Stages Of Sports Training Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Model Characteristics of Compliance with the Standards of the Federal Standard of Sports Training for the Sport “Cross-Country Skiing” by Cross-Country Skiers at the Stages of Sports Training

Comparative Analysis of Model Characteristics of Compliance with the Standards of the Federal Standard of Sports Training for the Sport “Cross-Country Skiing” by Cross-Country Skiers at the Stages of Sports Training

Determination of physical performance by energy supply of movements

Relevance. This article discusses the importance of controlling physical performance and the prevailing mechanisms of energy supply in achieving a certain level, as well as the possibility of subsequent management of training loads based on physical performance testing data.The purpose of the research is the practical application of methods for determining physical performance in the training of athletes.Methods and organization of research. An overview of existing methods for determining and evaluating physical performance, including those developed and used in the research laboratory of the Yekaterinburg Institute of Physical Culture, is provided. The variants of conclusions and interpretations of the pedagogical plan are described, which allow managing the training process.Conclusions. At different stages of sports training, the conditions of athletes change, which, when repeated tests, is reflected in the graphs characterizing physical performance

The influence of acrobatic means on the formation of special physical preparedness in Ukrainian belt wrestling at the specially grained stage

The popularity of belt wrestling forces domestic and foreign experts to reconsider the methods of organizing and conducting the training process on the types of belt wrestling, look for new ways to increase the level of special physical fitness of athletes, quality of study and improvement of technical and tactical actions in the training process, level of competitiveness. Therefore, increasing the level of special physical fitness of athletes at different stages of sports training is accompanied by the promotion of belt wrestling. Ukrainian belt wrestling is also gaining considerable popularity, both in Ukraine and in the world. International and European federations of Ukrainian belt wrestling has been established, and world and European championships are being held. The All-Ukrainian Federation of Ukrainian Belt Wrestling has 14 regional centers that develop Ukrainian belt wrestling among all age groups.
 The aim of the study: the formation of special physical fitness of athletes in the Ukrainian belt wrestling at the stage of specialized basic training. Research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature sources, psychophysiological research methods, pedagogical research methods, mathematical methods of scientific research data processing.
 Conclusions. As a result of the study it can be argued that increasing the share of acrobatic exercises and flexibility exercises in the preparatory part of the training session on Ukrainian wrestling on belts helped to improve the performance of special physical fitness of athletes and their functional status. As a result of the study, the special physical fitness of athletes in the experimental group improved by 19.2%, the highest results of special physical training were established by indicators: partner's throwing speed of 16.5%; running speed around the head 19%; flexibility of 25.6%.

Analysis of Novel Basketball Coaches: Pedagogical Content Knowledge Using Mixed Methodology.

The aim of this article is to know the role of learning tasks within the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of novel sports coaches in initial stages of sports training of children/young people and their impact on their daily work. Participants are two coaches in their first or second working year. A mixed methodology was used by means of polar coordinates analysis. The results agree with previous studies that established that (1) PCK of novel coaches presents deficits in task selection and modification, (2) motivation is the key factor determining tasks selection process, and (3) they do not know how much time they should dedicate to each task. Even so, better development was found in the PCK of the coaches.

Спортивна діяльність як один із компонентів у професійній підготовці співробітників силових структур та відомств України

The relevance of the study is determined by the growing demands on the level of physical training of law enforcement officers in today's conditions. The importance of our intelligence is also due to the need for specialists in law enforcement agencies and departments that have a high level of physical training and are able to protect citizens; the need to adjust the content of professional and applied physical training. The article presents theoretical and methodological principles of applied sports activities in law enforcement agencies and departments. The state of elaboration of the problem in the modern scientific and methodological literature is studied. The level of physical fitness in law enforcement agencies and departments is highlighted; stages of sports training are considered; the purpose and objectives of sports training; general concepts and nature of the load; developed additional exercises for the application of sports activities in law enforcement agencies and departments.

