Views Of Stakeholders Research Articles

RURAL DEVELOPMENT: MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IMPACTING COMMUNITY SUPPORT FOR RURAL TOURISM

Rural tourism has emerged as a viable domestic tourism option and a means of raising the standard of living and enhancing the environment for rural residents. Successful rural tourism greatly depends on rural tourism products and the local communities residing in particular areas. This study examines factors that influence rural community support for developing tourism in remote areas. The theoretical concept is framed by integrating social exchange theory with social representation theory. It employs a case study approach by examining multiple stakeholder views located in remote Kinabatangan, Sabah. Using a mixed-method approach and four labels of data convergence, the findings reveal conflicting views among the stakeholders pertaining to Indigenous motivation and participation in rural tourism activities. The study highlights employing a comrade approach to encourage aboriginal participation in tourism ventures, not merely depending on monetary incentives and tourism awareness campaigns.

Exploring the perception of value in cancer care: A comparison of patients, providers, and payers.

60 Background: As the healthcare system moves towards value-based models, defining "value" is crucial. In the context of cancer care, there are multiple metrics essential to the aggregate of “value”, however their relative importance to the various stakeholders in value-based care are unknown. This study assesses the priorities of key stakeholders in value-based cancer care. Methods: A survey was administered to international cancer patients through online support groups and to healthcare providers and payers within a large regional health system. Respondents ranked the relative importance of treatment costs, longevity, treatment experience, functional and emotional well-being, and longevity (survival). Agreement among groups was analyzed using Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W). The priorities of each group were compared among stakeholders. Results: A total of 1,103 respondents including 782 patients, 216 healthcare providers, and 105 payers/policymakers participated. The majority of respondents were female (70%), white (89%), and had completed a four-year degree (63%). The patient cohort represented six continents and 20 cancer types. The most common cancer site was the pancreas (35%), followed by the esophagus (11%), bile duct (10%), and peritoneal surface malignancy (9%). Among providers, 29% were physicians, 21% nurses, 11% advanced practice providers, and 39% other providers. Among payers, 24% were administrators and 24% held were business analysts. Patients prioritized longevity and functional independence (W=39%, p<0.001), while providers prioritized patient emotional well-being over functional independence and experience (W=35%, p<0.001). Payers prioritized emotional well-being and patient longevity (W=26%, p<0.001). The overall ratings for each value metric among the three groups differed significantly (all p < 0.05). All groups ranked treatment costs as least important. Rankings were consistent across gender, education level, and time spent with patients within the cohorts. Conclusions: With general consistencies amongst the views of stakeholders, there are remains significant discordances in the perception of value. While the highest priority across stakeholder groups differed, costs of treatment consistently ranked as the least important value domain. These findings have important implications for the development of value-based cancer care models that account for the diverse perspectives of key stakeholders. Further research is needed to develop a generalizable measure of healthcare value.

Addressing antimicrobial resistance through community engagement: a framework for developing contextually relevant and impactful behaviour change interventions.

Community engagement (CE) interventions often explore and promote behaviour change around a specific challenge. Suggestions for behaviour change should be co-produced in partnership with the community. To facilitate this, it is essential that the intervention includes key content that unpacks the challenge of interest via multiple sources of knowledge. However, where community lived experience and academic evidence appear misaligned, tensions can appear within the co-production dynamic of CE. This is specifically so within the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) where ideal behaviours are often superseded by what is practical or possible in a particular community context. Here we describe a framework for the equitable development of contextually appropriate, clearly evidenced behavioural objectives for CE interventions. This framework explores different sources of knowledge on AMR, including the potentially competing views of different stakeholders. The framework allows key content on AMR to be selected based upon academic evidence, contextual appropriateness and fit to the chosen CE approach. A case study of the framework in action exemplifies how the framework is applicable to a range of contexts, CE approaches and One Health topics beyond just AMR. Within CE interventions, academic evidence is crucial to develop well-informed key content. However, this formative work should also involve community members, ensuring that their contextual knowledge is valued. The type of CE approach also needs careful consideration because methodological constraints may limit the breadth and depth of information that can be delivered within an intervention, and thus the scope of key content.

