On the current stage of economic and geo-political development of the country, that can be characterized by weakening of foreign-economic relations with unfriendly countries, sanctions against Russian economy and blocking the access to import technologies strategically important for Russian production, issues dealing with Russian economy arrival on the advanced technological level become more and more acute. Ensuring technological sovereignty of national economy in crucial industries is a top-priority task for attaining this goal and academic research of technological sovereignty is especially topical today. Thus, the present article studies essential and conceptual characteristics of economy technological sovereignty. By analyzing academic literature the author identified three scientific and practical approaches to understanding the essence of technological sovereignty: technological sovereignty as a component of economic and national security; technological sovereignty as an element of open-type economy; technological sovereignty as a factor of geo-political development and as a level of science and technological development collated with global one. The article shows strategic basis of technological sovereignty in Russia. And finally, the author came to the conclusion that the vector of Russian economy development combined with achieving technological independence of national economy is strategically true.

Investment is basically the initial stage of economic development. The influx of investment has a positive impact on regional development, so the government's role is needed to attract new investors. This research aims to analyze the distribution of investment patterns and the extent of the influence of per capita income, infrastructure, labor and crime on investment in West Sumatra Province. This research uses panel data obtained from various government institutions during the time period 2017 - 2021. The methods used in this research are theil entropy index and panel data regression. The research results show that the pattern of investment distribution initially tended to be spread out and changed to tend to be concentrated in the category of moderate inequality, crime has a negative and significant effect on investment, while per capita income, infrastructure and labor do not have a significant effect on investment.

"Abstract. Today, as a result of digitalization, the development of information and communication technologies, the transition to a new stage of economic development, as well as a number of other sociological, geographical, and economic factors, changes are occurring in labor relations. In particular, atypical labor relations are different from traditional labor relations; modern forms of employment are becoming increasingly popular and occupy a strong place in the labor market. Therefore, the differentiation of traditional labor relations from atypical labor relations and legislative regulation of the labor of workers working in atypical forms of employment is one of the important tasks facing us. This article examines the manifestations of changes in labor relations and the emergence and popularization of modern, atypical types of employment. Research and reports from the International Labour Organization and the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions were analyzed regarding atypical labor relations. Atypical types of employment existing in developed countries, such as remote work, secondment (temporarily sending an employee on a business trip to another employer), outstaffing, one-time work, etc., which have atypical features included in our national legislation and differ from traditional employment, have been studied in comparison. "

Giorgi Abashidze E-mail: giorgi.abashidze@bsu.edu.ge PhD student Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University. Assistant of Batumi Navigation Teaching University Batumi,Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3233-6890 Abstract: One of the most significant processes currently underway in the modern economic system is the digital transformation, which results in the digitization of all economic sectors and creates the digital economy. This represents the current stage of economic development that affected all areas of human life and changed the way the economy functions and the way people live. The production processes, organizational relationships, distribution networks, marketing strategies, customer communication forms, and the way in which customers get goods and services have all undergone substantial change as a result of digital transformation. Consequently, the economic system is shifting from traditional markets to interconnected networks, from traditional consumers to active prosumer, from ownership-based models to access-based models, and from a consumer-driven economy to a sustainable economy (Rifkin, 2015). It should be mentioned that unlike traditional industries, which lack access to digital technologies, digital business and entrepreneurship can raise the rate of economic growth and create jobs in a short period of time. The digital economy has risen 2.5 times faster than the global GDP over the last 16 years (Huawei and Oxford Economics, 2017). Today, we are living in the process of the digital revolution, or the fourth industrial revolution, which has put a strong demand on individual countries to start digital transformation. This is critically important for small countries that are not rich in natural resources. As a result, it's critical to evaluate the current stage of digital business growth, trends in the emergence of digital business models and entrepreneurial initiatives, as well as the difficulties associated with the digitization of traditional industries. The study highlights the benefits of digital entrepreneurship and business over traditional ones. The stages of traditional businesses' digital transition are discussed, along with the models of digital business and entrepreneurship that are currently in use. Keywords: Digital Economy, Society 5.0, Technological Revolution, Transformation JEL classification: O3, L86.