Hygienic aspects of assessment of the diet of athletes at the training stage of sports training

Hygienic aspects of assessment of the diet of athletes at the training stage of sports training

ON INFLUENCE OF GENERAL AND SPECIAL PHYSICAL TRAINING ON PROCESS OF STAGE TRAINING OF ATHLETES

The article is devoted to a study on the impact of general and special physical training on the process of stage training of athletes. The author analyzed the development of the process of training athletes in the context of physical culture and sports. The article analyzes and discloses the main tasks of general physical training and the dynamics of passing the standards of the OFP and SFP at the stages of sports training, in accordance with the requirements of the FSSP in percentage ratio for three years. In the article, the author gives a generalized characteristic of the basis for the education of physical qualities and for the physical training of the athlete, resulting from specific laws of sports improvement. In general, the author concludes that one of the main features is that the athlete’s physical training organically combines her two sides of general and special physical training. Thus, in general, the use of the described techniques can be useful to physical education teachers and sports coaches in order to increase the professional training of teachers.

Ways to optimize the training process for the development special working capacity of skiers-racers

The article considers the development of special working capacity of skiers-racers with the use of work-rest regimes, which is an effective means of selective influence on the indicators of general and special working capacity, coordination structure of movements, reactions of body service systems.
 The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of different modes of alternation of work with rest and the tasks of action in the training lesson when using the segment of 1000-2000 m on the change of individual elements of technology, speed, speed endurance when overcoming climbs.
 Objective of the study: to determine the cumulative effect of the use of different modes of alternation of work with rest on the change of the main indicators of special performance of skiers in the process of training lessons.
 The research methodology consisted of the use of repeated functional loads.
 A technical and tactical model of competitive behavior at a distance in the process of training and competition depending on the conditions and relief of the competitive distance is proposed.
 A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of training programs at different stages of sports training showed the advantage of the method of development of special ability to work, based on the principle of selective and variable influence of lesson models with known effects on the athlete.
 The results of research allow us to create models of training lessons that selectively affect different body systems and contribute to more accurate management of the development of special working ability.
 The use of these models in the general structure of the methodology for the development of special working capacity creates an opportunity to comprehensively influence the person as a complex organized system of self-regulation.
 The practical use of the research results optimizes the process of sports training management for a longer period of time.

FEATURES OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SPORTS COACH

The basis of sports are interconnected activities: training, coaching, competitions. Achieving success in sports requires a high level of formation not only of physical qualities and motor skills, but also psychological readiness for training and competitiveloads. The inability to control one’s emotions can nullify years of training. The coach and the sports psychologist are key figures in preparing the athlete for the main starts. Their main professional responsibilities include: timely study of individual characteristics of the athlete’s psyche, development of an individual plan for the development of abilities, strategies of pre-competitive and competitive behavior, formation of necessary mental qualities to win, creating psychologically comfortable conditions in sports, identifying ways to overcome emotional burnout in crisis periods that are caused by various reasons: defeat in the competition, transfer to another team, change of coach, problems in personal life, etc. The tandem “athlete-coach” in the context of psychological interaction and mutual understanding is a basic lever in the education of personal qualities and achieving high sports results.In the context of our study, we distinguish a number of professional functions of a modern coach - educational, managerial, regulatory, formative, gnostic, socio-psychological. The main function that allows to exercise psychological influence and control over the condition of the athlete at different stages of sports training is socio-psychological. This function, on the one hand, requires the coach to be able to establish contact with students, clearly, accurately and clearly explain the requirements for athletes, and on the other - to provide psychological support, create a psychologically comfortable microclimate in the sports team and more.A detailed analysis of the socio-psychological function of the coach suggests that the coach must have a number of theoretical knowledge, professional and practical skills, language, public speaking, communication skills, ability to make managerial decisions, experience of their own sports, have a high level of empathy, stress, etc., the symbiosis of which allows him to have ahigh level of leadership, authority, competence.

The Neuromuscular Characteristics of Gymnasts' Jumps and Landings at Particular Stages of Sports Training.

