Standard Block Research Articles

Swin-TCNet: Swin-based temporal-channel cascade network for motor imagery iEEG signal recognition

Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) can record neuronal activities in different brain areas by placing strip or mesh electrodes on the surface of the brain. Benefiting from the high temporal and spatial resolution of iEEG signals, iEEG-based motor imagery has gained great attention, and made significant progress under the frameworks of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). However, both CNN- and RNN-based methods have limitations in perceiving the long-range global dependencies of local features in time and spatial dimensions. To exploit the temporal and spatial relationship of iEEG signals, we propose a Swin-Based Temporal Cascade Channel Network (Swin-TCNet) for motor imagery classification tasks, which is composed of three modules: Temporal-Swin (TS), Channel-Swin (CS) and Classifier. The TS and CS modules respectively extract the global dependencies of iEEG signals in the time and channel dimensions, and the Classifier assigns the class labels to the inputs. In addition, we introduce a Temporal-Channel Swin (TC-Swin) block instead of the standard Swin block to effectively reduce the computational complexity. We validate our model on the public imagined handwriting movement dataset collected by Stanford University. The experimental results demonstrate that our model can raise the classification accuracy by 2%–9% compared with 6 state-of-the-art models.

Indicators as a Foundation of Eco-Labelling of Baked Clay Construction Products in the Republic of Serbia

Construction products based on brick clay have been intensively used for the construction of buildings in the Republic of Serbia. The basic raw material for the manufacture of these products is brick clay, which is a natural mineral resource. However, the natural origin of clay provides no guarantees as to whether this group of construction products is eco-friendly. The production of baked clay construction products significantly affects the environment and cannot be neglected. The existing eco-labels used for this group of products are not uniform, in the world or in Serbia. The aim of this paper is to present a new approach to eco-labelling of construction products based on baked clay in the Republic of Serbia. Eco-labels can be given to products which meet certain authentic criteria. The criteria is based on an innovative set of 24 indicators which connect the production of construction products and the impact on the environment. Indicators were defined for the most commonly used construction products—facade brick, standard block and energy block. The research was conducted on leading producers of baked clay construction products in three regions—Northern Serbia, Western Serbia and South Pomoravlje. The obtained results indicate that one of the producers meets the criteria for innovative eco-labelling. The remaining two producers do not meet the requirements for the eco-label at the moment because there is not enough available data on the grounds of which certain indicators could be valued in a more complete manner. The data are unavailable to third parties because they are treated as a trade secret. Further research and an upgrade of the indicator set would create an opportunity to expand the number of baked clay construction products which could obtain the eco-label based on indicators.

Quantum rebound attacks on reduced‐round ARIA‐based hash functions

AbstractARIA is a block cipher proposed by Kwon et al. at ICISC 2003 that is widely used as the national standard block cipher in the Republic of Korea. Herein, we identify some flaws in the quantum rebound attack on seven‐round ARIA‐DM proposed by Dou et al. and reveal that the limit of this attack is up to five rounds. Our revised attack applies to not only ARIA‐DM but also ARIA‐MMO and ARIA‐MP among the PGV models, and it is valid for all ARIA key lengths. Furthermore, we present dedicated quantum rebound attacks on seven‐round ARIA‐Hirose and ARIA‐MJH for the first time. These attacks are only valid for the 256‐bit key length of ARIA because they are constructed using the degrees of freedom in the key schedule. All our attacks are faster than the generic quantum attack in the cost metric of the time–space tradeoff.