ABSTRACT By analysing a panel dataset of 63 provinces of Vietnam (2004 − 2021), this study demonstrated that there was a causal relationship between income inequality (measured by the Gini coefficient, income gap, and the income share of the top 20%) and economic growth (expressed by real GDP per capita). The Kuznets curve, which is a well-known inverted U-shaped relationship between real per capita GDP and income inequality, was found by applying the robust fixed-effects method (FEM). In Vietnam during 2004 − 2021, economic growth first increased income inequality and later reduced it at a higher stage of economic development. This empirical evidence demonstrates that the Kuznets curve is an apparent empirical phenomenon in both national and provincial data. The Two-step System GMM Estimation examined the impact of income inequality and other socioeconomic factors on GDP per capita and showed the significant positive impact of income inequality, investment, employment rate, and education attainment, as well as a significant negative impact of headline inflation and the urbanization rate on economic development. Moreover, the results show that not literacy rate but educational attainment (the percentage of the population aged 15 years and older with a bachelor’s degree or higher) significantly influence economic growth.

Assessing the effectiveness of organization management is one of the most important economic tasks. It is of particular relevance at the present stage of economic development, complicated by fierce competition, uncertainty in the external environment, shortage of raw materials, globalization of business, and modern challenges. Digital transformation helps to identify weakest and strongest points for Russian and Belarusian companies that find themselves under sanctions and formulate the right approaches to increasing efficiency by eliminating barriers in selected areas of activity. Research shows that today new business models are needed to effectively manage an organization so that manufacturers can shape their potential and value to consumers meeting their expectations.

Abstract The main aim of this paper is to explore economic inequality in ‘the Belt and Road’ region where the investigation of the economic status is important but remains underdeveloped. The application of night‐time satellite imagery in 2015 can effectively make up for the shortcomings of insufficient data at various scales, especially for developing countries. We explored inequality at a multi‐scale level using the Theil decomposition method. As a result, (1) night‐time light data can present economic development and assess inequality in ‘the Belt and Road’ region. (2) The between‐sub‐region inequality contributed most to disparity, while the between‐country inequality was the least. Night‐time light data in West Asia and Central and Eastern Europe was higher than that in other sub‐regions. Countries within Central, Southeast and West Asia exhibited high inequalities, indicating an obvious sub‐regional pattern. (3) Both positive and negative impacts of economic growth on inequality are observed, indicating that ‘the Belt and Road’ countries are in different stages of economic development. Nightlight satellite imagery can effectively monitor social‐economic development and will play an important role in the implementation of ‘the Belt and Road’ initiative and achieving the sustainable development goals.

Changes in the size, composition, and distribution of the population are closely associated with the demographic structure of the workforce. On the other hand, the workforce participation rates vary according to the stages of economic development, across cultures, age groups, and between sexes (R. B. Bhagat and K. C. Das, 2008). It is an indicator of a growing society (Pant, 1992). Thus, occupational structure is the most important demographic aspect in explaining the economic well-being structure of the inhabitantsof the region. The occupational structure, in turn, is influenced by the participation rates and related features, such as the growth and levels of farm and rural non-farm activities. An attempt is made in this study to examine the emerging trends in the occupational structure of the population in the Malaprabha River Basin area from 1971 to 2011. More specifically, the spatio-temporal analysis of the work participation rates in total and farm sectors among males and females in the talukas of the study area This study is based upon secondary sources of data, and though the study area is a natural region, the talukas or tehsils have been taken as units of study. The findings suggest that there are undoubtedly significant changes in work participation rates between farm and non-farm sectors and between males and females in the study area. To overcome this context, some developmental policies such as youth employment is one of the prime focus areas of SHGs. This can bring prosperity to workers in far-off rural areas.

Education plays a crucial role in the growth of both society and the economy, serving as the foundation upon which progress is built. However, it is not enough to simply have an education system in place; it must be continually improved and developed to meet the changing needs of society. With the progress of economic development, the width of education continues to expand, people pay attention to quality education increasingly, among which the popularity of music education is also changing. In order to further enhance the popularity of music education in the future, while looking for new ways to promote economic growth, it needs to explore the connection between the two. This paper discusses the relationship between the popularity of music education and the level of economic development. By studying the changing trend of the economic development stage and the popularity of music education since New China and the popularity of music education in the context of the significant economic development gap between countries in the world, the basic idea of promoting the popularity of music education and economic development can be found : economic development and the popularity of music education promote each other. In the future, by coordinating the development of the two, mutual promotion can be achieved and get twice the result with half the effort.

