Stages Of Accumulation Research Articles

Secondary motor integration as a final arbiter in sensorimotor decision-making.

Sensorimotor decision-making is believed to involve a process of accumulating sensory evidence over time. While current theories posit a single accumulation process prior to planning an overt motor response, here, we propose an active role of motor processes in decision formation via a secondary leaky motor accumulation stage. The motor leak adapts the "memory" with which this secondary accumulator reintegrates the primary accumulated sensory evidence, thus adjusting the temporal smoothing in the motor evidence and, correspondingly, the lag between the primary and motor accumulators. We compare this framework against different single accumulator variants using formal model comparison, fitting choice, and response times in a task where human observers made categorical decisions about a noisy sequence of images, under different speed-accuracy trade-off instructions. We show that, rather than boundary adjustments (controlling the amount of evidence accumulated for decision commitment), adjustment of the leak in the secondary motor accumulator provides the better description of behavior across conditions. Importantly, we derive neural correlates of these 2 integration processes from electroencephalography data recorded during the same task and show that these neural correlates adhere to the neural response profiles predicted by the model. This framework thus provides a neurobiologically plausible description of sensorimotor decision-making that captures emerging evidence of the active role of motor processes in choice behavior.

Computationally Designed Small Molecules Disassemble Both Soluble Oligomers and Protofibrils of Amyloid β-Protein Responsible for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the world's most pressing health crises. AD is an incurable disease affecting more than 6.5 million Americans, predominantly the elderly, and in its later stages, leads to memory loss, dementia, and death. Amyloid β (Aβ) protein aggregates have been one of the pathological hallmarks of AD since its initial characterization. The early stages of Aβ accumulation and aggregation involve the formation of oligomers, which are considered neurotoxic and play a key role in further aggregation into fibrils that eventually appear in the brain as amyloid plaques. We have recently shown by combining ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) that Aβ42 rapidly forms dodecamers (12-mers) as the terminal oligomeric state, and these dodecamers seed the early formation of Aβ42 protofibrils. The link between soluble oligomers and fibril formation is one of the essential aspects for understanding the root cause of the disease state and is critical to developing therapeutic interventions. Utilizing a joint pharmacophore space (JPS) method, potential drugs have been designed specifically for amyloid-related diseases. These small molecules were generated based on crucial chemical features necessary for target selectivity. In this paper, we utilize our combined IM-MS and AFM methods to investigate the impact of three second-generation JPS small-molecule inhibitors, AC0201, AC0202, and AC0203, on dodecamer as well as fibril formation in Aβ42. Our results indicate that AC0201 works well as an inhibitor and remodeler of both dodecamers and fibril formation, AC0203 behaves less efficiently, and AC0202 is ineffective.

Bacterioferritin nanocage structures uncover the biomineralization process in ferritins.

Iron is an essential element involved in various metabolic processes. The ferritin family of proteins forms nanocage assembly and is involved in iron oxidation, storage, and mineralization. Although several structures of human ferritins and bacterioferritins have been solved, there is still no complete structure that shows both the trapped Fe-biomineral cluster and the nanocage. Furthermore, whereas the mechanism of iron trafficking has been explained using various approaches, structural details on the biomineralization process (i.e. the formation of the mineral itself) are generally lacking. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of apoform and biomineral bound form (holoforms) of the Streptomyces coelicolor bacterioferritin (ScBfr) nanocage and the subunit crystal structure. The holoforms show different stages of Fe-biomineral accumulation inside the nanocage, in which the connections exist in two of the fourfold channels of the nanocage between the C-terminal of the ScBfr monomers and the Fe-biomineral cluster. The mutation and truncation of the bacterioferritin residues involved in these connections significantly reduced the iron and phosphate binding in comparison with those of the wild type and together explain the underlying mechanism. Collectively, our results represent a prototype for the bacterioferritin nanocage, which reveals insight into its biomineralization and the potential channel for bacterioferritin-associated iron trafficking.

Deformation Behaviour and Damage Evolution of Carbonaceous Phyllite under Cyclic Triaxial Loading.

