Standard Deviation Formula Research Articles

Description of Historical Awareness of Class XII Social Sciences Students in High School

Purpose of the study: This research aims to find out which indicators of historical awareness are still low for class XII Social Sciences students and the causes of these low indicators of historical awareness. Methodology: This research is included in descriptive research where data is collected to explain solutions to current problems based on data. The research location is at State High School 1 Pariangan, Pariangan District, Tanah Datar Regency. The objects of this research were 60 students of class XII Social Sciences State High School 1 Pariangan. Data collection was carried out through distributing questionnaires. Data analysis techniques use percentage analysis, frequency distribution, data centering using the mean, median and mode formula, and data variation analysis using the standard deviation formula. Main Findings: Based on the analysis obtained, it shows that in general the picture of historical awareness of class XII Social Sciences students is in the very high category, namely 88.33%. However, not all class XII Social Sciences students meet the very high category. If you look at the percentage of each indicator, students' historical awareness is already high. If you look at the seventeen items, thirteen items are high, there are four items that are not high enough, namely past experience items that are believed to be able to solve the problems faced. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research provides insight into students' historical awareness, shows contributions to the understanding of specific issues at the high school level, and offers directions for further improvements in history learning. Although students' general level of historical awareness is high, there are still areas that need further attention and improvement. This can be a basis for designing interventions or educational programs that focus more on indicators that are still low.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Debt Collector Berprestasi Di PT. Wahana Ottomitra Multiartha Medan Menerapkan Metode SMARTER

An outstanding debt collector must have presence, honesty, teamwork and achievement to improve the debt collector's performance. Problems in selecting outstanding debt collectors at PT. Wahana Ottomitra Multiartha Medan is an election team that finds it difficult to carry out elections quickly and accurately. The decision making technique in the SMARTER (Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique Exploiting Ranks) method is based on the theory that each alternative consists of a number of criteria that have values ​​and each criterion has a weight that describes how important it is compared to other criteria. Application of the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique Exploiting Rank method for selecting outstanding debt collectors at PT. Wahana Ottomitra Multiartha Medan provides an accuracy of 23% using the relative standard deviation formula. It is hoped that to overcome this, a Decision Support System for Selection of Outstanding Debt Collectors at PT was built. Wahana Ottomitra Multiartha Medan Implements the SMARTER Method which will be designed using Visual Basic 2008 and using MySQL. In the Visual Basic design, a calculation and ranking process will be produced

Research on the Development Trend and Application of VIX Index

This research paper focuses on providing a comprehensive understanding and introduction to the VIX index. The history of the VIX index, its applications, and related products are systematically analyzed. It also derives the formula for the VIX Index (the volatility index introduced by the CBOE) using the standard deviation formula. A detailed explanation includes example data using Excel to calculate the VIX index for a particular day, an analysis of the error scenarios generated, and ways to improve it. Studying the VIX index helps us better understand today's financial investment situation and analyze investments in a case with VIX index criteria.

Optimal Portfolio Construction Based on Markowitz Model

The appearance of Markowitz Model significantly improves the way investors optimize their financial portfolio, allowing them to reduce the collective risks of different assets and further maximize the profitability of their portfolio. This article aims to discuss and analyze the feasibility of Markowitz Model in practical cases as the definition of this mean variance model leans to the theoretical aspect of the finance like efficient market and rational investors. The data that applied to this study will be ten stocks from different types of companies and a market-capitalization index S&P 500. By utilizing the expected return and standard deviation formula, the efficient frontiers, minimum variance frontiers and max Sharpe portfolio are calculated respectively. Then simulating the practical limitations through applying five distinct constraints on the original results to take a glance at the performance of Markowitz Model in real cases. At last, discussing the restrictions of this theoretical model based on the data from this study and evidence that claimed by predecessor is necessary for demonstrating the preciseness. By comparing and contrasting the data under ideal situation and real cases, it reaches to the conclusion that the investors do gain higher returns and more optimized portfolio by means of the Markowitz Model.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH SKIMMING AND SCANNING TECHNIQUES AT THE TENTH GRADE OF SMA

