Views Of Stakeholders Research Articles

Stakeholder views on the design of National Health Service perinatal mental health services: 360-degree survey.

At the start of a new community perinatal mental health service in Scotland we sought the opinions and aspirations of professional and lay stakeholders. A student elective project supported the creation of an anonymous 360-degree online survey of a variety of staff and people with lived experience of suffering from or managing perinatal mental health problems. The survey was designed and piloted with trainees and volunteer patients. A rich variety of opinions was gathered from the 60 responses, which came from a reasonably representative sample. Respondents provided specific answers to key questions and wrote free-text recommendations and concerns to inform service development. There is clear demand for the new expanded service, with strong support for provision of a mother and baby unit in the North of Scotland. The digital survey method could be adapted to generate future surveys to review satisfaction with service development and generate ideas for further change.

Physical Activity Preferences of People Living with Brain Injury: Formative Qualitative Research to Develop a Discrete Choice Experiment.

The World Health Organization physical activity guidelines for people living with disability do not consider the needs of people living with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. This paper describes the qualitative co-development of a discrete choice experiment survey to inform the adaption of these guidelines by identifying the physical activity preferences of people living with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury in Australia. The research team comprised researchers, people with lived experience of traumatic brain injury and health professionals with expertise in traumatic brain injury. We followed a four-stage process: (1) identification of key constructs and initial expression of attributes, (2) critique and refinement of attributes, (3) prioritisation of attributes and refinement of levels and (4) testing and refining language, format and comprehensibility. Data collection included deliberative dialogue, focus groups and think-aloud interviews with 22 purposively sampled people living with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Strategies were used to support inclusive participation. Analysis employed qualitative description and framework methods. This formative process resulted in discarding, merging, renaming and reconceptualising attributes and levels. Attributes were reduced from an initial list of 17 to six: (1) Type of activity, (2) Out-of-pocket cost, (3) Travel time, (4) Who with, (5) Facilitated by and (6) Accessibility of setting. Confusing terminology and cumbersome features of the survey instrument were also revised. Challenges included purposive recruitment, reducing diverse stakeholder views to a few attributes, finding the right language and navigating the complexity of discrete choice experiment scenarios. This formative co-development process significantly improved the relevance and comprehensibility of the discrete choice experiment survey tool. This process may be applicable in other discrete choice experiment studies.

Recruitment and selection of community health workers in Iran; a thematic analysis

BackgroundIn Iran, community health workers (CHWs) are selected and employed according to the instructions of the Ministry of Health (MOH). The present study aimed to investigate the views of different stakeholders regarding the selection criteria, as well as the competency of CHWs.MethodsThis study was conducted using a qualitative thematic analysis in Golestan Province, Iran. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with managers, supervisors, CHWs, and common people in 2021. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed. To extract key themes, the six-step Brown model was used, which involved becoming acquainted with the data, meaningful organization of transcripts, extracting primary open codes, searching for themes in an iterative approach, theme extraction, defining themes, and preparing a report. The relationships between codes and sub-themes and themes were represented using ATLAS.ti version 8.ResultsData saturation was achieved after interviewing 22 people. The extracted data included 340 open codes, two main sub-themes of “CHW effectiveness” and “CHW sustainability”, and three main themes of “criteria for employing competent people”, “barriers to employing competent people”, and “identifying the barriers to employing competent people”, according to the MOH instructions.ConclusionIn the present study, local hiring was one of the major challenges in the competency-based selection of CHWs. One of the most repeated codes was expanding the local hiring concept and its requirements. Since different regions of Iran have different climatic, economic, cultural, and social conditions, the selection and hiring criteria for CHWs should be tailored to the needs of the community.

GREEN BANKING: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RETAIL BANKING CUSTOMER PERCEPTIONS

The growing prominence of the need for businesses to consider various stakeholders interests including the environmental aspects has correspondingly led to an interest in green banking. Green Banking is viewed as important for multiple factors including for the achievement of various targets such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The views of various stakeholders of banks including the banking customers towards green banking are important for consideration and hence this study uses a descriptive research methodology that focuses on the aspect of green banking and retail banking customers in the urban cities of India. The various responses of the retail banking customers were collected through the use of a semi-structured questionnaire and were subsequently collated and analysed. It was found that the awareness towards green banking was less, but there was a favourable view towards the concept. However, there is an unclarity in their understanding of the resulting influence of green banking practices on the bank itself and less amenability to an increase in costs due to green banking practices. Subsequently, the various identified impediments were analysed with suggested measures to address them and the potential results.

