Stage Of Economic Development Research Articles

Oil dependence and entrepreneurship: Non-linear evidence

This study examines the empirical nature of the oil dependence-entrepreneurship nexus, building on recent research that extends the “resource curse” beyond its effects on economic growth. For the period from 2006 to 2018, the sample includes 115 countries at various stages of economic development. Using panel threshold methods, we discover an inverted U-shaped relationship, indicating that even small increases in oil rents increase entrepreneurship below the threshold. Globally, oil rents above a threshold of 77 % stifle entrepreneurship. Regional differences and institutional vulnerability act as moderators.

Genesis of the essential characteristics of the “innovation activity” category

The article analyzes scientific views on the definition of the meaning of the concepts of "innovation" and "innovative activity" by domestic and foreign scientists.
 The study of domestic and foreign economic literary sources showed that there is no unambiguous definition of the concepts of "innovation" and "innovative activity". The theoretical aspects of the development of innovation theory and its categorical apparatus are studied. 
 Innovations at the current stage of economic development are the main means of maintaining the competitiveness of enterprises. Innovative activities of enterprises have a decisive influence on production, as innovations provide the maximum possible progressive influence on production.
 Increasing the efficiency of material production and ensuring the competitiveness of products is based on the use of new high-performance equipment and progressive technology, the use of modern organizational forms and economic management methods. Improvement of production is carried out on the basis of innovative activities at various stages of the "science-production" cycle.
 The innovative activity of the enterprise is a complex process of creation, use and distribution of innovations in order to obtain competitive advantages and increase the profitability of its production. In a market economy, the enterprise's innovative activity is the most essential factor that enables the enterprise to occupy a stable market position and gain an advantage over competitors in the field that is the sphere of its commercial interests.
 Based on the analysis, it was established that innovative activity is a set of activities (scientific, technological, production, organizational, financial and commercial) that collectively lead to innovation in the form of a new or improved product (service) or business technology.

Identifying Potential Areas for Circular Economy Development from the Perspective of Developing Economies: Using Patent and Bibliometric Analyses

Economic development must occur alongside environmental sustainability. The circular economy (CE) in an industrial context is a critical area that has been widely studied. However, the scope of the CE is broad and involves the development of various fields, ranging from energy and production to digitalization. The areas targeted for CE development also vary according to the stage of economic development. This study focuses on identifying the potential for CE development from the perspective of developing economies by using patent and bibliometric analyses.

The effect of trust on economic performance and financial access

This paper uses individual-level data from the Gallup World Poll to examine the effect of institutional trust on individual-level outcomes. We make three contributions to the literature. First, the data set allows us to examine whether the relationship varies by the stage of economic development. Second, unlike most studies, we examine the relationship between trust and performance allowing for a non-linear relationship and identify the optimal level of trust. Third, in addition to individual-level income, we examine the effect of individual-level trust on individual-level access to financial services, an important factor in economic development and financial well-being. • We use individual-level data from the Gallup World Poll to examine the effect of institutional trust on individual-level outcomes. • We make three contributions to the literature. • First, examining whether the relationship varies by the stage of economic development. • Second, allow for a non-linear relationship and identify the optimal level of trust. • Third, study individual-level trust effects on individual-level financial access.

The study of the autochthonous population of the North of the Tobolsk Province in the works of A.A. Dunin-Gorkavich (based on the periodical press of Western Siberia at the beginning of the XX century)

The purpose of the article is to study and systematize previously unpublished materials of the newspapers of Western Siberia by A.A. Dunin–Gorkavich concerning the ethnography of the North of the Tobolsk province. The object of the article is the scientific heritage of A.A. Dunin-Gorkavich, dedicated to the composition, settlement, cultural and everyday features, material and spiritual culture of the indigenous population of the Tobolsk North at the beginning of the XX century. The relevance of the work lies in the choice of the source base – materials of the famous scientist and local historian A.A. Dunin-Gorkavich, published in local periodicals of Western Siberia. The basis of the work is the principle of historicism, integrity, objectivity, comprehensiveness. Both general scientific and traditional methods are used: systemic, historical-comparative, problem-historical, structural-functional. The fundamental work "Tobolsk North" is still one of the valuable sources for studying the life of the peoples of Siberia. Residents of Berezovsky and Surgut counties were at a low stage of cultural and economic development. To solve this problem, drastic changes proposed by A.A. Dunin-Gorkavich were required. For more mass circulation and readership, the scientist published many of his innovative ideas on the pages of the Siberian Leaflet, the Siberian Trade Newspaper and the Tobolsk Provincial Gazette. Publication in newspapers with the help of feedback (criticism, reviews, responses) allowed to build a constructive dialogue with progressive public figures, intellectuals, representatives of the bureaucracy. Such a return contributed to the development of a single set of measures and a partial solution to some of the difficulties of foreigners.