Combination of Endobronchial Ultrasound and Modern Cytological Diagnosis in Patients With Intrathoracic Lesions

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of endobronchial (EBUS) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in cytomorphological verification of a malignant process using the transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) of the lymph nodes and mediastinal organs.Materials and methods: In 2017–2019 we analyzed the cytological samples (standard and cell block) of 172 patients (115 males and 57 females) with an average age of 61 years (25–82 years) in the clinical diagnostic laboratory of Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Krasnodar, Russian Federation). Of them 111 were used for immunocytochemical analysis. The majority of the studies (77) were performed in patients with lung cancer in order to identify the stage of the disease. We used combined bronchoscopy under general anesthesia in the operating room with high-frequency ventilation and a rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE).Results: We found the lymph node and mediastinal invasion in 140 (81%) patients who underwent EBUS-EUS TBNA. The non-diagnostic results were obtained in 32 (19%) patients. The combination of EUS and EBUS with TBNA showed the highest effectiveness in the mentioned clinical cases. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the cytologic analysis during EBUS and EUS with TBNA and no ROSE were 89%, 100%, and 90%, respectively. ROSE reduced the rate of non-diagnostic results and increased the sensitivity (96%), specificity (100%), and accuracy (97%) of the cytologic evaluation.Conclusions: According to the obtained results, we recommend using EBUS-EUS TBNA modalities for morphological verification of the mediastinal lymph nodes as a routine invasive diagnosis component of the preoperative evaluation in patients with lung cancer.

A Small Target Pedestrian Detection Model Based on Autonomous Driving

Since small-target pedestrians account for a small proportion of pixels in images and lack texture features, the feature information of small-target pedestrians is often ignored in the feature extraction process, leading to reduced accuracy and poor robustness. To improve the accuracy of small-target pedestrian detection and the anti-interference ability of the model, a small-target pedestrian detection model that fuses residual networks and feature pyramids is proposed. First, a residual block with a discard layer is constructed to replace the standard residual block in the residual network structure to reduce the complexity of the model computation process and solve the problems of gradient disappearance and explosion in the deep network. Then, feature selection and feature alignment modules are added to the lateral connection part of the feature pyramid to enhance important pedestrian features in the input image, and the multiscale feature fusion capability of the model is enhanced for small-target pedestrians, thereby improving the detection accuracy of small-target pedestrians and solving the problems of feature misalignment and ignored multiscale features in the feature pyramid network. Finally, a cascaded autofocus query module is proposed to increase the inference speed of the feature pyramid network through focusing and querying, thus improving the performance and efficiency of small-target pedestrian detection. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves better detection results than previous models.

Rehydration Activity of High-Temperature Calcined Recycled Sand Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

Autoclaved aerated concrete is an excellent thermal insulation wall material, but with a large amount of waste. This paper describes the high-temperature activation and rehydration activity of waste cement–lime–sand autoclaved aerated concrete (SAAC) and discusses the high-temperature phase transition of SAAC. SAAC calcined at 750 °C was confirmed to be a metastable and amorphous state, which could hydrolyze Ca2+ ions with reactivity in water. The conductivity curve demonstrates that the concentration of ions in the suspension decreases rapidly at 150–250 min, and the hydration reaction turns dominant at this time. The hydration heat curve also displays a hydration exothermic peak at 2.5 h. In addition, the conductivity measurement of suspension and the exothermic measurement of hydration reaction proves that SAAC calcined at 750 °C has a hydration activity and can rehydrate with SiO2 in the system. The rehydration activity was verified by replacing 30% cement in the standard test block with calcined SAAC because the calcined SAAC at 750 °C has high hydration activity, and its activity index reached 89.58%. Fly ash is a commonly used cement admixture at present. Hence, the SAAC calcined at 750 °C and the fly ash were used to replace 30% of the cement in the cement test block, respectively. The results of this comparative experiment vividly showed that the reaction activity of SAAC calcined at 750 °C was higher than that of fly ash. Therefore, according to this research, SAAC has activity after calcination at 750 °C and can be hydrated again.