Rocks present complex deformation behaviours and damage processes under triaxial cyclic loading-a subject not yet sufficiently researched. This paper performed triaxial multistage constant-amplitude cyclic loading experiments under different confining stresses on carbonaceous phyllite. The degradation process is analysed by investigating the variation of elastic modulus ES, Poisson's ratio υ, irreversible strain εirr and energy. Moreover, the rock's failure mode is explored from both macro and micro perspectives. The results showed that the increase in stress level caused the decrease of ES in a step-like form, and the constant-amplitude cyclic loading in each stress level caused a slow decrease of ES, while the υ increased with stress level and constant-amplitude cycles in a similar form. εirr accumulated rapidly at first and then slowly at each stress level; the stress level and irreversible axial strain are related by an exponential function. In terms of energy evolution analysis, the damage to rock can be represented by the cumulative damage energy, there were deceleration accumulations and stability accumulation stages of damage at all stress levels, and an acceleration accumulation stage occurred when the rock was close to failure. The failures of rock under cyclic loading are mainly shear failures, accompanied by grain crushing.

Strong Allelopathic Activity in Purple Leaves of Transgenic Spiraea cantoniensis Containing Cyanidin 3-Glucoside Assayed by the Protoplast Co-culture Method with Digital Image Analysis

The protoplast co-culture method with digital image analysis (DIA-PP method), was used for in vitro bioassay of allelopathic activity in the leaves of in vitro cultured plants of Spiraea cantoniensis. Purple leaves of transgenic S. cantoniensis, containing an anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-glucoside showed strong inhibitory allelopathic activity, 100% inhibition of recipient lettuce protoplast division by 80 × 103 mL-1 of co-cultured protoplasts, while green leaves of non-transgenic S. cantoniensis showed only 20% inhibition. Cyanidin 3-glucoside which inhibited lettuce protoplast division 80% at 100 µM was evaluated as an allelochemical of transgenic S. cantoniensis. Inhibition was stronger at the cell division stage of lettuce protoplast growth than that at the other stages, i.e., cell wall formation stage and yellow pigment accumulation stage. The results were discussed comparatively with the strong inhibitory activity of non-transgenic S. thunbergii and other allelopathic plant species containing different anthocyanin or carotenoid pigments as putative allelochemicals.

Study on Oil and Gas Inclusions and Oil and Gas Accumulation Stages in Majiatan Area, Western Margin of Ordos Basin

The western edge of the Ordos Basin has abundant oil and gas resources. To explore the stages and direction of hydrocarbon fluids migration in petroliferous basins, the hydrocarbon-bearing strata in the Majiatan area on the west margin of the Ordos Basin was analyzed based on petrographic observations, homogenization temperature, salinity and composition of inclusions. The inclusions can be identified as five types. Type I, II and III inclusions exhibit abundant hydrocarbon content, whereas Type IV and V show poor hydrocarbon content. Based on homogenization temperature and salinity analysis, the five types of inclusions can be divided into two-stage formation, Type I, II and III included in the early stage and Type IV and V formed in the late stage. The direction of the hydrocarbon fluid migration of the early and late stages was from the southeast to the northwest, and the difference between the two stages of hydrocarbon fluid migration and inclusions formation depends on the fault activity from the Triassic to the Jurassic. This study is of great significance for future exploration of oil and gas in the Ordos Basin's western margin.

Analysis of Speckle-Structure Images of Material Surface During Cyclic Loading Damage Accumulation Using Neural Networks

To estimate the degree of damage to a material subjected to cyclic loading at stresses above the endurance limit, a technique has been proposed for analyzing speckle images of the material surface at the stage of diffuse accumulation of fatigue damage using neural networks. The microdeformation density of the specimen surface was quantitatively estimated by non-contact speckle interferometry. In the process of loading, an image of speckle structure in the initial state and before fatigue crack nucleation with a certain periodicity was recorded. Two classes of images are distinguished for damage accumulation analysis. The first one is the images corresponding to damage accumulation up to 10% of durability, the second one – more than 90%. The configuration of the network after its training makes it possible to determine to which class the speckle-structure images of the material belong during the accumulation of fatigue damage.

Efficient lipid synthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa promoted under heavy metals from electric arc furnace slag

Electric furnace slag was highly productive and rich in elements, which can be used as a nutrient source for microalgae growth. The regulation of growth and lipid synthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) in electric arc furnace slag leaching solution with or without citric acid was investigated to develop efficient lipid production method with low cost. High lipid content of 45.89 wt% from C. pyrenoidosa with adding electric arc furnace slag leaching solution ≤40% into BG11 was obtained due to C. pyrenoidosa increasing lipid accumulation to resist oxidative stress caused by heavy metals in electric arc furnace slag (Ca of 5.13 mg/L, Fe of 0.05 mg/L, Mn of 0.12 mg/L and Cr of 0.01 mg/L). Exogenous citric acid can improve the ability of C. pyrenoidosa to resist heavy metal toxicity with high biomass content (0.44 g/L) achieved. The cooperation of multiple metal ions in electric arc furnace slag shortened the biomass accumulation stage and prolonged and speeded up the lipid synthesis stage of C. pyrenoidosa by modulating PEPC, ACC and ME activities. This study provided guidance for the industrialization of low-cost lipid-rich microalgae and metallurgical solid waste treatment.