Эффективное управление данными как конкурентное преимущество субъектов предпринимательства

The relevance of the research lies in the increasing influence of data management efficiency on all spheres of the modern economy. Today, no one disputes the importance of information for ensuring effective management decision-making and sustainable business development. The activity of any organization is accompanied by the collection, accumulation, processing, transmission of data necessary for effective business management and the formation of a corporate interaction environment. The purpose of this study is to identify trends in the development of corporate data management systems that provide sustainable competitive advantages of business. In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set: identify changes in data management approaches that will provide a sustainable competitive advantage; to develop a universal architectural concept of an effective big data management system at all levels of business interaction; to develop recommendations for the transition of business to the proposed architecture of a digital data management platform. In the process of research, the authors of the article used such methods as theoretical (analysis, generalization, synthesis, abstraction, formalization, concretization) and general philosophical analysis (system method, analysis, observation). The authors use legal methods (formal- logical) as the basis for drawing conclusions. The article discusses the issues of managing integration processes of data management in the context of the development of the digital economy. The problems related to the efficiency of corporate data management at the present stage of development are analyzed. It is shown that the influence of corporate data management functions is characterized by significant features, which is why the effectiveness of their management is evaluated ambiguously at the current stage of economic development. Solving these problems requires rethinking the existing approaches to data management, as well as developing a new architecture of the special tools used. As a result of the research, the concept of a multi-level architecture of a corporate data management system (ecosystem) at all levels of business in any field of activity has been developed, taking into account the economic conditions of the country. Recommendations on the transition of companies to the proposed architecture of the corporate data management system have been developed.

Assessment on Methodology for Predicting Flood Discharges in Creeks

As the small public facilities established in the early stages of economic development are at increased risk of disasters due to aging, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety established the “Law of Safety Management on Small Public Facilities” and provided guidelines for reducing vulnerabilities and damages. In this study, the applicability of the Clark unit hydrograph method and a rational formula, which are methods suggested in the guidelines for predicting flood discharges, are evaluated. For the evaluation, three creek basins located in urban, agricultural, and mountainous areas are selected as test watersheds, and the measured flow discharges of small streams downstream of the creeks are determined using the area ratio flow method. The evaluation results show that, for all three creeks, the peak flood discharges predicted using both the Clark unit hydrograph method and the rational formula are greater than those determined using the area ratio flow method ; therefore, the first two methods can be used to predict flood discharges in creeks to ensure safety. However, for a more precise verification of flood discharges and for selecting optimal methods, continuous investigations are required for measuring the hydrological and hydraulics data of the creek and obtaining characteristic information regarding watersheds and channels.

How socioeconomic factors affect ecosystem service value: Evidence from China

The impact of social and economic development on local ecological patterns should not be ignored. Because human beings cannot change the natural environment quickly, it is only by paying attention to the research on social and economic factors that we can promote the implementation of policies. From the perspective of ecological economics, this paper selects panel data for 31 provinces in China during 2000–2020 to explore the differences in influencing factors in different socioeconomic development stages by using the spatial Durbin model and piecewise regression method. We found that the distribution of ecosystem service value per unit area in China is uneven, being high in the east and low in the west, high in the south, and low in the north. At different stages of social and economic development, per capita GDP, the proportion of the primary industry, the proportion of the tertiary industry, industrial pollution control investment, population density, construction land area, total investment in key forestry projects, education infrastructure and per capita road length have different impacts on ecosystem service value, and even different spatial spillover effects on local and adjacent areas. Therefore, when formulating policies to improve the value of ecosystem services, the impact of socioeconomic factors in different regions and at different times must be carefully considered.