Diversity of perspectives in biodiversity conservation: A case study of port land use in Antwerp and Rotterdam

Conflicts of interest often undermine conservation initiatives against biodiversity decline. Effective decision-making requires a deeper understanding of the positions, criteria, concerns, and perspectives of stakeholders. However, managing so many perspectives can be difficult, and if not done well, conflicts arise which make it difficult to achieve conservation goals. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that identifying areas of consensus is a good starting point to generate more effective debates and address complex issues. To do this, we investigate the diversity of perspectives regarding biodiversity conservation schemes among stakeholders in the studied ports of Antwerp and Rotterdam. Using Q-methodology, a semi-quantitative technique that enables us to systematically study the subjective views of stakeholders involved in a topic, we identified and organized a range of shared perspectives into three groups, known as factors. A total of 20 participants sorted 45 statements according to their perceptions and objectives, from −4 ‘most disagreeable’ to 4 ‘most agreeable’. Then, respondents explained their rankings in a post-sorting interview. Next, the data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative analysis was conducted in two parts:(i) Dividing respondents into groups based on similar perspectives and (ii) coupling distinguishing statements with one of the factors characteristic of that viewpoint. Finally, in a qualitative analysis, we used the distinguishing statements and insights from interviews to create narratives and titles for the three factors: (1) Ports are key for our economic wealth, hence port development should continue, (2) Nature first, and (3) Multi-actor governance. Our findings confirm consensuses in three areas: policy, land use, and mitigation tactics. Interestingly, all narratives unanimously agreed on the importance of regulating port development and land use changes via legislation and environmental impact assessments. However, they debated the rigidity of legislation and whether offsetting port expansion (and associated land and resource use claims) should take place locally or internationally. We also found that decision-making mostly followed a human-centered perspective, where economic values were more relevant than intrinsic ones. These insights can serve as a baseline for stakeholders to form coalitions around areas of consensus to depolarize debates and avoid decision-making gridlocks.

Research on enterprise digital transformation disclosure based on hypocrisy theory

By using the interactive big data between enterprises and stakeholders in social media, this paper investigates the views of different stakeholders on the disclosure of enterprise digital transformation. In view of the social media platform brings together different stakeholders, this paper uses the organizational hypocrisy theory to explore the stakeholders’ Reflection on the hypocritical speech, decision-making and action strategies adopted in the disclosure of enterprise digital transformation. Through data mining and computer-aided emotion analysis, the posts of sina Weibo’s top 500 Chinese enterprises from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021 and the reactions of stakeholders are retrieved and analyzed. It is found that stakeholders have different reactions to the hypocrisy strategies of enterprises. Although stakeholders pay more attention to information related to actions, and the disclosure of such actions will cause positive and negative reactions, the inconsistency of speech and decision-making will produce positive reactions and reduce negative impressions. Overall, research shows that the use of organizational hypocrisy strategies in social media can enable enterprises to manage the views and legitimacy of stakeholders.

Exploring School Bullying: Designing the Research Question with Young Co-Researchers

Participatory Action Research (PAR) empowers young people to work alongside adult researchers to determine the purpose/scope of research projects. By naming the purpose of the research, young people have the potential to transform it. Beginning with a broad question, we worked in collaboration with secondary school students (co-researchers) and staff to decide on the focal research question. Prior to recruiting the co-researchers, we conducted an ‘exploration study’ using a qualitative online questionnaire distributed to the wider school population, to ascertain the core bullying issues. Although the questionnaire highlighted complexities in recognising bullying, misogynistic behaviour was stressed as a particular concern. In-depth discussions with the co-researchers and reflections on the questionnaire findings over several months gave us further insight into this issue, as well as the complexities of determining bullying/banter. Our research question was determined as: “Does gender bullying happen at this school?” Two distinct methodological and process-related insights arose from this work: power dynamics and the construct of time as duration and a non-linear process. This paper contributes to the literature on hearing stakeholder views as well as on actively including students in designing and developing research foundations, that is the research question, an under-explored topic in the wider literature.