This research is conducted at the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 7 Manado in the academic year of 2020-2021. It aims to find out the effectiveness of skimming-scanning techniques in improving students’ reading comprehension. The researchers choose descriptive text in this research. The researchers take one class consists of 29 students as the sample. To reach the objective of this research, the researchers employ pre-experimental design for one class consists of pre-test, treatment, and post-test. The whole procedure isconducted via online due to the pandemic era. The researchers use several formulas such as mean score formula, standard deviation formula, and t-score formula to calculate the result. The mean score of pre-test is 68.79 and the mean score of post-test is 84.48. The hypothesis of this research shows that the t-score is higher than the t-table which means that there is an improvement in students’ reading comprehension after they got the treatment. According to the results, the researchers try to draw a conclusion that the use of skimming-scanningtechniques is effective in improving students’ reading comprehension and these two techniques are proper to be applied in the learning process.

Research on the Global Equlty Index Model

In the current situation, the earth ' s resources will be exhausted one day. There are tens of thousands of asteroids in the universe. According to the current scientific research, the asteroid mining industry has its advantages. However, how to mine and in what proportion to distribute mining profits in various countries is the key to promoting global equity. Therefore, based on the reality of different levels of development in various countries, our goal is to establish a Global Fair Index to measure the degree of equity, and use this index as a standard to realize the practical problem of asteroid mining promoting global equity. First of all, we define global equity as that low-score weak countries have more opportunities to reach the average level, and advantageous countries should allocate economic resources to low-score countries to achieve global equity. To measure global equity, we introduce typical countries and regions with different levels of development (countries and regions included in the G20) to establish standard world models. Through the theory of hierarchy need, global equity is divided into Sanitation & Safety, Economic development, social equity, Education & Technology, Sustainable development, Five dimensions. Secondly, we develop a Global Fair Index Model to measure the degree of global equity. Combined with Five Demand Level, through the Entropy Weight Method, the weight of different levels is calculated, and then the Entropy Weight Method and TOPSIS Evaluation Model are used to calculate the satisfaction score of the Five Demands Level of each country. By calculating the average score of each country's demand satisfaction, the Global Fair Standard Point (0.025862938) is obtained. Each country can compare with the Global Fair Standard Point to understand its position in the global average demand level, that is, the definition of low-score weak countries and advantageous countries. Then, drawing on the standard deviation formula, we calculate the composite score reflecting the degree of satisfaction of countries ' needs over a period of time (point) on the discreteness of the global equity standard point, that is, the Global Fair Index. (The lower the Global Fair Index, the smaller the international differences, which means that the world is more equitable.)

Effects of Gas Diffusion Layer Porosity Distribution on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

The effect of the porosity change of the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) along the cell length on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is evaluated using the calculation model and the numerical method. A detailed analysis of the polarization curve, temperature distribution of the cell center surface, cathode material, and current distribution law is carried out for six different porosity models. It is found that the influence of the GDL porosity on the fuel cell polarization curve increases with the increase in current density, and the influence reaches the maximum at the limit current density. The limit current of the fuel cell is directly proportional to the GDL porosity, and the change of GDL porosity has limited influence on it. The existence of the porosity gradient improves the uniformity of the material and current density distribution on the cathode side. The same conclusion can be obtained using the standard deviation formula to quantitatively express the degree of uniformity. The results show that the existence of the GDL porosity gradient of the PEMFC cathode has a positive effect on the cell performance.

PATTERNS OF INCREASING STUDENT MOTIVATION AND LEARNING INTEREST THROUGH LECTURER COMPETENCIES AT UNISKA KEDIRI

Kediri Islamic University (UNISKA) Kediri Is a Private Higher Education Institution organized by a Foundation that is composed based on overall science and technology or following Islamic guidance. The campus is a formal educational institution that has the responsibility to continue to educate students by organizing lecture activities as a realization of the vision and mission and goals of education. The method used in this study is classroom action research that is a systematic study of improving the implementation of educational practices by lecturers by taking actions in learning based on their reflection on the results of those actions. This Classroom Action Research uses a quantitative design to collect and analyze data in the form of numbers using the Population Standard Deviation Formula. The data in this study used a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms to the Population Amount. The purpose of this research is to find out the lecturers' competence in Islamic religious subjects towards student learning interest, to find out the increase in student motivation towards learning interest in Islamic religious subjects, to find out positive responses to student questions about lecture material that can link science and Islam in lectures on motivation and learning interest of students of the Faculty of Engineering UNISKA Kediri in First Semesters of the academic year 2019/2020. Based on the results of a questionnaire with a population of 156 students and 122 respondents, which were tested at less than 75% shows a score of three, which means there needs to be an improvement in improving the competence of religious lecturers and building student motivation and interest in learning.