CORRUPTION AS A THREAT TO ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE

Economic security of the state plays a significant role in ensuring further economic development of the country, implementation of effective social policy, increasing the level of national competitiveness in the context of international economic cooperation. Summarizing different approaches, the authors concluded that in the scientific environment the definition of the essence of economic security of the state is studied on the basis of different basic parameters, which creates ambiguity in the understanding of this category. According to the authors, the economic security of the state should be understood as such a state of the national economy that allows to maintain resistance to external and internal threats, to ensure its external independence and internal stability, the ability to support the consistent implementation of national and state interests, stable capacity of economic entities and normal living conditions of the population. The transformation of the conditions of functioning of the modern world creates a significant number of threats to the economic security of the state, among which corruption occupies a key position. The scale of corruption in Ukraine is threatening, which is associated with the destruction of not only individual aspects of society, but also a threat to the existence of the country as a whole. The article defines the main and classification features of corruption on the basis of international law ratified by Ukraine, according to which corruption can be characterized. The authors cited the main threats of corruption, which have a real negative impact on the economic security of the state, namely: the growth of the shadow economy; insufficient use of budget funds at various levels; reducing the level of trust in the state and its ability to regulate economic processes; promoting social inequality and increasing the income gap between different segments of the population, etc. These conclusions were confirmed by the analysis of individual data, in particular the corruption perception index and the indicator of the level of shadow economy. In addition, based on the trend model, the forecast values of the corruption perception index in Ukraine were calculated, which showed positive changes in issues related to corruption processes in the country. In the article, the authors note that at the present stage of economic development, in order to reduce the level of corruption in the state, it is necessary to create an effective system of anti-corruption actions and establish new transparent rules of relations between society, government and business.

Optimal City Size and Economic Development Al-Iskandaria City – Iraq (Case Study)

Interest in the concept of the optimal city size began to increase when the size of some cities reached a level that began to negatively affect their economic efficiency. Especially with the weak possibilities of urban and regional economic development. The research problem (weak balance between city size and their economic development). The research aims to study and analyze the relationship between City Size and economic development through some foundations, theories and to arrive at an explanatory model for them. The hypothesis of the research is that there is a positive relationship between the increase in the size of the city and its economic efficiency to reach the optimal size, Then the relationship is inverse, unless the intervention and direct this growth through development That is, the changes in the basic economic sectors will lead to a kind of balance between the city's economy and its population size. Through the study of the research. An Explanatory and analytical model was reached based on the concept of the Economic Pendulum and the extent of its movement towards the upper and lower limits to clarify this relationship. The city of Alexandria in the Province of Babylon as a case study. It was concluded that it passed through two stages (Contraction Stage and Economic Development stage). In the end, it was concluded that City Size is a Relative Size that changes from place to place and from time to time. Where it depends on the Economic potential of those Cities, represented by investment, or natural resources and spatial characteristics.

Towards carbon neutrality: what has been done and what needs to be done for carbon emission reduction?

Carbon emissions embodied in anthropogenic activities represent the major cause of global warming. Countries, regions, and cities have implemented comprehensive, multi-level and multi-scale measures to reduce emissions and move towards carbon neutrality. The demand for carbon emission reduction (CER) is made more challenging by different geographical locations, country-owned natural resources, and economic development stages. The main objectives of this paper are to conduct a bibliometric analysis to map the frontiers and directions of CER and to explore the paths and development models of CER from the perspective of spatio-temporal, multi-scale, multi-sectoral, and multi-responsible subjects. This study reveals that carbon emission evaluation and prediction, correlation and causal relationship analysis, and CER-related policy simulation and optimization are the most critical hotspots. Additionally, we point out the shortcomings of and future developments for the three study dimensions above. The bibliometric analysis also highlights the fact that a cooperative global value chain as well as amendable policies and mechanisms for CER will help with climate change mitigation and adaptation through the use of advanced carbon capture and storage technologies. We review the technical measures for and policy responses to CER adopted by different countries and industries at the theoretical and practical levels and provide new recommendations. Our work provides important information for climate actions in different countries and sectors and for developing more effective CER strategies and policies.