Using laws, common sense, and statistical approaches to design indicators for ‘medical desertification’. An application on the Romanian case

The study of spatial accessibility to healthcare services is key to health policy (Pförtner et al., 2019; Vergier et al., 2017). Terms such as ‘rurality’ or ‘medical desertification’ were employed to stress the relevance of the topic. Within the existing literature, there is little (if any) concern with the legitimacy of the existing ways to measure inequality. Expert systems were assumed to be in place, and discrepancies or consistency with existing regulations or to views of relevant stakeholders were not considered. This paper discusses spatial accessibility of medical services in three distinct approaches: normative, that is following what national regulations consider as standard; relative, that is what statistical approaches reveal; consensual, which adjusts the indexes based on representations of stakeholders. The three approaches are compared for the case of Romania, an EU country with low population density, ideal to inspect geographical discrepancies. For the relative and the consensual approach, population is adjusted according to different demand expressed by age groups, and also including population and providers from the nearby localities. The normative approach follows official regulations. The refinements in the consensual model are based on survey data from stakeholders and consider distances to neighbouring localities and adjustments according to the age structure of the population in the catchment area. The results reveal high consistency between the consensual and the relative approach. Both are more permissive with respect to detecting medical desertification as compared to the normative approach but prove to be more effective in directing policy when resources are scarce. The normative approach, however, is relevant in depicting the state of the system as contrasted to a desired standard. The relative approach also overlaps with the consensual one. Therefore, to fully characterize spatial accessibility to general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacies, one needs to consider at least the normative and the relative approaches.

Understanding Views Around the Creation of a Consented, Donated Databank of Clinical Free Text to Develop and Train Natural Language Processing Models for Research: Focus Group Interviews With Stakeholders

Information stored within electronic health records is often recorded as unstructured text. Special computerized natural language processing (NLP) tools are needed to process this text; however, complex governance arrangements make such data in the National Health Service hard to access, and therefore, it is difficult to use for research in improving NLP methods. The creation of a donated databank of clinical free text could provide an important opportunity for researchers to develop NLP methods and tools and may circumvent delays in accessing the data needed to train the models. However, to date, there has been little or no engagement with stakeholders on the acceptability and design considerations of establishing a free-text databank for this purpose. This study aimed to ascertain stakeholder views around the creation of a consented, donated databank of clinical free text to help create, train, and evaluate NLP for clinical research and to inform the potential next steps for adopting a partner-led approach to establish a national, funded databank of free text for use by the research community. Web-based in-depth focus group interviews were conducted with 4 stakeholder groups (patients and members of the public, clinicians, information governance leads and research ethics members, and NLP researchers). All stakeholder groups were strongly in favor of the databank and saw great value in creating an environment where NLP tools can be tested and trained to improve their accuracy. Participants highlighted a range of complex issues for consideration as the databank is developed, including communicating the intended purpose, the approach to access and safeguarding the data, who should have access, and how to fund the databank. Participants recommended that a small-scale, gradual approach be adopted to start to gather donations and encouraged further engagement with stakeholders to develop a road map and set of standards for the databank. These findings provide a clear mandate to begin developing the databank and a framework for stakeholder expectations, which we would aim to meet with the databank delivery.

An exploration of stakeholder views and perceptions on taxing tobacco, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages in Ghana

BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for nearly 43% of Ghana’s all-cause mortality. Unhealthy commodities (such as alcohol, sugar and tobacco) are an important factor in the growing NCD burden in the...