Statistical inference for multiple change‐point models

AbstractIn this article, we propose a new technique for constructing confidence intervals for the mean of a noisy sequence with multiple change‐points. We use the weighted bootstrap to generalize the bootstrap aggregating or bagging estimator. A standard deviation formula for the bagging estimator is introduced, based on which smoothed confidence intervals are constructed. To further improve the performance of the smoothed interval for weak signals, we suggest a strategy of adaptively choosing between the percentile intervals and the smoothed intervals. A new intensity plot is proposed to visualize the pattern of the change‐points. We also propose a new change‐point estimator based on the intensity plot, which has superior performance in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art segmentation methods. The finite sample performance of the confidence intervals and the change‐point estimator are evaluated through Monte Carlo studies and illustrated with a real data example.

Optimized biometric system based iris-signature for human identification

This research aimed at comparing iris-signature techniques, namely the Sequential Technique (ST) and the Standard Deviation Technique (SDT). Both techniques were measured by Backpropagation (BP), Probabilistic, Radial basis function (RBF), and Euclidian distance (ED) classifiers. A biometric system-based iris is developed to identify 30 of CASIA-v1 and 10 subjects from the Real-iris datasets. Then, the proposed unimodal system uses Fourier descriptors to extract the iris features and represent them as an iris-signature graph. The 150 values of input machine vector were optimized to include only high-frequency coefficients of the iris-signature, then the two optimization techniques are applied and compared. The first optimization (ST) selects sequentially new feature values with different lengths from the enrichment graph region that has rapid frequency changes. The second technique (SDT) chooses the high variance coefficients as a new feature of vectors based on the standard deviation formula. The results show that SDT achieved better recognition performance with the lowest vector-lengths, while Probabilistic and BP have the best accuracy.

Agresivitas Siswa SMP di Yogyakarta

The phenomenon of behavior hurt others as if no longer a new story. The act of attacking directly or indirectly leads to criminal acts that can injure the victim either physically or psychologically. This study aims to provide an overview of aggressive behavior in junior high school students. This research is a descriptive research with a quantitative approach. This research uses data collecting tool in the form of aggressiveness scale. Subjects in this study were junior high school students consisting of DIY. Subjects were taken by using simple random sampling technique. This research uses data analysis technique with standard deviation formula. The results of this study indicate the aggressiveness of junior high school students in DIY in very high category of 1%, high category 13%, moderate category 37%, low category 43%, and very low category 6%. Keywords: Aggressivities, Behaviour.

Parents` Perceptions of the Importance of Early Childhood Education District Pasar Rebo

This study aims to look at the extent to which the parents perception of the importance of early childhood education (ECD) in Pasar Rebo. Subjects were 105 parents of children aged 3-6 years, both of which have got in early childhood education services or who have not received services in early childhood education or early childhood education service of others. This study uses a quantitative approach and the data collection methods used are questionnaires through the distribution of scores perception of parents using standard deviation formula. The results showed that parents' perceptions of the importance of early childhood education is very important category, 24%, 28% important, 48% fairly important, not important 0%, and 0% very important. The results of these studies indicate that parents do not fully understand that early childhood education is important as an important foundation of individual life in the future. Perception can direct the attitudes and behavior of parents so that when the perception of parents on the importance of positive early childhood education, parenting can be carried out in accordance with the stages of its development.

