Stages Of Behavior Change Research Articles

Challenges Experienced by Women Who Smoke During Pregnancy or Postnatally

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal smoking postnatally are important public health concerns worldwide. Smoking adversely affects the woman's general health and is causally related to pregnancy complications and serious health outcomes for the child, such as stillbirth, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and sudden infant death. The purpose of this research was to examine maternal smoking through a quantitative descriptive survey of 164 women, 120 who were pregnant and 44 who were postnatal. Women experienced barriers to quitting smoking, including dealing with stress, being exposed to smokers, not being ready to quit, not knowing how to quit, not looking for or not being able to find information about smoking or quitting smoking, and lacking adequate social and healthcare provider support. On the other hand, women revealed characteristics that suggest they might have had improved potential for quitting smoking, including having negative feelings about smoking, having cut down on smoking, smoking at a low level, having made quit attempts, thinking it would not be hard to quit smoking, being in the preparation stage of behavioral change, and thinking their healthcare providers (HCPs) would help them if they decided to quit. Taken together, those findings suggest that HCPs could offer important assistance to help women achieve smoking cessation. However, more research needs to be conducted to clarify the role and effectiveness of various HCPs in smoking cessation interventions and to identify measures to strengthen their provision of such interventions.

Effectiveness of nutrition education in improving fruit and vegetable consumption among selected college students in urban Puducherry, South India. A pre-post intervention study.

World Health Organization (WHO) suggests intake of five servings (400g) of fruits and vegetables (F&V) per day to ensure an adequate dietary fibre and to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. Risk factor survey of Non-Communicable Diseases (2007-08), reports that only 1% population in Tamil Nadu, South India consumed more than five servings a day. So we aimed to assess the effectiveness of nutrition education in improving the daily intake of fruit and vegetable servings and stage of behaviour change among college students. A pre-post intervention study was conducted among undergraduate students from two selected women's colleges in urban Puducherry, South India during September-October 2019. The two English departments were randomly allocated into intervention group (IG), control group (CG) and 75 students in each group were chosen by systematic random sampling. IG received 30min of nutrition education programme; which includes importance and minimum daily intake of fruits & vegetables, local availability, cost and awareness about myths and misconceptions. CG received pamphlets regarding healthy dietary intake. Knowledge regarding portion sizes, average daily servings of fruit & vegetable intake and stage of behaviour change were assessed at baseline and after one month of intervention. There was a significant increase in knowledge regarding portion sizes (28- 64%) after intervention in IG (p<0.001) compared to CG (24- 40%). The knowledge regarding the required number of servings of fruits (27-56%) and vegetables (15-58%) also increased significantly (p<0.001) in the IG. Intake of fruits, vegetables and juices in the last 24h were significantly increased in IG compared to CG (p<0.001). There was a significant increase (p=0.002) in contemplation and preparation stage (13-34%) in IG after intervention. A well designed nutrition education programme is an effective tool in promoting healthy eating habits among adolescents. It enabled a significant increase in knowledge regarding portion sizes of F&V and daily intake of fruits and vegetables.

Stages of Behaviour Change Related to Physical Activity and the Associated Barriers among College-Going Adolescents in Puducherry- Cross Sectional Study

Background: One in every ten deaths globally is reported by physical inactivity related risks. Adolescents constitute 18% of the total population, due to physical inactivity they are more at risk of noncommunicable diseases. This study aims to find the level, stages of behaviour changes, associated barriers related to physical activity among adolescents. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional study was done at Tagore College based on Multi-stage cluster sampling. 920 adolescents in the age group of 18-19 years were included in the study. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Trans theoretic models were used to assess the level of physical activity and stages of behaviour change related to physical activity. In addition, barriers to participating in physical activity were also elicited. Result: About one-fifth of the subjects (20.4%) were physically inactive. It was found that they are in pre-contemplation and contemplation stages (14.7%) of behaviour change related to physical activity. Compared to females, males have a higher chance to do physical activity and was statistically significant (p<0.001). The major barriers to physical activity were personal barriers like lack of time and having multiple tasks. Healthy practices in a family also found to have a significant association with increased physical activity. (p<0.001). Conclusion: Many barriers were reported that prevent adolescents from taking up sufficient physical activity. Therefore, attempt should be taken to emphasize the importance of physical activity among family members, individuals, and the peer friends at the community level. Primordial prevention in the vital emergence of risk factors for NCDs like sufficient physical activity is vital for reducing burden of chronic diseases in our country. How to cite this article: Angayarkanni A, Barathi A, Ramesh R, Lakshminarayanan S. Stages of Behaviour Change Related to Physical Activity and the Associated Barriers among College-Going Adolescents in Puducherry- Cross Sectional Study. Ind J Youth Adol Health 2020; 7(1): 15-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2349.2880.202003