Framing the wider determinants of health and health inequalities: local stakeholder views in England

Background:Despite decades of concern, health inequalities persist and collaborations to address them at a local level are yet to prove effective. One potential way of improving actions to address health inequalities is to pay greater attention to the way the problems and solutions are framed. Aims and objectives:The aims of the study were to: 1) review existing advice and guidance on how to frame the wider determinants of health, health inequalities and how to address them in policy; 2) critically appraise this guidance with reference to a study of local action to address the wider determinants of health and health inequalities in England; and 3) offer insight into the future of framing these issues at the local level. Methods:An exploratory qualitative study of local actors’ activities and experiences that relate to framing health inequalities. Analysis is drawn from 14 in-depth, qualitative interviews with people working in health- and other-sector partnerships. Findings:Local actors engaged in systemic framing of the wider determinants, health inequalities and what to do about them across localities, albeit in a non-routinised or uniform way. Evidence and data were a key part of telling the story. Owing in part to resource constraint, local practitioners tended to work with people who quickly ‘got it’ (the structural, systemic nature of health inequalities) and focused their efforts on working in these partnerships; this was a reflection of the relational process of ‘co-framing’. Other tactics were used to try and persuade unconvinced colleagues or elected members. There were multiple challenges, however, to framing consistency, coherency and comprehensiveness of coverage, and using a systemic frame was no guarantee of cross-sectoral collaborative working. Discussion and conclusion:Re-framing health inequalities is challenging and relational for local practitioners. Local tactics that include tailoring, co-framing and building strong local examples offer promise.

Screening for paediatric type 1 diabetes: a qualitative exploration of parent and stakeholder views [ELSA 1 Study

Screening for paediatric type 1 diabetes: a qualitative exploration of parent and stakeholder views [ELSA 1 Study

P1.01-12 “A Core Part of the Whole Thing...”: Stakeholder Views on Offering Smoking Cessation Support in Lung Cancer Screening

P1.01-12 “A Core Part of the Whole Thing...”: Stakeholder Views on Offering Smoking Cessation Support in Lung Cancer Screening

A14Does everyone see it the same? An evaluation of the alignment of perceived benefits of virtual simulation between undergraduate pharmacy students, faculty and stakeholders

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, where access to traditional simulation environments and experiences was necessarily restricted, increasing focus has been placed on the use of technology in simulation. The use of virtual patient simulations has been shown in literature to increase interest as well as provide opportunities to practice clinical reasoning [1]. Opportunities to develop clinical reasoning are of notable importance in undergraduate pharmacy education currently owing to ongoing changes in pharmacy education, where newly qualified pharmacists will be annotated as independent prescribers from 2026 [2]. Evidence on the extent to which views on the perceived uses and benefits of virtual simulation align between different user groups is limited. In a UK university, a programme of virtual simulation has been utilized since 2020 as a part of the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum. A mixed-methods study was run which aimed to evaluate the alignment of views of students, faculty and stakeholders (who were individuals involved in the design or implementation of virtual simulation products) on the potential uses, intended learning outcomes, and perceived benefits and weaknesses of virtual simulation. Following approval by the school research ethics committee, an electronic questionnaire was sent to final-year undergraduate pharmacy students who had experienced a programme of virtual simulation including a mixture of qualitative and quantitative questions relating to student perceptions of the use of virtual simulation in the curriculum. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with faculty members and stakeholders exploring their views on virtual simulation. Quantitative data were analysed by simple descriptive statistics, and a critical review of free-text responses was performed through grounded theory to identify emergent key themes. A total of 25 responses to student questionnaires were received. A total of seven interviews were performed, including three members of academic staff familiar with virtual simulation and four stakeholders responsible for the design or implementation of virtual simulation products. Students most commonly believed that virtual simulation could benefit their development of consultation skills, clinical history taking and physical assessment. Significant alignment between the perceptions of stakeholders and students on the uses and benefits of virtual simulation was demonstrated, but faculty members articulated a more limited list of perceived uses and benefits. The views of final-year undergraduate pharmacy students aligned strongly with stakeholders involved in the design or implementation of virtual simulation. The more limited views of faculty may represent a barrier to the full implementation of virtual simulation. Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable.

The value of standards for health datasets in artificial intelligence-based applications

Artificial intelligence as a medical device is increasingly being applied to healthcare for diagnosis, risk stratification and resource allocation. However, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the risk of algorithmic bias, which may perpetuate existing health inequity. This problem arises in part because of systemic inequalities in dataset curation, unequal opportunity to participate in research and inequalities of access. This study aims to explore existing standards, frameworks and best practices for ensuring adequate data diversity in health datasets. Exploring the body of existing literature and expert views is an important step towards the development of consensus-based guidelines. The study comprises two parts: a systematic review of existing standards, frameworks and best practices for healthcare datasets; and a survey and thematic analysis of stakeholder views of bias, health equity and best practices for artificial intelligence as a medical device. We found that the need for dataset diversity was well described in literature, and experts generally favored the development of a robust set of guidelines, but there were mixed views about how these could be implemented practically. The outputs of this study will be used to inform the development of standards for transparency of data diversity in health datasets (the STANDING Together initiative).