Sustainable economic development is a hot issue in current research, and it is of great significance to analyze the effects of air pollution and population agglomeration on sustainable economic development. This study collects the relevant data released by the Chinese government from 2011–2021, and empirically analyzes the method of constructing an individual one-factor fixed-effects model in order to explore the impacts of SO2 emissions and population agglomeration on sustainable economic development. Through the analysis, it is found that SO2 emissions are negatively correlated with sustainable economic development, and the direction and intensity of its influence are affected by urbanization level, industrial structure, and living standards of residents. The influence of population agglomeration on economic sustainable development is positively correlated. Meanwhile, through the sub-regional study, we further confirmed that the impact of the above influencing factors on the sustainable economic development of different regions is different. Therefore, in order to promote sustainable economic development, it is necessary to further identify the stage of sustainable economic development according to the actual situation of different regions, and to effectively integrate factors including the environment, population, urbanization, industrial structure, etc.

The emergence of fundamentally new products is conditioned both by the development of techniques and technologies and by the emerging new needs and conditions of economic and social life of society. In this case, the process of achieving product dominance in the market has a progressive cyclical character in the form of a spiral pattern, the movement along which occurs with acceleration. At the current stage of economic development, most states have problems expanding sales of products and capturing new markets. These problems today are described in the works of various scientists; the research of the authors touches upon the issues of economic development. Today’s economic conditions, which are characterized by the application of sanctions pressure on a large scale, do not assess the opposite effect, when the countries that are subjected to this pressure, and the countries that organize this pressure, suffer economic damage. Some suffer damage in the form of reduced ability to produce knowledge-intensive products by providing them with imported materials and components, others who exert this pressure, by reducing the sales of their products, and in this case, it is relevant to build a mechanism for assessing mutual structural links for import substitution of high-tech transfer in the management of the life cycle of radical new products, which in our view is useful for those or other countries. The hypothesis is that the modeling of mutual structural relations of high-tech transfer in the management of the life cycle of radical new products will significantly improve the mechanisms of industrial policy management and national technological security and ensure sustainable economic development. The aim of the study is the task of developing a mechanism of mutual structural links and assessing the synergetic economic effect based on the approach of intersectoral links, interactions and interdependencies. In the course of the research, the following tasks are solved: the necessity to adequately replace high-tech imports within the framework of national technological security is substantiated, for this purpose it is necessary to create unique equipment for the system of RNP production; the assessment of the possibility of realization of such a task is carried out; the assessment of high-tech competencies of science and production, technical and resource readiness (configuration of the RNP system) is necessary, and a complex model for the assessment of structural and mutual linkages in the economy of innovation is developed. The modeling performed by the authors allowed us to assess the structure of domestic high-tech imports and the coefficients of mutual linkage of imports. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the conducted research makes it possible to significantly improve the efficiency of management of innovation processes of high-tech transfer to ensure the creation of a system of production of radically new products at the levels of organization, industry or national economy, which will ensure stable economic development. For this purpose, the structure and dynamics of high-tech imports of the Russian Federation have been analyzed and calculated, taking into account critical technologies and industries. The multiplier effects in high-tech industries of the Russian economy taking into account imports were analyzed on the basis of the latest actual detailed data of Rosstat. The estimation of the mutual relationship of imports and application of the developed toolkit for the example “Mechanical equipment, machine tools and other equipment for general or special purposes” is carried out.

Abstract The Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area is becoming a new world economic centre, but research on the law of academic talent mobility in the Greater Bay Area is still scarce at present. This study builds an overall analysis framework, introduces the curriculum vitae analysis method, and systematically collects resumes of academics from universities in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao. Through this, we try to find the stock, distribution, study origin and inflow of academic talents in the Greater Bay Area, the internal mobility of academic talents in the Greater Bay Area, and the global mobility network of academic talents in the Greater Bay Area. Academic mobility is a significant topic in higher education research, closely related to higher education's competitiveness and attractiveness. This research is of positive significance for clarifying the basic situation of academic talents in the Greater Bay Area, scientifically carrying out talent planning during the new stage of China's national economic and social development, and scientifically attracting talents based on the law of talent mobility.