Preliminary study on factors related to stages of change in exercise behavior in individuals with physical disabilities

Preliminary study on factors related to stages of change in exercise behavior in individuals with physical disabilities

Adapting a health behavioral change and psychosocial toolkit to the context of physical disabilities: Lessons learned from disabled women with young children

BackgroundMothers with physical disabilities (MPDs) face the behavioral and psychosocial changes of the motherhood transition with fewer resources, additional barriers, and higher risks than nondisabled mothers. In this study we sought guidance from MPDs on adaptations needed to a health promotion toolkit for behavioral and psychosocial health that was originally developed for nondisabled, primarily low-income, women. ObjectiveTo identify general themes for adaptations that would increase the suitability of the toolkit for MPDs. Methods11 MPDs were interviewed by videoconferencing in a mixed-methods study about their perspectives on improving relevance of the existing toolkit for this population. The toolkit contained three components: assessment scale, feedback template on assessment results, and a decision aid related to behavior change. Interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. ResultsNine themes for improving suitability of the toolkit for MPDs were identified. Themes covered: Using non-judgment language; including strengths, not just risks; using exercise items applicable to persons with physical disabilities; being aware that functional ability was the key body image concern; considering motivational stages of behavioral change; providing choice in goal-setting for change; including suggestions for social support; identifying resources for health and adaptive parenting; and making health promotion resources available in alternative platforms (paper, electronic). ConclusionsThe MPDs’ feedback revealed ways that our toolkit for behavioral and psychosocial health could be improved to be inclusive of MPDs. The participatory methods utilized here are also recommended in designing new or revising existing materials aimed at enhancing health promotion for people with disabilities.

Barriers To The Practice Of Physical Activity Among Adults According To Socioeconomic Status In Chile

PURPOSE: to identify personal and environmental barriers for physical activity practice and the stage of change in residents of communes with three different socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS: Cross-sectional analytical study. Three communes of the city of Santiago de Chile with high, medium and low SES were selected. The stage of behavior change was determined with the “Physical Activity Stages of Change Questionnaire” and the barriers for physical activity practice through the “Barriers to Being Active Quiz”. The precontemplation, contemplation and preparation stages were grouped as inactive state, and the action, maintenance as active state. The barriers were compared between communes and associated with the inactive state with a multivariate regression. RESULTS: 296 participants were surveyed, age = 49 (P25 = 37-P75 = 57) years, 60.1% women. In an inactive state, 48.5% in high SES, 60% in medium SES and 63.1% in low SES. The most prevalent barrier to physical activity according to SES was: lack of time for high SES (74.2%); lack of will for medium SES (62% ) and lack of resources for low SES (59.2%). The lack of skills is the only barrier that presents a significant difference p <0.05 among all communes, 31.8% high SES, 46% medium SES and 19.2% low SES. The lack of skills presented an OR 1.15 (1.02-1.31) p = 0.025 for the inactive state in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: the barriers to practice physical activity differ according to SES and can be a guide for personal and environmental interventions. Overcoming the lack of skills barrier could increase the active subjects.

금주행위 변화단계별 변화과정, 의사결정 균형 및 자기효능감의 관계

Objective: This study aimed to identify the relationships between processes of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy by stages of change in abstinence behavior among users of community addiction management centers in Korea. Based on the findings, it also aimed to provide basic data to develop effective recovery support programs for community addiction management centers and establish addiction prevention policies. Methods: The subjects of this study are 141 users aged 20 or older who are registered under the Community Addiction Management Center of S-gu in G City. Data were collected using self-report surveys on stages of change, processes of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy for alcohol abstinence. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: In terms of the distribution of stages of change in abstinence, 57.5% fell under the maintenance stage, and the processes of change by stages of change showed that those in the maintenance stage had higher scores than those in the precontemplation stage. The scores of cognitive processes were higher at the beginning stages, and the scores of behavioral processes were higher at later stages. The decisional balance of alcohol abstinence showed high levels of awareness of the damages from drinking, and there were significant differences in abstinence self-efficacy by stages of change. Positive correlations were found between stages of change and self-efficacy. For processes of change of alcohol abstinence, the cognitive processes showed positive correlations with the behavioral processes and the decisional balance loss factor, and the behavioral processes had positive correlations with the decisional balance loss factor. In terms of the decisional balance, the benefit factor had negative correlations with self-efficacy. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish strategies on processes of change by considering stages of change in abstinence by users, and develop local community-based alcoholic intervention programs that emphasize the harmfulness of drinking and reinforce self-efficacy. Furthermore, there should be political support to develop such programs and strategies.