Policy and Strategies of Tariff Incentives Related to Renewable Energy: Comparison between Indonesia and Other Developing and Developed Countries

The transition from conventional fossil fuels to renewable energy is necessary, along with the increase in energy consumption and the decline in national energy production. In its application, increasing the renewable energy mix has many challenges, especially cost-efficiency. Thus, to make renewable energy competitive and achieve a significant acceleration of the mix, massive energy incentive policies are being studied and developed. This study provided a specific overview of policies and strategies for tariff incentives related to renewable energy, particularly in developing and developed countries. An essential section of this study discusses the comparison between Indonesia and other countries, as well as the current status and an ideal policy related to renewable energy for this country. The implementation of energy incentive policies in each country is quite different, depending on the potential, technological readiness, and political and economic conditions. Compared with other policy mechanisms such as RPS, FIT policies are more efficient at increasing capacity and stimulating R&D inputs to reduce costs. In terms of the stage of economic development and characteristics of the electricity system, the price adjustment model, such as that used in East Asia, is more suitable for application in Indonesia than other models.

Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Open Economy Development in the Yangtze River Delta Area

Since economic globalization is unstable, it is difficult for the traditional open economic development model to meet the requirements of China’s development, and there is an urgent need for new ideas and models to be reoriented. Based on the analysis of the development mechanism of China’s open economy at this stage, we used the entropy method, Theil coefficient, Gini coefficient, and spatial Durbin model (SDM) to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern and influencing factors of the high-quality development level of the open economy in the Yangtze River Delta Area (YRDA). The results indicated that during the study period, the development level and development difference of open economy were on the rise, and the spatial difference in different regions was significant. The development of open economy was affected by many factors, and there was a spatial spillover effect. Based on the existing problems, at the stage of high-quality economic development, the YDRA should seize the opportunities brought by the new development pattern, improve government services, optimize innovation drive, and promote the development of open economy to a higher level. We believe that the results of this study can also provide relevant experience for the development of open economy in other regions of China.

Global trends of cropland phosphorus use and sustainability challenges.

To meet the growing food demand while addressing the multiple challenges of exacerbating phosphorus (P) pollution and depleting P rock reserves1-15, P use efficiency (PUE, the ratio of productiveP output to P input in a defined system) in crop production needs to be improved. Although many efforts have been devoted to improving nutrient management practices on farms, few studies have examined the historical trajectories of PUE and their socioeconomic and agronomic drivers on a national scale1,2,6,7,11,16,17. Here we present a database of the P budget (the input and output of the crop production system) and PUE by country and by crop type for 1961-2019, and examine the substantial contribution of several drivers for PUE, such as economic development stages and crop portfolios. To address the P management challenges, we found that global PUE in crop production must increase to 68-81%, and recent trends indicate some meaningful progress towards this goal. However, P management challenges and opportunities in croplands vary widely among countries.

Dialectics of personnel training in higher education at the present stage of economic development. Methodological aspect.

Dialectics of personnel training in higher education at the present stage of economic development. Methodological aspect.

Endüstriyel Kalkınma ve Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi: Ergene Havzası Üzerine Bir Vaka Çalışması

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis argues that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic development and environmental damage as such environmental damage increases during the early stages of economic development but then decreases after a certain level of economic development is reached. This study aims to contribute to the discussion of the EKC hypothesis by providing a case study from the Ergene River Basin in Turkey. The case study of industrialization in the Ergene River Basin confirms the inverted U-shape relationship between economic development and environmental degradation suggested by the EKC hypothesis.

Industrial structure optimization, economic development factors and regional economic risk prevention in post COVID-19 period: empirical analysis based on panel data of Guangdong regional economy.