Impact of community health interventions on maternal and child health indicators in the upper east region of Ghana

BackgroundThis paper reports on results of a health system strengthening implementation research initiative conducted the Upper East Region of northern Ghana. Transformative interventions to accelerate and strengthen the health delivery were implemented that included empowering community leaders and members to actively participate in health delivery, strengthening the referral systems through the provision of community transport systems, providing basic medical equipment to community clinics, and improving the skills of critical health staff through training.MethodsA mixed method design was used to evaluate the impact of the interventions. A quantitative evaluation employed a flexible research design to test the effects of various component activities of the project. To assess impact, a pre-versus–post randomized cluster survey design was used. Qualitative research was conducted with focus group data and individual in depth interviews to gauge the views of various stakeholders associated with the implementation process.ResultsAfter intervention, significant improvements in key maternal and child health indicators such as antenatal and postnatal care coverage were observed and increases in the proportion of deliveries occurring in health facilities and assisted by skilled health personnel relative to pre-intervention conditions. There was also increased uptake of oral rehydration salts (ORS) for treatment of childhood diarrhoea, as well as marked reductions in the incidence of upper respiratory infections (URI).ConclusionsA pre-and post-evaluation of impact suggests that the programme had a strong positive impact on the functioning of primary health care. Findings are consistent with the proposition that the coverage and content of the Ghana Community-based Health Planning and Services programme was improved by program interventions and induced discernable changes in key indicators of health system performance.

Key Maternity Care Stakeholders' Views on Midwives' Professional Autonomy.

Advancement towards the professionalism of midwifery is closely linked to midwives' professional autonomy. Although the perspectives of Belgian midwives on their professional autonomy have been studied, the views of other maternity care stakeholders are a blind spot. The aim of this study, therefore, was to explore maternity care stakeholders' views on Belgian midwives' professional autonomy. A qualitative exploratory study was performed using focus group interviews. A heterogenous group of 27 maternity care stakeholders participated. The variation between midwives, with different levels of autonomy, was reported. The analysis of the data resulted in five themes: (1) The autonomous midwife is adequately educated and committed to continuous professional further education, (2) The autonomous midwife is competent, (3) The autonomous midwife is experienced, (4) The autonomous midwife assures safe and qualitative care, and (5) The autonomous midwife collaborates with all stakeholders in maternity care. A maternity collaborative framework, where all maternity care professionals respect each other's competences and autonomy, is crucial for providing safe and quality care. To achieve this, it is recommended to implement interprofessional education to establish strong foundations for interprofessional collaboration. Additionally, a regulatory body with supervisory powers can help ensure safe and quality care, while also supporting midwives' professional autonomy and professionalisation.

The Impact of Social Identity on Tax Compliance in Indonesia During the Pandemic COVID-19

Purpose: This study aims at examining the impacts of manufacture’s social identity on their tax attitudes, and how these effects on firm’s tax compliance, and used a qualitative method Theoretical framework: Two techniques are distinguished in Devos' (2014) Compliance Theory: the Economic Deterrence Approach and the Psychological Approach. Research by Scott & Grasmick (1998) as cited in Trivedi, Shehata & Lynn (2003) examined that even if economic elements are crucial for evaluating compliance behavior, they are insufficient to fully explain the level of compliance. Design/methodology/approach: The sample of the study are 101 respondents. This study uses quantitative methods to collect, process, and analyze data to draw empirical conclusions. Findings: The data from 101 respondents reported that membership and identity affect their firm’s tax compliance, but not private collective self-esteem and public collective self-esteem. The result shows that dependence on the community and stakeholder views on corporate identity are considered important by companies in order to increase public trust. Meanwhile, private and public collective self-esteem is no longer the key. It implies that the former is more likely to have a higher cost of tax collection to represent tax compliance, which may restrict funds for their public sector and adversely affects its functionality. This is consistent with the previous findings that identity socially impacted tax compliance, instead of self-esteem. Research, Practical & Social implications: Research results for manufacturing managers related to strengthening social identity factors in order to improve overall corporate tax compliance, such as joining tax communities, professional memberships, and the like. By having a clear social identity, managers have channels to discuss tax issues and find solutions to tax problems more easily. Originality/value: The tax compliance issues findings related to self esteem approach having new model for DGT’s to optimize tax income strategy during pandemic.

"To Be Honest, You Probably Would Have to Read It 50 Times": Stakeholders Views on Using the Opt-Out Approach for Vaccination in Jails.