Bangladesh has a significant opportunity to boost economic development by increasing its contributions to international trade. Therefore, this study is aimed at presenting the trends of exporting in the early stages of economic development. Bangladesh's foreign trade trends from 2015 to 2019 revealed a positive growth trajectory despite a slight dip in goods imports. The anticipated decline in foreign trade performance in 2020 is reflective of the global challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the rate of receiving foreign exchange from the integrated foreign export of shrimp, leather, shoes, and pharmaceutical products is constantly increasing. The main exports, encompassing products like clothing, raw jute, leather, fish, and frozen seafood, play a vital role in driving the country's export dynamics. The country has achieved remarkable success in export expansion because of the RMG industry. It was found that total exports of goods rose to 37.94 billion U.S. dollars in 2019. However, the subsequent recovery in 2021 is evident, with notable growth in both imports and exports. Despite a persistently negative trade balance, the resilience showcased by Bangladesh in the face of challenges underscores its ability to rebound and adapt to changing circumstances.

The article is devoted to the organizational, economic, and legal mechanisms that increase the security and efficiency of resource management of innovatively oriented hospitality industry enterprises in the context of digitalization. The study, crucial for the future of the hospitality industry, aimed to investigate the organizational, economic, and legal mechanisms for enhancing the security and efficiency of resource management in innovatively oriented hospitality enterprises within the context of digitalization. Given that one of the strategic tasks of the modern stage of development of the hospitality industry is to saturate the market with appropriate services that provide rationality and economy in the use of the critical resources of the enterprise: land, material, intangible, labor, financial, informational, time and entrepreneurial, its implementation determines the need the development of specific measures and the formation of a set of tools that would ensure the accelerated introduction of the hospitality industry to a new stage of economic development with further improvement of the efficiency of the production and economic potential of economic entities. The above actualizes the study of the organizational, economic, and legal mechanism of increasing the security efficiency of resource management of innovatively oriented enterprises of the hospitality industry in the context of digitalization. The directions for increasing the efficiency of the use of resources of innovatively oriented enterprises of the hospitality industry within the proposed mechanism are divided as follows: improving the quality of technical equipment, especially in the field of service provision; introduction of resource-saving technologies; introduction of new equipment and technology based on the achievements of scientific and technical progress; increasing the level of automation and robotization of technological processes and auxiliary works; reduction of production losses and waste; improvement of technological methods of production, reduction of waste and loss of resources due to the above-mentioned factors; ensuring the high quality of raw materials and materials necessary for the provision of services; introduction of new types of raw materials; improving the quality of services; selection of the most rational order forms; increasing the level of specialization of innovatively oriented enterprises of the hospitality industry. Keywords: organizational and economic mechanism, legal mechanism, security, efficiency, resource management, innovation-oriented enterprises, hospitality industry, digitalization.

In the critical stage of China's economic development towards "risk prevention" and "stable growth", the importance of preventing debt risk and incentivizing business innovation has gradually become more prominent, so it is necessary to study the impact of local government debt (LGD) on business innovation. Based on the existing studies on the relationship between LGD and business innovation, this paper summarizes and analyzes them in an attempting to clarify the mechanisms through which LGD acts on business innovation. The study shows that LGD crowds out enterprise research and development (R&D) investment by increasing financing constraints, inhibiting business innovation by weakening enterprise risk-taking capacity, and positively and negatively affecting business innovation through debt investment in different industries and debt-service dependence. In addition, this paper shows that LGD has a stronger crowding-out effect on exploratory innovation of enterprises and on enterprises that are not state-owned, large enterprises and those located in areas with low financial levels. The above conclusions can provide reference for preventing debt risk, promoting business innovation and boosting economic development.