Analysis of The Stages of Change in Exercise Behavior of Women in Nursing College based on Transtheoretical Model

Analysis of The Stages of Change in Exercise Behavior of Women in Nursing College based on Transtheoretical Model

How to design a complex behaviour change intervention: experiences from a nutrition-sensitive agriculture trial in rural India

Many public health interventions aim to promote healthful behaviours, with varying degrees of success. With a lack of existing empirical evidence on the optimal number or combination of behaviours to...

Exploring barriers medical residents and established physicians face counselling patients on physical activity by stage of the transtheoretical model

ABSTRACT Physical activity (PA) counselling by physicians increases patients’ PA levels and improves health outcomes. Physician PA counselling remains low as a result of several barriers which may differ based on a patient’s stage within the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) or by physician career status (i.e. between residents and established physicians). A convenience sample of physicians in Ontario (N = 38, n = 24 residents) completed a cross-sectional, online survey assessing perception of barriers to PA counselling based on hypothetical patients’ TTM stage of change. Compared with other barriers, physicians agree less with feeling adequately reimbursed, having other professionals intervene, and having adequate resources for PA counselling. Based on responses to each barrier, physicians were more likely to counsel patients in the contemplation, preparation and action stages. Compared with established physicians, residents report less agreeance with being adequately reimbursed and having enough time for PA counselling, and greater agreeance with having other professionals intervene. This study communicates physicians’ barriers when counselling patients at different stages of PA behaviour change and the influence of career status on barrier experience. Developing patient-stage- and career-stage-specific medical training, interventions and policy changes may enhance PA counselling among physicians, and ultimately patient PA behaviour and health outcomes.

Adoption intentions for micro-mobility – Insights from electric scooter sharing in Taiwan

Micro-mobility may alleviate a number of challenges facing big cities today, and offer a pathway toward more sustainable urban transportation. This research investigates what factors influence university students’ intention to use an electric scooter sharing service. A theoretical framework adapting the theory of planned behaviour was used. Survey responses from 471 university students in Taiwan were collected. Data were analysed using factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Respondents with different levels of usage intention and in different stages of behavioural change display distinct reasoning patterns. Lack of perceived compatibility with personal values, mobility needs and life-style particularly drives students with low usage intention and pre-contemplators, who show signs of “green hypocrisy”. Awareness-knowledge about the sharing system and environmental values influence the formation of usage intention in indirect ways. This study is intended to be a reference for subsequent conceptual and empirical work on e-scooter sharing in particular, and shared mobility with other types of powered two-wheelers.

Does misperception of fruit and vegetable intake adequacy affect progression through the stages of behavior change after nutritional intervention?

Pseudomaintenance (PM) is a Transtheoretical Model (TTM) stage of change that refers to individuals who believe they eat enough fruit and vegetables (FV) despite their low FV intake. It is not known how they change behavior after usual TTM-based interventions. Thus, this randomized controlled community trial describes the effect of PM on progression through the stages of change for FV intake among adult and elderly health promotion service users after TTM-based intervention. The stage of change for FV intake was assessed; FV intake was estimated from brief validated questions at baseline (n = 3414) and follow-up (n = 1782). Individuals whose perception of adequacy matched the estimated intake were labeled as “concordant perception,” while those with low intake who believed that their intake was adequate were classified as being in PM. The intervention group received the intervention while the control group received usual care. The prevalence of “no stage progression” at follow-up was close to 50% for those in PM at baseline. After adjustment for demographics, randomization, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and baseline intake, users in PM at baseline had higher odds [OR = 1.53 (1.21–1.94)] of progressing to higher stages for fruit and no difference in progression for vegetables. We propose strategies to approach FV intake in future studies and reinforce the need for additional trials aimed at describing changes in FV intake among individuals in PM, in order to continue answering the scientific questions that we began to investigate.

INVESTIGATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE ACCORDING TO THE EXERCISE BEHAVIOUR CHANGE STAGES OF WOMEN STUDYING AT UNIVERSITY

The aim of the study was the investigation of Quality of life according to the exercise behaviour change stages of women studying at university. 698 university students, who study in different departments, participated in the study. Quality of life and change in exercise behaviour survey were applied. One way ANOVA, LSD test and Student - t test were used in the study. The average age of University women was 27.50 years. In this study, physical health score, psychological health score, social health score and environmental scores vary according to the health status indicated by the students (p<0.05). In this study, in the case of physical health, the scores of those who are at the stage of Pre-contemplation and Contemplation are significantly lower than those of the students who are at the stage of Taking Action and Maintenance (p<0.05). In the case of psychological health, the scores of those who are at the stage of Pre-contemplation and Contemplation are significantly lower than those of the students who are at the Maintenance stage (p<0.05). In the case of social health, the scores of those who are at the stage of Pre-contemplation and Contemplation are significantly lower than those of the students who are in the preparation, Taking Action and Maintenance (p<0.05). In the case of environmental score, the scores of those who are at the Pre-contemplation stage are significantly lower than those of the students who are at the Maintenance stage (p<0.05). In conclusion, the perceived quality of life of University women according to their exercise behavior change stages were high before the tendency and low during the exercise but quality of life scores increased during continuity. Sedentary women should increase the percentage of continuity in exercise behaviors steps to improve quality of life. Quality of life level according to exercise behavior change stages should be investigated in a large number of women in different universities in Turkey and they should be orientated on exercise planning. Article visualizations:

Stages of Behavior Change for Physical Activity in Airport Staff: a quasi-experimental study.

Objective. This work sought to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on the stages of change in promoting physical activity in employees in the Mashhad airport in Iran. Methods. This was a quasi-experimental study conducted with the participation of 60 volunteers (30 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group) who were in the stages of contemplating or preparing for change in physical activity. The intervention consisted in educational activities provided during home visits, telephone calls, group training sessions, and delivery of printed material. To gather the information, the study used five questions on the stage in which they were for behavioral change in physical activity, according to the Theoretical Model by Marcus et al., (1. pre-contemplation, 2. contemplation, 3. preparation, 4. action, and 5. maintenance), and the International Questionnaire on Physical Activity. Changes in the stages were evaluated during three moments: upon entering the study, at the end of the intervention (8th month), and two months after the second evaluation (10th month). Results. During the 10th month evaluation, it was noted that 26.7% of the subjects from the intervention group versus 3.3% from the control group improved their physical activity and were in the action stage (p<0.01). Conclusion.The educational intervention based on stages of change is effective in promoting physical activity in the participants and may be used in educational programs that seek to improve physical activity in the employees studied.

Effect of a Nutritional Intervention, Based on Transtheoretical Model, on Metabolic Markers and Food Consumption of Individuals Undergoing Hemodialysis

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nutritional intervention, based on the transtheoretical model, on the metabolic markers and dietary intake of individuals undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Intervention study at a nephrology clinic includes 83 individuals undergoing HD, over a period of 4months. The nutritional intervention based on the transtheoretical model was composed of two group meetings and three individual ones, with delivery of personalized food plans and nutritional education activities. Anthropometry, dietary intake, metabolic markers, and stage of behavior change were evaluated before and after nutritional intervention. There was a significant change from the stage of contemplation to the stage of action, after the intervention (P<.001). There was a significant reduction in serum concentrations of creatinine and predialysis and postdialysis urea (P<.001). Hyperphosphataemia and hyperkalemia in the group were also significantly reduced as were markers related to bone metabolism (P<.001). The markers of iron metabolism (P<.001), protein (P=.042), and globulin (P<.001) showed a significant increase. Regarding food consumption, the caloric intakes (P=.034), cholesterol (P=.034), protein, and lipid as well as intake of iron, phosphorus, potassium, copper, and vitamin C (P<.001) were significantly higher after intervention. The nutritional intervention based on the transtheoretical model promoted a change in the behavior of individuals undergoing HD, with an important improvement in their metabolic control. This can be explained by the significant change in the intake of calories, macronutrients, and micronutrients, as well as adequate use of phosphorus binders, indicating the crucial role of nutrition in this group.

Effect of web-based and software-based educational intervention on stages of behavior change of students' physical activity.