Safe and proper landings are crucial elements of gymnastics events. Long-term training leads to specific neuromuscular adaptations which are yet to be explored in terms of gymnastic landings. The aim of the study was to assess differences in landings’ neuromuscular characteristics between gymnasts at three subsequent gymnastic training stages and age-matched non-athletes. Forty-six gymnasts (G) and 58 controls (C) performed countermovement jumps on a force plate with simultaneous surface electromyography (SEMG) of lower body muscles, measured during the pre-(100 ms) and post-landing phase (0-100 and 0-200 ms). Three age groups participated in the study: 8–10 (G1, C1), 12–14 (G2, C2), 18–25 (G3, C3) years. Analysis included the normalized root mean square (NRMS) SEMG signal and ground reaction forces (GRFs). Gymnasts achieved 13% higher values (p = 0.04) of relative peak GRFs in comparison with controls. It was especially seen in 8–10-year-olds: G1 presented 33% higher (p = 0.03) results than C1 and G2. In SEMG analysis, gymnasts showed overall lower NRMS values in comparison with the controls. In the pre-landing phase, the NRMS in the rectus femoris was from 1.6 up to 3.4 times higher for C1 (p = 0.02) than for C2, G2, C3, and G3. Gymnasts across subsequent training stages exhibit different patterns of neuromuscular coordination during landings. The highest GRF observed in the youngest gymnasts may be a potential risk factor of injuries. Therefore, further injury-focused investigation is recommended to monitor landing strategies among gymnasts of different stages with particular emphasis on the beginners.

Тенденция современной модели силовой подготовки спринтера

The article presents the results of a study aimed at forming a general model of sprinter strength training, taking into account modern trends and scientific achievements, presented in the form of technology and combined techniques aimed at developing the physical quality under study. The general model was based on an approach based on the concentration of a given focus at specific stages of sports training, which determined the requirements for the distribution of the volume of training load while maintaining the optimal integration into a holistic system that takes into account the qualifications of athletes. According to the results of the pedagogical experiment analysis, interpretation, and statistical processing of the obtained data, it was concluded about the importance of strength training sprinters in the system of sports training of athletes specializing in short distances, as well as the positive impact of the structural-functional model of strength training, which indicates the possibility of its application in modern practice, the coaches.

Higher achievement sport development strategy: psychological and pedagogical aspect

The article outlines the principles of the strategy for the development of high-performance sports from the point of view of the psychological and pedagogical aspect. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the importance of psychological and pedagogical support of high-performance sports in the modern realities of society development. The strategy for the development of psychological and pedagogical support is presented in the form of four interrelated components: the principles, goals, objectives and technologies of psychological and pedagogical training. The work focuses on the key directions of strategy of high performance sport development and suggests the ways of their implementation based on the formulated principles of: humanization, integrity, activity, common unity, special training and psychological support of the athlete at different stages of sports training, personality-oriented approach, professional validity and expediency, objectivity, consciousness, the relationship of training and education.

Stages of sports training in badminton and its content

Stages of sports training in badminton and its content

Особливості побудови тренувального макроциклу велосипедистів новачків

The article is devoted to insufficiently researched issues on the training of cross-country racers at the stage of initial training. Making mistakes in the practical activities of the coach at the initial stage of training novice athletes leads to a delay in sports improvement at the subsequent stages of sports training. This article analyzes the structure of training of cyclists at the stage of initial training. The focus of training loads and their dynamics in the process of long-term training of athletes-cyclists specializing in cross-country are considered. The analysis of the study of the training of athletes – cyclists in the process of many years of training showed that today the main goal of training in this direction is the physical improvement of the student's body, health promotion, the development of various physical, psychological and volitional qualities. Thus, the so-called «foundation» for further sports improvement of sports skills is laid for the future. The article experimentally substantiates the optimal parameters of training loads and indicators of their readiness at the stage of initial training in the annual cycle of training cyclists. A comparative analysis of the use of training load in the control and experimental groups is disclosed. The increase in physical qualities over the period of the experiment was revealed. The parameters of training work at the stage of initial training in group A were only 423 hours, including theoretical training – 17 hours, general physical training – 164 hours, special physical training – 184 hours, technical training – 59, control standards 4 times a year, competitions – 6 hours. The parameters of training work in group B per year were only 456 hours, including theoretical training – 11 hours, general physical training – 183 hours, special physical training – 182 hours, technical training – 80, control standards 2-3 times a year, competitions – 10 hours.

