results show that with the application of the proposed hedging policy, the objective function (MSI) in the historical period and also in the scenario of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 is improved by 45 %, 21.3 % and 25.7 %, respectively, compared to the standard operation policy (SOP) method. Also, with the application of the hedging policy, the vulnerability of the system has been greatly improved in both the historical and future periods compared to the SOP method. System vulnerability decreases from 0.64 to 0.24 in the historical period while it changes from 0.62 to 0.44 and from 0.6 to 0.41 for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios.

WORKSHOP MACHINE LEARNING KLASIFIKASI TUMOR OTAK PADA CITRA MRI MENGGUNAKAN CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK DAN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

The brain is one of the organs that very important role for humans. Brain tumors can be a threat for humans. So that The researchers developed a CNN method that was tested effective for detecting brain tumors. CNN is a method that is quite popular, in its application it is used for image classification and several other image processing cases. CNN can be used to detect and recognize objects in an image better on an Artificial Neural Network. In addition, many researchers also use the SVM method, SVM can be applied to perform pattern recognition in the case of image processing. Brain tumors can be caused by the spread of cancer in parts of the other body. According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO) brain cancer accounts for less than 2% of other cancers, but the severe morbidity and resulting complications are enormous. Brain cancer requires multidisciplinary treatment, so a professional standard policy is needed for optimal treatment. This activity proposes a Machine Learning Workshop on Brain Tumor Classification in MRI Imagery using CNN and SVM, in CNN activities can be divided into several parts such as CNN modeling, data preprocessing, building, and implementing CNN models in The SVM teaches how to build a hyperplane. This activity was delivered by expert speakers in their fields from alumni of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Renewable portfolio standard: When does it play a positive role?

This study focuses on investigating the interactions between an energy supplier and a grid operator under the renewable portfolio standard (RPS) policy. The energy supplier produces both green power and thermal power for the grid operator, who in turn is obliged to provide each type of power to the end consumers. The cost of generating green power is faced with a learning-by-doing effect. Several interesting results are obtained. First, the change trend of the electricity supplier's and grid operator's profits with the quota obligation is non-monotonic. Second, interestingly, with the increase of quota obligation, green power consumption may decrease and thereby increase carbon emissions. Third, both the grid operator's profit and the green power consumption levels can be increased through a higher operation cost. Our findings reveal the importance of considering the grid operator and learning-by-doing effect when improving the utilization rate of renewable energy.