Research on Calibration Method of Rail Profile Measurement System

The rail profile measurement system is used to obtain the full section profile of the rail, which is the core of the wheel/ rail interaction, based on the principle of infrared structured light. The system calibration is the key as to whether the accuracy is high enough to guide the railway maintenance. In this study, we propose a convenient and efficient checkerboard plane target calibration method based on the partition-based calibration. This method can theoretically solve the three unavoidable factors that affect the accuracy in the traditional method and is very easy to use in the field with the designed equipment. The test shows that this method has higher accuracy. We propose a correction method for the stitching calibration of double-sided cameras. Based on the standard block and high-precision stitching of rail, full section profile is achieved. Finally, through ingeniously designed field tests, it is proved that the original accuracy is significantly improved from 0.3[Formula: see text]mm to 0.1[Formula: see text]mm, and the repeatability is obviously improved as well. The method proposed in this study can also be extended to similar systems, improving system accuracy and simplifying the calibration procedures.

Standard Units in Miniatures of the Manuscript no. 20 in Russian State Library, Fund 173.I

The proposed article is addressed to the phenomenon of typical graphic elements used in Russian late medieval visual art; the study is based on the material of miniatures of the wellknown illuminated manuscript of the Commentated Prophet Book from the collection of the Moscow Theological Academy. Previously, a detailed comparison of the drawing of paper icon samples, and later of the icons themselves of the 15th–16th centuries as well, led to the conclusion that icon painters widely use a set of the same systematically repeating graphic elements. They can always be seen in almost any icon, in different numbers and different combinations, in the most dissimilar images and regardless of who or what is depicted on the icon: the Savior, the Virgin or a prophet; regardless of whether the image in front of us is a half-length image, shoulder-length or full-length figure; regardless of the pose, gestures and type of clothing. Those elements are used constantly, although their number and set may vary significantly from case to case. In addition, their graphics vary quite freely: the proportions within the block and its dimensions change relative to other parts of the image, straight lines may be more or less curved, or part of the block may be hidden by another detail or, on the contrary, shown two or more times. Sometimes some part of the block is inverted, shifted or reduced, but the structure of the block remains the same. This observation makes it possible to significantly clarify the ideas about the principles of icon-painter work in the 15th–17th centuries: the drawing, for example, of a human figure and their robes was not copied literally from icon to icon, neither was invented completely anew each time; the image was more or less “constructed” from already existing ready-made blocks, either in the literal sense, or they filled in a ready-made general compositional scheme or a part of it, which itself can be considered as a standard block of a higher order. The miniatures of the manuscript under study serve as a clear example of the use of standard blocks in the Moscow illuminated book of the 15th century. The article for the first time compares a large number of deesis and prophetic images.

Potentiality of tannery buffing chromium-containing solid waste in making concrete blocks

This work assess the potentiality of tannery buffing chromium-containing solid waste as supplement material for concrete work in the construction industry. The parameters determined to characterize the tannery buffing solid wastes are pH (7.2), moisture content (0.53 %), carbon content (0.2 %), volatile content (0.18 %), and total chromium (28 mg/kg). The parameters used to compare the performance of the constructed concrete block with the standard concrete blocks are density, compressive strength, and water absorption. The experimental results confirmed that the density, compressive strength, and water absorption of the constructed concrete blocks are in the range of 1003.33 – 1226.7 kg/m 3 , 5.33 – 8.62 N/mm 2 , and 3–4 %, respectively which are comparable with the density (1383.3 kg/m 3 ), compressive strength (7.67 N/mm 2 ), and water absorption (4 %) of the standard concrete block. These results indicating that the quality of concrete blocks constructed using tannery buffing solid waste is comparable with standard concrete blocks and proved as more promising supplement material for sand in constructing concrete blocks.

CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CBCT) ANALYSIS OF OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY IN ANGLES CLASS II DIVISION I MALOCCLUSION FOLLOWING FUNCTIONAL APPLIANCE THERAPY

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the alterations taking place in the oro-pharyngeal airway space with functional appliance between class I & treated class II division 1 subjects. The st Methods: udy comprised of forty ve participants. Of these, thirty subjects were divided into two groups (Group 1 & 2) who had Angles Class II Division I malocclusion. Subjects with Angles Class I malocclusion formed the control group (Group 3) with 15 subjects. Group 1 received standard twin block therapy and Group 2 received xed functional appliance. The control group received xed mechanotherapy. A full skull CBCT scan was taken pre and post treatment in the two study groups and the control group to check for changes that occurred in the oro-pharyngeal volume. The volume of the oro-pharyngeal airway space was analyzed by student's t test and Tukey's post hoc tests using SPSS Version 22.0. (For Windows) Group 2 and group 3 exhibited a Results: statistically signicant increase in the mean oropharyngeal space volume (p < 0.01) during the post treatment period when compared to the pretreatment. volumes. Increased oro-pharyngeal space was seen in twin block therapy Conclusion: since it brings about both skeletal and dento-alveolar changes while xed functional appliance showed comparatively less changes in the oropharyngeal space.

Differentially Private Block Coordinate Descent for Linear Regression on Vertically Partitioned Data

We present a differentially private extension of the block coordinate descent algorithm by means of objective perturbation. The algorithm iteratively performs linear regression in a federated setting on vertically partitioned data. In addition to a privacy guarantee, we derive a utility guarantee; a tolerance parameter indicates how much the differentially private regression may deviate from the analysis without differential privacy. The algorithm’s performance is compared with that of the standard block coordinate descent algorithm on both artificial test data and real-world data. We find that the algorithm is fast and able to generate practical predictions with single-digit privacy budgets, albeit with some accuracy loss.

PO10: Case Presentation and Workflow for a 3D Printed Mold for HDR Brachytherapy of the Lower Lip

<h3>Introduction</h3> Interstitial head and neck brachytherapy is a versatile tool but requires intense patient and clinical resources as well as a high level of physician skill. For certain lesions, 3D printed brachytherapy molds may provide an "easier" alternative to interstitial brachytherapy. Recently, a patient presented with a progressive recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ of the lower lip two years after prior Mohs surgery. As surgery for removal of the lesion would be disfiguring, radiotherapy was pursued. Electron radiotherapy would be difficult due to the curved surface. Thus, brachytherapy options were considered, however the use of interstitial brachytherapy would have been technically difficult as well as invasive. Commercial surface brachytherapy applicators would not fit the lesion and location, and therefore, a 3D printed brachytherapy applicator was utilized. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> To create the 3D printed mold, two CT scans were required prior to mold design - one scan with radiopaque wires to define the target volume on the CT scan, and a second scan without wires, used to accurately define the patient surface for the 3D-printed mold. In this instance, the lower lip had to be rolled outward to expose the lesion and had to be immobilized in this position. Immobilization of the lower lip was achieved with adhesive attached to the lip and chest (Figure 1.a.). A standard bite block was inserted into the patient's mouth to keep the teeth in a reproducible position with the final intent that the 3D mold could be designed to attach to this bite block. CT scans were acquired at 1.25 mm thickness. A 3D mold was designed using our standard process in the Adaptiiv 3D bolus software. A pre-plan was created with the mold design in BrachyVision (Varian, Palo Alto, CA) to determine if the desired dosimetry to the target volume was achievable. Once a final mold design was approved, printing utilized an Axiom20 3D printer with Cheetah TPU. <h3>Results</h3> The final mold is shown in Figure 1.b and 1.c., illustrating that the mold was designed to fit over the pegs of the bite block. Several mold designs were considered, and ultimately an open bottomed mold was selected (Figure 1.d.) to allow for visualization of setup and also in case the lip swelled during treatment. A final CT of the patient with the mold in place was obtained to evaluate final mold fit and perform final CT planning (Figure 1.f.), as well as to acquire setup measurements (Figure 1.e.). Air gaps were minimal and only in two locations over the treatment volume which were all ≤1.5mm. The patient received 40 Gy in 10 fractions every other day. Near the end of treatment, topical lidocaine was applied to the patient's lip to help with applicator tolerance. Follow-up pictures are shown in Figure 1.g-i. Some moist desquamation was visible at the 1 week follow-up but resolved by six weeks posttreatment. At 10 months, the patient shows no signs of recurrence and no significant treatment-related toxicities. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A recurrent SCC in situ of the lower lip was successfully immobilized, planned, and treated with HDR brachytherapy using a custom 3D-printed mold. The benefits of the 3D mold allow for rigid immobilization of the lip for a reproducible and comfortable setup. Further research is needed into the optimal indications and applicator designs for 3D-printed applicators for head and neck brachytherapy.