STRATEGI MNEMONIC UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS VI SEKOLAH DASAR (Studi Eksperimen Terhadap Siswa Kelas VI SDN Sinarjati Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016)

Learning achievement in this research is the acquisition value of evaluations of students in social studies. The main problem in this research whether mnemonic strategies can improve student learning achievement in social studies class VI SDN Sinarjati. The main objective of this research is to improve learning achievement IPS using mnemonic strategies. The method used to solve the problems of this research using an experimental method. Researchers designed this study into two stages: a preliminary study and application of mnemonic strategies. The instrument used to collect data increase learning achievement IPS that the questionnaires and evaluation sheets. Data were netted from the researcher's analysis instrument by measuring symptoms roman center with average and variance analysis with a standard deviation formula. These results indicate that the achievement of social studies in experimental class is higher than the control class indicated by the average value of the evaluation. Acquisition of the average value of the material in the Indonesian archipelago with the first letter on the method of experimental classes 66.9 85.5 while the control class, foreign ministers of ASEAN countries by using keywords in the experimental class 61.9 to 92.7 while the control class, materials continent in the world with locations in class experimental method 95.5 64.3 while the control class, the material wonders of the world with a method to connect at 96.2 whereas the experimental class control class 66.9, material capital of the ASEAN countries with pegs on the class experimental method 95, 5 whereas 69.3 and material control class currency ASEAN countries with a story to the class experimental method 95.0 68.6 while the control class. Besides the standard deviation of the experimental class is higher than the control class, it shows that the values obtained in the experimental class are more varied than the control class. Based on these results the researchers recommend for teachers to apply mnemonic strategies in the hope students can improve academic achievement.

Risk Seeking or Risk Aversion? Phenomenology and Perception

We relax assumptions on individual risk preference, and set two theoretical rules for portfolio choices: either minimize or maximize risk, for any return. Risk is modeled by four alternative formulas. We empirically test these rules by observing N=690 individuals (Caucasians, bank customers and financial professionals, aged 18-88), while making risky decisions, with measurement of Skin Conductance Response. Two perspectives are assumed to evaluate portfolio efficiency: individuals uniquely consider 'money'; or they experience a 'subjective' perception of money. We find a large dominance of risk-seeking behaviors, if observed through the phenomenology of money, independently from the risk measure used. Conversely, the same individuals appear risk averter, when values include the subjective experiences, and risk is assumed to be mentally projected with standard deviation formula. These results are consistent for sub-groups of individuals, by gender, age, education and profession. Implications are severe, as a sign of unawareness of behavior under risk.

PERSEPSI PETANI PADI TERHADAP KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI DESA SUKARAMI KELURAHAN TABA PENANJUNG KABUPATEN BENGKULU TENGAH

Agricultural development is an important and integral part of national development. It is evident from the self-sufficiency of rice in 1982. The success of agricultural development is inseparable from agricultural extension activities as a social innovation that aims to change the behavior of people (farmers) to always be ready and able to master and apply each alternative innovations that can be used to improve farm productivity (Mardikanto, 1991). Extension activities can be run if the farmer who supports that goal by holding counseling can be delivered and realized. In this study, researchers wanted to examine the perceptions of paddy farmers towards agricultural extension activities in the Sukarami village, Taba Penanjung, Middle of Bengkulu Regency. The research was conducted in June - July 2013 in Sukarami village, Taba Penanjung, of Middle Bengkulu regency. Sampling was performed with a standard deviation formula involving 36 people from the 182 sample respondents. Necessary data were taken from two sources namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained directly from respondents by conducting interviews based on questionnaires that have been prepared. Secondary data were taken from previous data like from the village office and others agencies associated with this research. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the perception of farmers on agricultural extension activities are good because it can increase the farmers knowledge, skills, motivation and farm productivity.Keywords : Perceptions, Farmers, Agricultural Extension.

Evaluation of the type A uncertainty in measurements with autocorrelated observations

Described is the proposal of application of the GUM uncertainty type A evaluation to measurements with auto-correlated observations. The first step to it is the identification and cleaning of the raw sample data from the regularly variable components. Then formulas for standard deviation of the sample and of the mean value are expressed with the use correction coefficients or the so-called "effective number" of observations. These quantities depend on number of observations and on the sample autocorrelation function and allow to calculate the expanded uncertainty due to the GUM recommendations. The method of estimation of autocorrelation function for the sample data is also given. Considerations are illustrated by examples.

Does group composition affect learning by invention?