Decentralized Wastewater Management in India: Stakeholder Views on Best Available Technologies and Resource Recovery

Three workshops with representatives of stakeholders from academia, business, civil society and government in India were organized in Chennai, Kolkata, and Mumbai with the aim to identify and elaborate on key barriers to resource recovery in wastewater treatment (WWT). A structured questionnaire was designed to capture the views of participating stakeholders. Using a new Mathematica function, namely, Around, the responses of the representatives of each stakeholder were aggregated to an approximate number representing that stakeholder’s view. Overall, the stakeholder consensus on WWT technologies was rather conservative, with a focus on the functioning of WWT. Concerning the drivers and barriers for resource recovery and policies to support the implementation of recycling technologies in WWT, stakeholders expected government action to drive recycling. A social network analysis identified potential conflicts between the stakeholder groups.

Closing the Gender Pay Gap: Analyst coverage, stakeholder attention, and gender differences in executive compensation

The gender pay gap among firms’ upper echelons is a prominent issue not only because it concerns equality in the workplace, but also because it may impact firms’ culture and performance. Responding to calls to better understand how stakeholder expectations and pressures might influence the gender pay gap, this study examines the role of a key stakeholder group, i.e., financial analysts, in curbing the executive gender pay gap. Drawing on the stakeholder and attention-based views of the firm, we contend that analyst coverage may counter the pay gap by: (a) raising other stakeholders’ attention on discriminatory pay-setting practices; and (b) reducing information asymmetries in the executive labor market. Both firm- and individual-level econometric analyses on a sample of 38,211 executives working in 3,473 firms support our hypothesis: an increase in analyst firm coverage helps to reduce the gender pay gap among the top executives of S&P 1500 firms between 1992 and 2016. Post-hoc analyses—that use the closure of brokerage houses as an exogeneous shock—lend further support to our claims. Our results advance the literature at the nexus of the stakeholder theory and attention-based view of the firm by unveiling the role of intermediaries in channeling the limited stakeholder attention to certain firms, contributing to the development of a stakeholder-based theory of executive pay.

The views of maternity care stakeholders on midwives' autonomy and its potential impact for midwifery education

The views of maternity care stakeholders on midwives' autonomy and its potential impact for midwifery education

Infrastructure Development in the UK: Key Drivers and Implementation Challenges.

Infrastructure is a critical factor in fostering strong and sustained economic growth, hence, sufficient attention should be given to the allocation of investment. Although UK infrastructure investment have risen in line with the global trend, the level of investment remains in the lower percentile when compared to other leading countries such as Singapore and China. The study examines the challenges of infrastructure development in the UK and explored the policies required to stimulate investment. Using semi-structured interviews, the views of key stakeholders involved in infrastructure operating across key sectors of transport and energy were captured to gain an insight into the key policy drivers of infrastructure investment. Findings from the research suggests that policy changes are required to stimulate significant investment if the UK is to become a world leader in infrastructure. Key criticisms of UK infrastructure policy focussed on comparatively low level of investment, inadequate collaboration between key stakeholders, and the regional bias of investment in favour of London which disproportionately affects the Northern regions. To facilitate economic growth, the identification of future investible pipeline of infrastructure projects, increasing collaboration with local stakeholders and addressing the regional biases will be critical to ensure synergy and ownership and to scale up the implementation of UK future infrastructure development plans. Considerations should also be given to the need to set up infrastructure banks similar to what is in operation in other countries such as China and Singapore to stimulate private investment and to complement public sector budget allocations. Improving infrastructure project implementation through institutional coordination will boost economic growth post Brexit, support the development of new trading agreements and enhance the country’s economic performance after the pandemic.

A three-country survey of stakeholders on Continuous Professional Development in Public Health