Machine Straightness Error Measurement Based on Optical Fiber Fabry–Pérot Interferometer Monitoring Technique

Abstract In this research, we propose an Error Separation Technique (EST) based on optical fiber sensors for on-machine straightness error measurement. Two fiber optic Fabry–Pérot interferometers have been developed serving as two displacement sensors. The displacement distance is computed according to the reflected spectrum from interferometers, which can achieve a sub-micrometer resolution. The two-point method has been employed to separate the straightness error of the slides and the profile error of a fine-polished standard block. The spacing distance between two interferometers is determined by the diameter of optical fibers so that the EST's resolution has the potential to reach the sub-millimeter scale. In the experiment, the straightness error has been measured on a commercially available computer numerical control machine tool, and the measurement has been conducted on its x-axis. The spacing distance between two optical fiber sensors is 1.5 mm which equals the EST's resolution along the machine tool's x-axis. The separated profile error of the measured standard block is around 30 µm which has been verified by a high precision Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM). The magnitude of the separated straightness error is around 40 µm. This technique is flexible and simple to be conducted, which can contribute to the micro-machine tool calibration and other straightness error applications.

Mitigating disparate impact on model accuracy in differentially private learning

The techniques based on the theory of differential privacy (DP) have become a standard building block in the machine learning community. The DP training mechanisms offer strong guarantees that an adversary cannot determine with high confidence about the training data based on analyzing the released model, let alone any details of the instances. However, DP may disproportionately affect the underrepresented and relatively complicated classes, which means that the reduction in utility (i.e., model’s accuracy) is unequal for each class. Existing work neglects the adverse impact of DP or omits the influence of hyperparameters on the private learning procedure. This paper proposes a fair differential privacy algorithm (FairDP) to mitigate the disparate impact on each class’s model accuracy. We cast the learning procedure as a bilevel programming problem, which could integrate differential privacy with fairness. FairDP establishes a self-adaptive DP mechanism and dynamically adjusts instance influence in each class depending on the theoretical bias-variance bound with privacy guarantees simultaneously. Our experimental evaluation shows the effectiveness of FairDP in mitigating the disparate impact on model accuracy among the classes on several benchmark datasets and scenarios ranging from text to vision and achieving state-of-the-art accuracy and fairness.

DieRoll: A Unique Key Generation and Encryption Technique

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) or Data Encryption Standard (DES) are standard block cipher techniques mostly used for text or numbers but not preferred for multimedia data. Many researchers presented their work for grayscale image cryptography. However, little work has been reported for RGB image cryptography. This paper presents DieRoll, an encryption technique for color images. The key generation provides a novel approach with various stages of dividing and scrambling followed by using a fair die to transpose, reintegrate and form a new key. This newly generated key is used to encrypt RGB images. The implementation and performance evaluation of DieRoll is also given. The paper compares DieRoll encryption techniques with other techniques found in the literature. Quantitative and visual evaluation is also presented to analyze the resistance against modern threats. In the end attack analysis is given to support the claims.

Two-point discrimination responses in children with idiopathic toe walking: A feasibility fMRI study.

Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is a diagnosis given to children who walk with an absence or limitation of heel strike in the contact phase of the gait cycle, that are otherwise typically developing. There is emerging evidence that this gait pattern may occur in children who experience tactile sensory processing challenges. This feasibility study aimed to determine if children were able to respond to a sensory stimulus during a fMRI. Children aged between 8-16 years of age, with and without idiopathic toe walking were recruited from general public advertising. Participants were required to perform a two-point discrimination test (task block) and press a button without being tested (control block) during an fMRI using a standard block design. Activation differences were examined in the left frontal pole, left supramarginal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, left paracingulate gyrus and the right superior temporal. Five children were in the typically developing (TD) group and three were in the ITW group. There were between-group activation differences in the decision-making block compared to the control block in the left frontal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus and the right superior temporal gyrus. There was greater variation in activation in the left supramarginal gyrus and the left paracingulate gyrus in the ITW group compared to the typically developing group. Based on this study a future sample size of 15 children per group will be required to detect an adequate effect across chosen regions of interest Conducting fMRI using two-point discrimination testing on this population is feasible. Further research is required with larger population sizes to determine if brain activation patterns during the sensory input decision-making process are different in this population.

Changes in Angulation and Eruption Space of Developing Mandibular Third Molars Following Twin Block Treatment

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of twin block functional appliance three dimensionally on mandibular third molars angulation and eruption space. This retrospective study included cone beam computer tomography (CBCTs) of 34 Class II females (11.84 ± 0.94 years) who were divided into 2 groups. The first group received a standard twin block appliance (intervention group), while the other was considered as a control. CBCT images were obtained for all patients before the start of the intervention (T0) and after the active phase (9.4 ± 1.33 months) in the intervention group and at the beginning (T0) and after the observation period (T1) in the control group (8.12 ± 2.72 months). Measurements for the retromolar space were performed on the axial views, while those for molar angulation were performed on sagittal views as well as CBCT panoramic reformatted images. Both twin block and control groups showed non-significant changes in the angular measurements (sagittal L8/MP° and panoramic L8/MP°) denoting lack of change in the angulation of the third molars in relation to the mandibular plane after treatment. On the other hand, retromolar spaces showed a statistically significant increase (P ≤ .05) in both groups. The change was much significant for the twin block group, measuring 1.95 mm and 1.56 mm on the right and left sides, respectively, as compared to the control group which revealed less than 1 mm increase in the retromolar space on both the right and left sides. In spite of their positive impact on the retromolar space, twin block bite jumping appliances have a non-significant influence on the angulation of the developing mandibular third molars.

Structured light field three-dimensional measurement based on equivalent camera array model for highly reflective surfaces

Light-field cameras are gaining attention for their unique light gathering and post-capture processing capabilities. In our previous work, we combined light-field imaging with structured light technology to realize three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction for highly reflective surface. However, due to the lack of effective calibration of the light-field camera and reconstruction systems, it cannot meet the requirements of precise 3D measurement. A universal sub-aperture image extraction algorithm for the light-field camera with hexagonal microlens is presented to accurately extract the multidirectional images. Then, we explore the spatial relationship in equivalent camera array (ECA) of focused light-field camera according to the perspective variation of sub-aperture images. After that, an accurate 3D measurement system based on ECA model is proposed to achieve 3D measurement for highly reflective surface. To test the system’s practical performance, a precision analysis is conducted for a standard gauge block with ground truth. By comparing the reconstruction result of traditional method and ours, we demonstrated the validity of the proposed method to perform 3D measurement for highly reflective surface.