In the post-COVID-19 period, the regional economic development gap in Guangdong has expanded and the risk has increased. This is not conducive to building a well-off society in Guangdong in an all-round way. Optimizing the industrial structure, changing the mode of economic growth, preventing regional economic risks, and narrowing the regional economic development gap are the focus of Guangdong governments at all levels. Based on a two-sector economic growth model, the paper uses descriptive statistics and Deng's grey correlation method to analyze the economic development panel data of 21 prefecture-level cities of Guangdong Province from 2011 to 2018, analyzes the characteristics of regional economic development in Guangdong, and makes experimental research of the effect of industrial structure optimization and economic development factors on economic growth in Guangzhou, Zhongshan, Shantou, Maoming and Meizhou at different stages of development. The results show that: there are differences in the industrial structure and the level of economic development in different regions; the rationalization of industrial structure and upgrading of the industrial structure has an impact on economic growth and show different features during different stages; in different stages of economic development, foreign trade, scientific and technological innovation are the main factors affecting regional economic growth. This paper holds that the northwest of Guangdong Province and the Pearl River Delta should formulate industrial structure adjustment policies to promote the rationalization of regional industrial structure, expand foreign trade channels and innovate financing mechanisms, and restrain regional economic risks in combination with regional characteristics. The new development pattern of domestic and international dual circulation and mutual promotion, further expands the level of opening up, effectively playing the role of free trade pilot areas, free trade ports, special economic zones, development zones, bonded areas, and other frontier highlands, improve the level and capacity of foreign trade.

Рeculiarities of Functioning of Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurship at the Modern Stage of Economic Development

A significant reserve for ensuring the socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus is the rational use of the entrepreneurial potential of business entities as an important component of the economic policy of the state. The paper analyzes the main theoretical approaches to the definition of entrepreneurial activity. The versatility of approaches creates difficulties in formulating a universal term due to the change in the content of this category in the process of development of economic science. The paper proposes the author's definition of entrepreneurial activity, taking into account the modern features of its development. The value added indicator has been introduced into the concept, which will allow taking into account a part of the cost of goods (works, services) incremented by the organization, as well as assessing the efficiency of the regional economy. The development of integration processes and the fragmentation of production activities increase the number of participants in the production chain from different countries that create intermediate imports, which include the added value segmented by them. Consequently, the country's gain from foreign trade, its export and technological potential will be largely determined by the added value it creates. This kind of assessment becomes the most demanded in the analysis of trade indicators of business entities, including their foreign trade. The main criteria for classifying enterprises as large, medium and small have been analyzed in the paper. In different countries, quantitative criteria are not the same, the initial criterion is the number of employees. The difficulty in determining the criteria lies in the fact that they cannot be equivalent for all sectors of the economy and for individual countries, since there is a dependence on established practice and the goals of state policy in relation to small and medium-sized businesses. An accurate description of business entities in terms of size will make it possible to identify their features, patterns of development, advantages and disadvantages. An additional quantitative criterion for referring to business entities in the Republic of Belarus is proposed – gross revenue.

The China groundwater crisis: A mechanistic analysis with implications for global sustainability

Over the past several decades, China has rapidly depleted groundwater storage, and has lagged in managing and protecting this resource. As a result, dried up rivers, land subsidence, saltwater intrusion, and wetland losses are extensive. To assist with managing this vital groundwater resource, we constructed the first national-scale numerical groundwater flow model of China to provide a comprehensive overview and understanding of the subsurface flow dynamics. The groundwater model is three-dimensional with a 10 km by 10 km horizontal resolution and five discretized vertical layers (up to 1700 m below the land surface). The calibrated model matched calculated to observed water levels and sufficiently reproduced water budgets. The model was used to reconstruct groundwater depletion by retracing the different stages of Chinese economic development. From 1945 to 2020, the northern provinces are characterized by an average groundwater depletion of ∼16.7 km3/yr (equivalent to 30% of the Yellow River's annual flow) while southern China has experienced no substantial groundwater depletion. Groundwater depletion is consistent with a large observed reduction in groundwater discharge as baseflow to the Yellow River (-23%) relative to negligible variation in baseflow in the Yangtze River. Our study provides a holistic tool to support development of nationwide water management strategies and temper the effects of a future water crisis that China's growing economy could propagate at the global scale.

An Analysis of the Guidelines of China’s Unified Market

The new plan of building a national unified market was released in early 2022, indicating the urgency of breaking down local protectionism and market segmentation at the current stage of economic development. This article examines the driving forces of the new plan and the plan’s relationship with the “dual circulation” strategy proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping. It also analyses the major barriers to building a unified market and the impacts on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the short run and in the long run.