Features of sports selection of basketball students

The article defines the main criteria for sports selection in basketball. The features of selection in the system of long-term training of basketball players in Ukraine and abroad are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the literature in this area, the main criteria for sports selection at the initial stage of training basketball students have been established. Basketball in our country continues to gain more and more popularity as a spectacular and emotional kind of sports games. Modern trends in the development of basketball require Ukrainian athletes to fully realize their game potential. It is known that the preliminary stage, followed by a chain of pedagogical and organizational means of a long-term training system, is the selection of young athletes. The quality of the first stage of selection depends on the effectiveness of solving the problems of the next stages of sports training of basketball players, as well as the full implementation of the existing talents of children in sports abilities.

The influence of skiing and cycling on the coordination abilities of young athletes 10-11 years old

The article presents the indicators of physical fitness and coordination abilities of young athletes 10-11 years old. Under the influence of specific physical loads in accordance with the chosen kind of sport, data on speed and speed- power qualities were obtained, as well as the level of coordination abilities of young athletes of 10-11 years old. Objective. To determine the coordinating abilities of young athletes 10-11 years old during nine months of training in the chosen kind of sport. Skiing and cycling are extreme sports. But the material, technical, scientific and methodological support in these sports in Ukraine is at an insufficient level in comparison with Europe and America. Numerous studies have shown that the development of coordination abilities at a young age at the initial stage of long-term training must be combined with technical training.
 It is also noted that it is impossible at a young age to predict an athletic result in a chosen sport without taking into account the functional features and especially technical skill. At the present stage, there is no doubt that the high intensity of use in the training process of exercises that provide the maximum efficiency of specific exercises of a coordination orientation.
 At the same time, one-sided emphasis on technical training, especially at the initial stages of sports training, following the data of researchers, leads to limitation of motor actions. Therefore, our research is devoted to a relevant topic. The physical fitness testing of 10-11 year old sportsmen, carried out by us at the beginning and at the end, showed positive dynamics in all indicators. Statistical changes were determined in cyclists relative to skiers in pulling up on the crossbar, in raising the legs on the crossbar, in jumping over a log in 20 s, in long jump from a place (p <0,05). The training methodology introduced into the training process of young cyclists positively influenced the level of coordination abilities of young athletes of 10-11 years old. The growth rate turned out to be 8,4 % higher in walking on an 8-meter bench, by 7,0 % in the difference between a 15-meter run and a 15-meter slalom run, by 4,2 % in a 10-meter shuttle run 3 cubes each for cyclists relative to skiers.

ДИНАМІЧНА М'ЯЗОВА ВИТРИВАЛІСТЬ У ЗВ'ЯЗКУ ЗІ СТАНОМ ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНИХ ФУНКЦІЙ КВАЛІФІКОВАНИХ СПОРТСМЕНОК

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between dynamic muscular endurance of the hand (according to the tapping test) with the state of psychophysiological functions of qualified female handball players at different stages of sports training. Diagnostic complex "Diagnostics-1" (MV Makarenko, VS Lyzogub) was used to determine the state of psychophysiological functions of athletes, the maximum rate ofmovement of the brush. Dynamic muscular endurance of the right and left brushs, properties of the nervous system (functional mobility and strength of nervous processes), the effectiveness of sensorimotor activity and the dynamics of nervous processes, the latency period of a complex reaction of choice, the accuracy of the reaction to a moving object were studied in accordance with the purpose of the study. Dynamic muscular endurance of subdominant hand was significantly higher in older female athletes. There is a tendency to increase the dynamic muscular endurance of the dominant hand in older female athletes. The asymmetry according to the indicators of the tapping test between the right and left hand was lower in the older age group than in the younger age group. In general, the results indicate a higher level of dynamic muscular endurance of both arms in older female athletes, who are more adapted to long-term specific physical activity. That is, the improvement of special training in handball leads to the development of dynamic muscular endurance. This is confirmed by the results of the correlation analysis of the obtained data: dynamic muscular endurance of the subdominant arm was associated with the experience of sports training. The maximum rate of movement of the brush of both hands in the surveyed female athletes was associated with the strength of nervous processes and the accuracy of the reaction to a moving object. The dynamic muscular endurance of the dominant hand' brush was associated with the functional mobility of nervous processes.