Air pollution levels tend to be higher in urban areas than in surrounding rural areas, and this air pollution has a negative effect on human health. However, the spatiotemporal patterns of urban–rural air pollution differences and the determinants of these differences remain unclear. Here, we calculate the Urban Air Pollution Island (UAPI) intensity for PM2.5 and PM10 on a monthly, seasonal, and annual scale for 2273 cities in China from 2000 to 2020. Subsequently, we analyze the influence of urban characteristics using a combined approach of a two-way fixed effects model and a spatial Durbin model. Results show a strong downward trend in the UAPI intensity since 2013, with reductions ranging from 42 % to 61 % until 2020, for both pollutants and in summer as well as winter. Consistently, the proportion of the cities experiencing the UAPI phenomenon decreased from 94.5 % to 77.3 % for both PM2.5 and PM10. We find a significant influence of urban morphology on UAPI. Specifically, urban sprawl, polycentric development, and an increase in urban green spaces are associated with a reduction in UAPI, while dense urban areas intensify it. Our study also reveals a robust inverted U-shaped relationship between stages of economic development and UAPI. Moreover, economic development and air pollution itself show spillover effects that oppose their direct impacts. These results suggest that urban and regional planning and more ambitious climate change mitigation policies could be more effective strategies for mitigating air pollution in cities than end-of-pipe control.

This study examines the relationship between economic factors and environmental sustainability in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries from 1990 to 2022, with a particular focus on the impact of renewable energy consumption and environmental technologies on CO2 emissions. The research utilizes empirical data to establish a clear negative correlation between the adoption of renewable energy sources and the level of CO2 emissions, highlighting the effectiveness of renewable energy in reducing the environmental impact of economic activities. This finding supports the theoretical perspective that transitioning to cleaner energy sources is vital for achieving environmental sustainability and aligns with the objectives of the OECD’s environmental sustainability program. Further analysis reveals a significant negative impact of environmental technologies on CO2 emissions, underscoring the importance of technological innovation in environmental conservation efforts. The study also explores the dual influence of GDP growth, urbanization, industrialization, and trade on CO2 emissions, revealing both positive and negative effects across different stages of economic development. Initially, these factors contribute to increased emissions, but as economies mature and integrate more efficient and cleaner technologies, their impact on emissions becomes negative. These findings demonstrate the complex interplay between economic development and environmental sustainability and emphasize the need for policies that encourage renewable energy adoption, support environmental technological innovations, and guide economies towards sustainable practices. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, advocating for an integrated approach to ensure long-term environmental sustainability in OECD countries.

Purpose: The present stage of economic development is the basis for this empirical inquiry, which shows that foreign direct investment (FDI) significantly affects the destination countrys steady, high-quality, and healthy economic growth. To attract more international investment, every country experiencing economic globalisation is working to provide a favourable climate for businesses. Design/Methodology/Approach: I gathered five global institutional metrics global inflation, global gross domestic product, global production manager index, dollar index, and global equity index from the DPIIT websites secondary data for the years 2013-2023. These metrics form the basis of my studys primary objective. We are Using stalactitical tools like Unit root Test, ARDL Approach & OLS Model. Originality/Value: The researchers in this study used OLS (Least Squares) regression: Institutional variables effects on FDI flows were the focus of this research. To determine the effect of institutional characteristics (independent variables) on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows (dependent variable), this research used the ordinary least square approach. Findings: The study found with the help of ARDL model that the Institutional indicators had are having the positive coefficient value and stated that Global Economic Metrics which shown short run association with FDI flows, Time constraints, geographical constraints, or the inaccessibility of necessary data from appropriate sources are all obstacles that any research project must overcome. KEYWORDS: FDI, Global Metrics, Economy Growth, OLS Model.

The study for the 1st time examines electricity-happiness nexus in Central Asia over the period 1996-2022 employing Panel methods such as Quantile and threshold regressions. The findings document that the association between electricity and happiness is negative in general. However, the results reveal that economic development stage plays a crucial role in the context of electricity-happiness nexus. More specifically the negative effect of electricity on happiness decreases as economic development grows. Policy implications that focus on developing the economies in a sufficient level to achieve stable electricity supply and transition on renewable energy, should be encouraged consequently the rate of happiness will increase in Central Asian region.

At the present stage of economic development of Russian entrepreneurship, the most important task is the formation of directions for making competent and timely management decisions for further improvement of the management of financial, economic and organizational activities of organizations and the development of competitive advantages in the market.The constantly occurring changes in the socio-economic relations of the country, taking into account the policy of the state, the dynamics in consumer demand and market conditions, require economic entities to create an adequate enterprise management system based on managerial decision-making. The decisions themselves, of course, are the result of financial analysis, balanced conclusions and action plans, since they are designed to optimize various aspects of the activities of economic entities.