Abstract Background Health and social care systems in Eastern Partnership Countries are in the process of “digital transformation”, and health professionals started widespread use of digital registers and databases. This challenge highlights the importance of upskilling workforces. However, in some of these countries there are not well functioning Continuous Professional Development (CPD) systems available and less attention is paid to widening access to life-long learning (LLL) education at High Educational Institutions (HEIs). Study aimed to explore the view of stakeholders on the needs and perspectives of CPD in the Public Health on the example of Georgia, Armenia and Moldova. Methods Quantitative research method was used. A special questionnaire was designed for the study. Survey was administered in November-December 2022 in Georgia, Armenia and Moldova. Results In total, 122 stakeholders from various areas (Ministry of Health, PH institutions, hospitals, HEIs) participated in the survey with 58,7% being at a high management level and with 82.5% having more than 15 years of total working experience. The majority of respondents (94,6%) worked in the state sector. Study reveals several common needs and perspectives in all three countries. Majority of stakeholders (97,8%) suggested that there is a lack of qualified staff with the necessary competencies and skills. In addition, large share of stakeholders (95,7%) mentioned that there is a lack of training opportunities and relevant CPD Programs in e-health and digitalization, medical and social registries, electronic surveillance systems, as well lack of financial support (93,4%), absence of appropriate regulation (90,2%). Conclusions Stakeholders in Georgia, Armenia and Moldova considered that existing gaps can be filled through strengthening the national system of CPD and developing of high quality CPD Programs oriented on specific knowledge and skills in the Public Health. Key messages • It is important in Eastern Partnership Countries to develop CPD programs with a focus on digital skills according to the best European practice and experience. • High Educational Institutions can play a significant role in delivering LLL for the health workforce in Public Health.

The legal frameworks for protecting the rights to image publication in Saudi and Sudanese journalism; expounding the views of stakeholders

The protection of people' rights in the use of their photos in journalism publishing has been thoroughly examined in this research, with press freedom to access public data repository resources taken into account. Participants in the research were chosen from a cross-section of sectors in Sudan and Saudi Arabia. A total of 832 participants from a seven stakeholder groups in the two nations made up the sample. In Saudi Arabia, 56.85% (473) of the sample came from the six designated stakeholder groups (photojournalists, media editors, staff of governmental agencies, legal experts), whereas in Sudan, 43.15% (359) participated. Using relevant statistical tools, the study made key findings. According to the findings, approximately 50% of Saudi stakeholders and 86% Sudanese participants don't think that consent is required from people before their pictures are utilised in journalistic works. Over 81% of respondents from both Sudan and Saudi Arabia agree that protecting citizens' rights should be done in accordance with the legal framework of the country, but that journalists should be free to use digital resources in their publications. More than 80% of respondents agreed that photojournalists should put the public interest first while taking and publishing photos. It is thus concluded that state authorities must establish legal and ethical norms outlining the duties and obligations of photojournalists. Important considerations like privacy invasion, user permission, and public safety should all be baked into these rules.

Prospects for Expansion of Universal Newborn Screening in Bulgaria: A Survey among Medical Professionals.

Determining the scope of a newborn screening program is a challenging health policy issue. Our study aimed to explore the attitudes of specialists in pediatrics, neonatology, medical genetics, and biochemistry regarding the prospects for expanding the panel of diseases for universal newborn screening in Bulgaria. We conducted an online survey in March-May 2022. The questionnaire listed 35 disorders that could potentially be included in the Bulgarian panel for universal newborn screening. If endorsing a specific condition, participants had to justify their position by judging its performance against the ten principles of Wilson and Jungner. We found a high degree of knowledge about the current universal newborn screening program in Bulgaria. An overwhelming majority (97.4%) supported the expansion of the panel to include more conditions. Four disorders obtained more than 50% approval for inclusion: cystic fibrosis (87.0%), thalassemia (72.7%), spinal muscular atrophy (65.6%), and classical galactosemia (59.1%). The perception of the condition as an important health problem was the most significant factor in this support. The costs of diagnosis and treatment appeared to be the main source of concern. We recommend country-specific economic evaluations and research on the views of other stakeholders, including the government, payers, and patient organizations, to better understand and manage the complex nature of newborn screening policymaking.

Characterizing the Role of Surgical Vice Chair of Education: Stakeholder Needs and Current Practices

IntroductionThe role of a Department of Surgery (DoS) Vice Chair of Education (VCE) is a relatively new position intended to address the many changes and initiatives in medical education. The primary responsibilities and functions of a surgical VCE are not well described in the literature. This study examines the perceptions of stakeholders and current VCEs to develop a newly established position of VCE within an academic DoS. MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews of 13 faculties in our DoS. Each of these faculties hold the role of fellowship or residency program director. We also interviewed 13 VCEs from other departments within the same hospital system. Transcripts of these interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, comparing the data gathered from the two populations. ResultsThere was a consensus of positivity about the new VCE position by the stakeholders with some residual uncertainty about how it would affect their work. Four themes resulted from analysis of stakeholder interviews including advocacy for education, balance of clinical, research, and educational duties, departmental integration, and faculty development as educators. Three themes were generated from analysis of interviews of VCEs including leverage of experience, framework establishment, and leadership in education. ConclusionsAlthough exact VCE roles and responsibilities will be department dependent, this study may help other institutions craft their VCE positions and create a framework for understanding important stakeholder views.