Low-Concentration Brachial Plexus Block

We devised a low-concentration brachial plexus block (LCBB) that allows for intraoperative, active motion by blocking only sensory nerves. This study evaluated the efficacy of the LCBB. Thirty-eight patients (14 men and 24 women; mean age, 60.0 years) underwent surgery with the LCBB. An ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block with 30-40 mL of 0.6 mg/ml ropivacaine hydrochloride hydrate was performed approximately 2hours before starting the surgery. A local anesthetic (LA) was administered as a local infiltration if the intraoperative pain relief was locally insufficient. The surgery was performed using a tourniquet as usual, which was released for approximately 1 minute when there was a requirement to check for intraoperative, active motion. We recorded the waiting time required between LCBB administration and surgery, the total surgery time, the total tourniquet time, the number of patients administered an LA, the total LA volume (1% lidocaine equivalent), and the muscle strength at intraoperative, active motion (evaluated by manual muscle testing and categorized as ≥grade 4 or ≤grade 3). The mean waiting time was 137.0 minutes, the mean surgery time was 124.6 minutes, and the mean tourniquet time was 70.6 minutes. In 2 patients, the anesthetic effect was not achieved, and we switched to other methods of anesthesia (1 patient was switched to an intravenous, regional anesthesia; 1 patient was switched to a standard brachial plexus block). Excluding those 2 cases, the mean LA volume was 8.7 mL among 22 cases (61.1%), and 33 cases (91%) had manual muscle testing of ≥grade 4. In 36 of 38 cases (94.7%), surgery could be performed by LCBB. Although an LCBB may require additional LA, it is a useful anesthesia method that allows intraoperative active motion and tourniquet use. Therapeutic IV.

The Compressive Strength of Adobe Block Masonry Walls

Masonry is a composite material that is fabricated using natural and/ or artificial units that are joined together with mortar. The natural units include stone amongst others, while the artificial includes bricks and blocks that could be made out of concrete or fired clay products as well as adobe (stabilised or unsterilized). The wide spectrum of the units used in masonry wall fabrication demands that appropriate tests should be conducted to determine their compressive strength and by extension the effectiveness of the wall masonry in performing its inherent architectural design functions of the building such as environmental protection of its inhabitants. An experiment was conducted (i) to determine the structural suitability of stabilised adobe block masonry under uniform and concentrated loading and (ii) to determine adobe block masonry design guidelines. All block units for the test masonry were fabricated using the appropriate Portland cement: sand mix of 1: 11 identified using mix trials for the adobe block categories that were greater than 11.1 N/mm2. The concrete mix was prepared using a concrete mixer and moulded. Moulding was conducted using modified standard 6-inch adobe block mould that led to a 300 mm x 150 mm x 100 mm block. The blocks were cured for seven days under polythene sheets. There were two sets of masonry tests running in parallel; (1) the compressive strengths of the simulated stabilised adobe block masonry under uniformly distributed loads (prism tests) with three different mortar regimes; weak (1:8), medium (1:5) and strongest (1:3) and (2) masonry characteristic compressive strengths under concentrated loads (wall tests) using only the medium mortar mix (1:5). Prism specimens (300 mm x 150 mm x 460 mm) and wall specimen (920 mm x 150 mm x 460 mm) had three replications and cured under laboratory ambient environment conditions for 28 days prior to testing. Test specimens were subjected to compression under uniaxial uniformly distributed loads applied vertically and continuously at a rate of 1 N/mm2/minute to failure. There were 3 wall tests running parallel for each of the 4 block Portland cement proportions at the 1:5 mortar mixes. Data were analysed using MS Excel featuring descriptive statistics. Confidence intervals (95%) using the Student t-test were used to compare variations between and within specimens. Vertical deformations and time to failure were analysed using video tapes through Daub 2.0, video editing free download software. The results indicated that with the prism tests the increase in Portland cement masonry block proportion from 5% - 15% (3.0 N/mm2 - 15.4 N/mm2) significantly increased the masonry characteristic compressive strength at all mortar compressive strengths. However, the masonry characteristic compressive strengths were significantly less than that of the corresponding block. This trend was similar to the wall tests. At high block and low mortar compressive strengths, prism failure was initially by vertical tensile cracking through the mortar followed by the block, whereas at high masonry block and mortar strengths, failure was sudden and typically manifested by initial vertical tensile cracking and eventually side splitting of the block and mortar.Wall failure at low concentrated loads, was initially manifested by vertical cracks along the joint directly below the load point, and at its edges on both sides of the wall. The proposed design guidelines for stabilised adobe block masonry included mortar designations (a), (b) and (c) with masonry mortar proportions by volume (cement: sand) of 1:3, 1:5, and 1:8, respectively, under uniform and concentrated loads were proposed for use in adobe block masonry for agricultural structures.