Despite national guidelines on infectious disease testing and vaccination in prisons, there is heterogeneity on the implementation of these practices in jails. We sought to better understand perspectives on the implementation of opt-out vaccination for infectious diseases in jails by interviewing a broad group of stakeholders involved in infectious diseases vaccination, testing, and treatment in Massachusetts jails. The research team conducted semistructured interviews with people incarcerated in Hampden County Jail (Ludlow, Massachusetts), clinicians working in jail and community settings, corrections administrators, and representatives from public health, government, and industry between July 2021 and March 2022. Forty-eight people were interviewed, including 13 people incarcerated at the time of interview. Themes that emerged included the following: misunderstandings of what opt-out means, indifference to the way vaccines are offered, belief that using the opt-out approach will increase the number of individuals who receive vaccination, and that opt-out provides an easy way for vaccine rejection and reluctance to accept vaccination. There was a clear divide in stakeholders' support of the opt-out approach, which was more universally supported by those who work outside of jails compared to those who work within or are incarcerated in jails. Compiling the perspectives of stakeholders inside and outside of jail settings on the opt-out approach to vaccination is the first step to develop feasible and effective strategies for implementing new health policies in jail settings.

Views of stakeholders at risk for dementia about deep brain stimulation for cognition

Views of stakeholders at risk for dementia about deep brain stimulation for cognition

Portrayal of electronic cigarettes in the news

Portrayal of electronic cigarettes in the news

A comparative study of supply chain management in building construction projects within Kathmandu valley

The supply chain plays a vital role in the successful completion of a construction project. Lack of proper supply chain management in any construction project results in cost overrun, time overrun, claims, disputes, and low productivity, which may ultimately lead to failure of the project. The overall objective of this study is to perform a comparative analysis of the need and importance of supply chain management based on stakeholders' perceptions of the selected building construction projects in Kathmandu valley. A total of thirty-four projects were taken for the study. Among these, 16 projects were executed by DUDBC and NRA, and 18 projects from private developers. The primary data collection tool used for the study was a questionnaire survey based on the Likert scale. A key informant interview along with a desk study was also conducted. The responses of questionnaires were ranked using the Relative Importance Index (RII). The findings were based on the comparison of views of public and private stakeholders on factors influencing the importance, challenges, and solutions of the problems of supply chain management. The findings show that both the public and private stakeholders agree on the high importance of proper supply chain management in the construction industry, but their perceptions differ on factors contributing to and benefits obtained from an efficient supply chain. Additionally, public and private stakeholders have differing opinions on the most pressing challenges facing supply chain management, its efficiency, and material management. Public stakeholders focused more on quality and delayed delivery of materials, while private stakeholders focused more on cost and efficiency issues. On the solutions and approaches for improvement of supply chain management, both the public and private sectors agree that improved integrated management between the supply chain and project site is essential to maintain a reliable and efficient supply chain. However, both stakeholders differ slightly on the approaches needed to improve supply chain management. Finally, the study shows that public and private stakeholders in building construction projects in Kathmandu agree that while major challenges exist in supply chain management, solving these problems through proper integration and communication will lead to an efficient and qualitative supply chain vital for a project's completion.

The Clinical Teaching Fellow role: views of the Heads of Academy in the West Midlands

BackgroundIncreasingly junior doctors are taking a year out of the traditional training pathway, and some opt to spend a year in a clinical teaching fellow (CTF) post. The CTF post mainly involves delivering hospital-based teaching to undergraduate medical students. In NHS hospital Trusts in the West Midlands, Heads of Academy (HoAs) have oversight of medical education at each Trust and therefore have responsibility for employing and directing the work of CTFs. Currently, only limited literature exists about the CTF role and exploring this from the point of view of different stakeholders in medical education is important in terms of contributing towards development of the role. This study aimed to explore the views of HoAs in the West Midlands region regarding CTFs employed at their Trusts.MethodsAll HoAs at the NHS Trust/teaching hospitals associated with the University of Birmingham were invited to take part in an in-depth interview about CTFs at their Trusts. Interviews were held via Zoom recorded using Zoom’s recording functionality. Interview transcripts were then coded and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsSeven out of 11 HoAs participated in an interview. Seven themes were identified: CTF duties/Job role, Relationship with students, Benefits of having CTFs, Challenges associated with CTFs, Popularity of the role, What Trust offers CTFs, and Future of the role. Primarily it was felt that having CTFs at their Trust was beneficial in terms of the amount of teaching they provide for medical students. The HoAs were keen to ensure the CTF posts were of maximum benefit to both the post holders and to the Trusts where they were based. The CTF role is one that they felt would continue and develop in the future.ConclusionThis study has provided the first insight into the CTF role from the point of view of senior doctors with responsibility for delivery of undergraduate medical education. The consistency and reliability of teaching provided by the CTFs was identified as a key benefit of the role. Future work exploring the role from the point of view of post holders themselves would be beneficial to contribute to development of the role.