The role of posturography on the initial stage of sports training

One of the main directions in the wrestlers training on the initial stage of sports training is the formation of the wrestler’s motion coordination abilities. Equilibrium function and anthropometric data including wrestler’s gender have essential differences in connection both with the child’s biological specialities and choosen athletic discipline special aspects. This research is focused on comparsion of variations in kinetic postural control affected by the lassitude among young athletes and non-athletes. 16 girl childs - freestyle wrestlers participates in this research. They are on initial stage of sports training. The control group consisted of 14 girl childs irrelevant to sports. There was made a hypothesis that the wrestlers lassitude can be measured subjectively (with the Borg scale) and objectively (with the stabilometrics), and that the wrestlers will better control their body position than the girls irrelevant to sports. Tecnobody Pro-Kin stabilometric platform was used to measure postural balance. There was determined statistically significant positive relationship of the investigated parameters changes between groups. As a result of the research we can make a conclusion that the offered method can provide reliable data concerning wrestler’s lassitude level. Analogues data are received with the rating of perceived exertion by Borg’s scale. As the result we can conclude that the offered postural balance research method is valid for the wrestler’s lassitude rating and can be used as a component of the complex athletes control system.

Начальный этап спортивной подготовки детей с поражениями опорно-двигательного аппарата в адаптивном плавании

We present the analysis of sports motor skills development in children with musculoskeletal disorders by means of adaptive swimming. The developed methods of sports training for children with musculoskeletal disorders in adaptive swimming at the initial stage were designed for three years. All participants were students of the adaptive swimming school. The significance of the presented study lies in the fact that the knowledge about the content of private adaptive swimming techniques in the system of sports training for children with musculoskeletal disorders is analyzed, presented and supplemented. We expand the concept of the effectiveness of adaptive swimming use in increasing the level of physical activity and sports preparedness of children with musculoskeletal disorders to solve the problems of their social integration. The provisions reflecting the structure and content of the educational process of adaptive swimming at the initial stage of sports training are disclosed. Features of the training process depend on the degree of motor and functional capabilities of children with musculoskeletal disorders. An analysis of the pedagogical experiment results is presented, which reflects a change in indicators of physical development, physical and functional fitness of children with musculoskeletal disorders.

Взаємозв’язок спеціальної і функціональної підготовленості борців вільного стилю на різних етапах спортивної підготовки

The presented experimental data indicate that at all stages of the long-term training of freestyle wrestlers between the ages of 11–12 years old and 17–18 years old there are reliable relationships between the indicators of special and functional readiness. The greatest numbers of reliable relationships have tests on special preparedness – “rushing on the wrestler's bridge in 1 minute”, “coups on the wrestler's bridge in 1 minute”. The conducted studies confirm the reliably high interconnection of the components of special and functional preparedness when training adolescents and young men in wrestling. Separate components of these types of training change the information content depending on the stages of preparation, require changes in the total and selective amounts of training loads. Purpose : explore the relationship of the main components of the special and functional preparedness of adolescents and young men engaged in freestyle wrestling at different stages of many years of sports training. Material & Methods: the study is organized on the basis of the Olympic College of Ivan Poddubny with the participation of 90 athletes aged 11 to 18 years. In the course of the experiment, the following methods were used: theoretical analysis, synthesis of practical experience, pedagogical testing, pulsometry, reflexometry, heat measurement, mathematical statistics, correlation analysis. Results: the interrelation of special and functional preparedness of freestyle wrestlers from 11 to 18 years old, studying at different stages of sports training, is established. Conclusions: the study of the problem of the relationship of special and functional preparedness of freestyle wrestlers requires the development of an integrated methodology using the idea of a systems approach. At all stages of athletic training for teenagers and young men aged 11–12 years old to 17–18 years old engaged in freestyle wrestling, there are reliable relationships between the components of special and functional preparedness. According to the informativeness of these indicators vary from the stage of preparation; it requires changes in the volume of training loads of selective and general orientation.