Schwartz and Martin (Cogn Instr 22:129–184, 2004) as well as Kapur (Instr Sci, this issue, 2012) have found that students can be better prepared to learn about mathematical formulas when they try to invent them in small groups before receiving the canonical formula from a lesson. The purpose of the present research was to investigate how the effectiveness of invention activities may be mediated by composition of the small groups in terms of their mathematical skills. In two studies, small groups of undergraduates engaged in an “inventing standard deviation” task. Results suggested that groups may need at least one member with high math ability to take advantage of “learning by invention”. Groups consisting of both high and low math ability members generated a broader range of solution attempts during the invention task, and this seemed to be related to better uptake of the standard deviation formula from a later lesson.

Sebaran dan Kemelimpahan Burung Layang-Layang Asia (Hirundo rustica Linn.) di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Asian Swallow Bird (Hirundo rustica Linn.) representing one of the type of bird migran which is spread over in almost entire all earth. This Bird type in Java and Bali represent the common winter visitor met in all height. Information of concerning this animal existence in Yogyakarta very minim, last data about existence and amount of Asian swallow bird population in Yogyakarta in reporting in the year 1996 and till now there is no researcher reporting the species existence in Yogyakarta. This Research study about abundance population and distribution Asian swallow bird at season of migration of September 2003 - March 2004 in all region Yogyakarta. Research conducted in all region of Province of Special Region of Yogyakarta consisted by 5 sub-province, that is Sub-Province Sleman, Sub-Province Bantul, Sub-Province Kulonprogo, Sub-Province of Gunung Kidul and Municipality D.I. Yogyakarta. Parameter measured in this research is estimating an abudan of population and location of distribution population. Data intake of is amount of population conducted by direct enumeration, whereas intake of distribution data conducted by noting the name of location and geographical position. Data of result of research obtained in compiling in tables, is later then made by graph of population fluctuation and ploted in map of pursuant to co-ordinate finding of Asian swallow bird individual. To know diffraction resulted by a population enumeration, will be counted with the standard deviation formula. Result of perception indicate that full scale of Asian swallow bird population during a period to migration reach the maximum value equal to 32.579 that happened at third week of November 2003 and amount of biggest population is concentration in jl. K.H. Ahmad Dahlan and jl. Senopati, area Malioboro, Municipality Yogyakarta, that is equal to 28877 36,91. Sub-Province Bantul represent the area which is at most met by the Asian swallow bird location.

Adjusting Winning-Percentage Standard Deviations and a Measure of Competitive Balance for Home Advantage

One measure of sports league competitive balance uses a ratio: the standard deviation of team winning percentages is divided by the so-called ideal standard deviation, which assumes a game between evenly-skilled teams is equally likely to be won by either team. In fact, a team is more likely to win when playing at home than when playing on the road. The extent of this advantage differs across sports leagues. Home advantage reduces the variability of season-long team records. Ignoring home advantage biases upward the traditionally measured ideal standard deviation and bias downward the ratio of standard deviations. The authors derive a balanced league standard deviation formula that accounts for home advantage, use it to recompute the ratio of standard deviations for major sports leagues, and consider how the adjustment affects comparisons of competitive balance across those leagues.

Experimental evaluation of the omnidirectional behavior of platonic polyhedron loudspeakers

Many architectural acoustics measurements require the use of an omnidirectional source. For several years, the source predominantly used for such applications has been the dodecahedron loudspeaker with small in-phase drivers mounted in each face. While other platonic polyhedron loudspeakers (PPLs) have not been used as frequently, they also produce nearly omnidirectional fields over limited bandwidths. Above cutoff frequencies specific to their geometries, all PPLs depart from ideal omnidirectional behavior, with varying degrees of directivity. While these cutoff frequencies are typically higher for higher-order polyhedra, they commonly fall within the bandwidths of standard measurements. The five types of PPLs have been constructed and measured to gain greater insight into their omnidirectional behaviors. Their frequency responses were taken at 2664 points over a sphere (5-deg polar and azimuthal angle increments) in an anechoic chamber. The measurements were then processed to produce directivity balloon plots. However, to better compare directivities and find the source consistently producing the most omnidirectional field over a useful bandwidth, a frequency-dependent standard deviation formula was implemented. Average values of the standard deviation parameter produce figures of merit that further characterize omnidirectionality. [Research supported by funding from the NSF REU program.]