Developing soft (employability) skills and work experience opportunities to prepare students with intellectual disability for open employment

AbstractThis research identifies the soft (employability) skills that key stakeholders view as essential for young people with intellectual disability (ID) to gain and maintain open employment. The study subsequently examined the work experience opportunities for young people with ID to develop these soft skills during their school years. Qualitative data from 89 participants (questionnaires and interviews) and a review of the current literature informed the development of a set of soft skills for open employment and a proposed model for work exposure programmes from the commencement to the conclusion of high school.

Using the Implementation Centric Evolving Climate Change Adaptation Process to bridge the gap between policy and action

With climate impacts increasing in both frequency and intensity and unprecedented climate events having devastating results, the need for timely policy and action to support adaption is not in doubt. However, the gap between policy and action leaves many communities exposed to extreme events and vulnerable to loss of life and livelihoods. This is partly due to the difficulty policymakers face when confronted by climate projections with their inherent uncertainties. Competing sectoral interests and a lack of resources often compound such challenges. To address these issues, the Implementation Centric Evolving Climate Change Adaptation Process (ICECCAP) encases the climate risk assessment in an enabling framework to track resource, knowledge and regulatory needs. This process was applied as part of a UNEP project to support the National Adaptation Plan in Pakistan. A range of climate storylines, describing plausible climate futures and their potential environmental and socio-economic impacts, were developed and discussed with local stakeholders, including policy makers from across levels of governance. The process allowed us to translate complex physical science into narratives that could be communicated clearly to non-technical national stakeholders, forming a basis for subsequent negotiation and decision-making at a local level to address multiple risks and respond to adaptation needs at this finer resolution. This reflects our aim, as part of the My Climate Risk network, to amalgamate bottom-up climate risk assessment with climate projection data that remains meaningful at a local scale. We show how the integration of scientific research and local expert stakeholder views can promote buy-in to adaptation planning. Grounded in a systemic and comprehensive understanding of potential impacts of climate change, this process has implications across socio-economic, environmental and governance spheres.

Halal Tourism By Stakeholder’s Perspective

This paper aims to identify halal tourism from the views of stakeholders. Considering that halal tourism is currently the main industry that contributes to increasing the country's economic growth, various stakeholders' points of view are needed in identifying the meaning of halal tourism. This paper uses narrative Literature Review by searching for research journals related to halal tourism on the Google Scholar database. Data was taken for the last 5 years starting from 2017 to 2021. This paper analyzes the halal tourism in various perspectives 1) The government describes that halal tourism is one of the strategies or branding to attract foreign tourists, so that the country's foreign exchange and tourism development in Indonesia are increasing. 2) The Ulama describe that branding of destination as halal tourism is not important, the most important thing is that tourism can provide halal services so that it makes Muslim tourists comfortable in traveling, 3) The destination managers and Muslim minorities state that halal tourism does not need to be embedded in destination services because it will reduce tourist interest. The results of this study can contribute to stakeholders in developing halal tourism in Indonesia, because halal tourism is a new concept, it needs specific thinking for stakeholders in making policies related to halal tourism.

Information needs and presentation in agile software development

Agile software companies applying the DevOps approach require collaboration and information sharing between practitioners in various roles to produce value. Adopting new development practices affects how practitioners collaborate, requiring companies to form a closer connection between business strategy and software development. However, the types of information management, sales, and development needed to plan, evaluate features, and reconcile their expectations with each other need to be clarified. To support practitioners in collaborating and realizing changes to their practices, we investigated what information is needed and how it should be represented to support different stakeholders in their tasks. Compared to earlier research, we adopted a holistic approach—by including practitioners throughout the development process—to better understand the information needs from a broader viewpoint. We conducted six workshops and 12 semi-structured interviews at three Finnish small and medium-sized enterprises from different software domains. Thematic analysis was used to identify information-related issues and information and visualization needs for daily tasks. Three themes were constructed as the result of our analysis. Visual information representation catalyzes stakeholder discussion, and supporting information exchange between stakeholder groups is vital for efficient collaboration in software product development. Additionally, user-centric data collection practices are needed to understand how software products are used and to support practitioners’ daily information needs. We also found that a passive way of representing information, such as a dashboard that would disturb practitioners only when attention is needed, was preferred for daily information needs. The software engineering community should consider reviewing the information needs of practitioners from a more holistic view to better understand how tooling support can benefit information exchange between stakeholder groups when making product development decisions and how those tools should be built to accommodate different stakeholder views.