INTRODUCTION:The present study aims at designing and evaluating the effect of new educational media-based educational intervention on students' stages of behavior change of physical activity.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:In the present interventional study, 225 students of medical sciences university were assigned into two experimental and one control groups using proportional stratified random sampling, where web-based and software-based educational interventions were used. Data were collected using International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Marcus's stages of change scales, and a self-made questionnaire including constructs of barriers, benefits, and self-efficacy. Evaluation was conducted through pretest and posttest and immediate and 2 and 6 months of follow-ups after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Chi-square, Friedman, one-way ANOVA, and ANOVA with repeated measure.RESULTS:Based on the results, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups before the intervention (P = 0.37); however, immediately and 2 and 6 months after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of stages of change (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in the experimental group, the educational intervention led to improvement of individuals in the stages of change of physical activity. At 6-month follow-up, 75.4% of the software group and 60.6% of the web group achieved the maintenance stage.CONCLUSION:The results suggest that designing intervention based on people's level of preparation for changing behavior and using new educational methods such as web and software were effective on individuals' progress in different stages of change of physical activity behavior and physical activity rate.

Association Between Stage of Behavior Change and Mild Exercise Habit at 6 Months After Discharge in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Association Between Stage of Behavior Change and Mild Exercise Habit at 6 Months After Discharge in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Improvement of osteoporosis-related behaviors in female students based on trans theoretical model.

BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis is one of the major problems associated with aging and is more common among women than men. This study was designed to modify osteoporosis-related behaviors in female students based on the transtheoretical model (TTM).MATERIALS AND METHODS:This quasi-experimental study was conducted on female secondary school students. The sample size was determined 100 by using Altman's nomogram, including 50 cases and 50 controls. Participants were completed the Demographic Information and Osteoporosis-Related Behavior Questionnaire based on TTM. Evaluation of the data showed that each participant was at what stage of change in physical activity and preventive dietary behavior of osteoporosis. The content of the training package was designed, and for the intervention group, 2-h training sessions were held weekly by the instructor in accordance with the stage of change for 2 months, and the booklet was provided with the appropriate contents of the stage of change. Three months after the completion of training, the questionnaires were completed by intervention and control groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23 software.RESULTS:Concerning the stages of change in physical activity and nutrition, a significant difference was before and after the intervention in the intervention group (P < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed in the control group. After the intervention, there was a significant difference in the self-efficacy and some subconstruct of processes of change, but there wasnot a significant difference in the decisional balance.CONCLUSION:Educational intervention based on TTM has been successful in achieving the goal of modifying osteoporosis-related behaviors in female students. The results of this study can be used by health planners to plan and implement health promotion interventions that will undoubtedly help reduce the burden of disease.

A Snapshot of Pre- and Post-intervention Changes Among Cardiovascular Disease Patients Participating in the New Smoking Cessation Program.

Background:The study evaluates the changes of pre and post stages of behavioral change, motivation level, and smoking status among cardiovascular disease patients, participating in the new smoking cessation program in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan.Methods:A total of 65 adult cardiac patients were randomly distributed into two groups, i.e., intervention and control group, who were baseline smokers and assessed in three phases. Initially, the first, second, and third phase collected the information about their demographic details, their smoking status, and smoking status using cotinine amylase strip, respectively.Results:It showed that behavioral change was significant for the control group (P value = 0.031), while motivation level improved for both groups (i.e., control, P value = 0.000 and intervention group, P value = 0.001). The smoke quitting status percentage was higher for intervention group 41.9% and lower for control group 20.6%; however, the P value was insignificant for both control group (1.000) and intervention group (0.250).Conclusions:This study suggests a need for more personal testimonial videos to focus on other smoking-related diseases.

Opinions and Stages of Change in Health Warnings on Cigarette Packaging through Transtheoritical Model

To prevent the tobacco epidemic, the government made Regulation No. 109 of 2012 concerning Safeguards of Materials containing Addictive substances in the form of tobacco products for health. Article 17 states that cigarette companies are required to put pictorial health learning or PKB on each pack of cigarettes sold. The obligation was officially enforced since June 24, 2014, with the stipulation that the PKB display area will be 40% on the front and 40% on the back of the cigarette packaging. Through a qualitative approach, the author wants to dig deeper into how the opinion of students of SMP Negeri 29 Samarinda regarding pictorial health warning messages contained in cigarette packets, as well as following the changes in informant behavior through Transtheoritical Model, namely the stages of behavior change starting from precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance, and was followed for 6 months on 12 informants, 6 informants who had the habit of smoking in the prepatory stage and 6 informants of the smoking behavior in the maintenance of smoking stage. The results of the study, 4 prokok informants at the prepatory stage, had a strong intention to stop smoking. 3 of them go through the stages of changing the preparation of the transition to action and one of them through the stages of changing the action of transition to maintenance. While 6 informants were in the shop of maintenance of smoking stage, 5 of them were precontemplated because they had fear after receiving PKB messages on cigarette packages, while 1 informant had no response at all.