Co-design Tensions Between Parents, Children, and Researchers Regarding Mobile Health Technology Design Needs and Decisions: Case Study.

Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) in mobile health are an intervention design that provides behavior change support based on an individual's changing and dynamic contextual state. However, few studies have documented how end users of JITAI technologies are involved in their development, particularly from historically marginalized families and children. Less is known for public health researchers and designers of the tensions that occur as families negotiate their needs. We aimed to broaden our understanding of how historically marginalized families are included in co-design from a public health perspective. We sought to address research questions surrounding JITAIs; co-design; and working with historically marginalized families, including Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) children and adults, regarding improving sun protection behaviors. We sought to better understand value tensions in parents' and children's needs regarding mobile health technologies and how design decisions are made. We examined 2 sets of co-design data (local and web-based) pertaining to a larger study on mobile SunSmart JITAI technologies with families in Los Angeles, California, United States, who were predominantly of Latinx and multiracial backgrounds. In these co-design sessions, we conducted stakeholder analysis through perceptions of harms and benefits and an assessment of stakeholder views and values. We open coded the data and compared the developed themes using a value-sensitive design framework by examining value tensions to help organize our qualitative data. Our study is formatted through a narrative case study that captures the essential meanings and qualities that are difficult to present, such as quotes in isolation. We presented 3 major themes from our co-design data: different experiences with the sun and protection, misconceptions about the sun and sun protection, and technological design and expectations. We also provided value flow (opportunities for design), value dam (challenges to design), or value flow or dam (a hybrid problem) subthemes. For each subtheme, we provided a design decision and a response we ended up making based on what was presented and the kinds of value tensions we observed. We provide empirical data to show what it is like to work with multiple BIPOC stakeholders in the roles of families and children. We demonstrate the use of the value tension framework to explain the different needs of multiple stakeholders and technology development. Specifically, we demonstrate that the value tension framework helps sort our participants' co-design responses into clear and easy-to-understand design guidelines. Using the value tension framework, we were able to sort the tensions between children and adults, family socioeconomic and health wellness needs, and researchers and participants while being able to make specific design decisions from this organized view. Finally, we provide design implications and guidance for the development of JITAI mobile interventions for BIPOC families.

Understanding the personality of Europe’s only world surfing reserve

PurposeThis study aims to uncover the destination personality of the World Surfing Reserve (WSR) in Europe, Ericeira, from local stakeholders’ perspectives; understand if WSR recognition influences the perception of destination personality; and understand if there is an alignment between the vision of the destination management Organization (DMO) and stakeholders in terms of destination personality.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive literature search was conducted to identify personality traits, which were then filtered and included in a survey of Ericeira's stakeholders and in a DMO interview. A principal components analysis enabled the identification of the most relevant personality traits.FindingsCool, appealing and self-assured emerged as destination-specific personality traits of Ericeira, indicating that other similar destinations can consider them in future branding actions. The findings indicate that WSR recognition can be a determinant for local tourism but has no impact on destination personality as viewed by local stakeholders. Therefore, one can suggest that personality is embedded in a tourist destination and is somewhat resistant to external WSR recognition. In general, alignment was found between the views of the local stakeholders and the DMO.Originality/valueThis study reinforces the literature on the importance of stakeholder involvement in place brand development. It also suggests that external recognition may have an impact on local tourism but has a limited impact on destination personality. Finally, this research constitutes a baseline for further studies on the destination personality traits of current and prospective WSR.