Fretting Damage Evolution of Copper-Magnesium Alloy in Mixed Fretting Regime

The fretting damage evolution of copper-magnesium alloy in the mixed fretting regime was studied. Based on the characteristics of F t-D-N curves and the morphologies of wear scars, the fretting running condition of the alloy was divided into a partial slip regime (PSR), mixed fretting regime (MFR), and gross slip regime (GSR). Fretting in the MFR not only leads to strong adhesive wear but also promotes the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks, resulting in serious fatigue wear. The damage evolution of the alloy in the MFR includes four stages, namely, the initial shear deformation stage, adhesion and crack initiation stage, crack growth and fatigue wear stage, and final fatigue damage accumulation stage. The propagation and connection between the fatigue cracks at the stick–slip boundary and the microcracks in the subsurface plastic strain layer are the main reasons for the serious fatigue wear in the MFR.

Reaction of Peas to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Inoculation of Seeds with Ritorfin on Sod-Podzolic Soil of Different Degree of Cultivation

The results of the vegetative experiment on the establishment of the joint effect of the biological preparation Rhizotorphin and N-fertilizer (doses N0.05, N0.10, N0.15, N0.20, N0.25) on the formation of vegetative mass and the yield of seed pea grain when cultivated on weakly and medium cultivated sod-podzolic soil are presented. With an increase in the dose of N-fertilizer from N0.05 to N0.25, an increase in the yield of green mass of peas was observed by 3.4–22.2 g/vessel (on poorly cultivated) and by 10.3–35.5 g/vessel (on medium cultivated soil). The increase in grain yield from the use of Rhizotorphin on average in the experiment was 1.31 g/vessel on weakly and 1.66 g/vessel on medium cultivated soil. The application of N-fertilizer in medium cultivated soil conditions increased the responsiveness of seeded peas to inoculation to 1.70–1.87 g/vessel. When using Rhizotorphin and applying N-fertilizer, the accumulation of N in pea grain increased by 0.22 and 0.18% in accordance with the degree of cultivation of the soil. When using Rhizotorphin, N was accumulated in the roots, which positively affected the preservation of their activity and functioning at later stages of development, the intake and accumulation of N in the forming grain. The biological preparation Rhizotorphin influenced the accumulation and distribution of consumed N between the main and by-products of pea plants. Due to this, in the budding phase – the beginning of flowering, the dose increased to 0.83–0.88, and 38.0–65.5 mg N/vessel was additionally accumulated in the pea grain. With an increase in the dose of N-fertilizer over 0.05 g/kg on weakly and 0.20 g/kg on medium cultivated soil, the process of forming a symbiotic apparatus on the root system of peas was completely suppressed.

Lipid rafts act as a common platform for Aβ oligomer‐induced Alzheimer’s pathology

AbstractBackgroundAmyloid‐β (Aβ) oligomers induce the overproduction of phosphorylated tau and neurodegeneration. These cascades gradually cause cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While each pathological event in AD has been studied in detail separately, the spatial and temporal relationships between pathological events in AD remain unclear. We demonstrated that lipid rafts function as a common platform for the pathological cascades of AD.MethodCellular and synaptosomal lipid rafts were prepared from the brains of Aβ amyloid model mice (Tg2576 mice) and double transgenic mice (Tg2576 x TgTauP301L mice) and longitudinally analyzed.ResultAβ oligomers, the cellular prion protein (PrPc), and Aβ oligomer/PrPc complexes were detected in the lipid rafts. The levels of Fyn, the phosphorylated NR2B subunit of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, total tau, phosphorylated tau, and tau oligomers increased with Aβ oligomer accumulation in both the cellular and synaptosomal lipid rafts. Increases in the levels of these molecules were first seen at 6 months of age and corresponded with the early stages of Aβ accumulation in the amyloid model mice.ConclusionLipid rafts act as a common platform for the progression of Alzheimer’s pathology. The findings of this study suggest a novel therapeutic approach to AD, involving the modification of lipid raft components and the inhibition of their roles in the sequential pathological events of AD.

Recommendation of RILEM TC 271-ASC: New accelerated test procedure for the assessment of resistance of natural stone and fired-clay brick units against salt crystallization

This recommendation is devoted to testing the resistance of natural stone and fired-clay brick units against salt crystallization. The procedure was developed by the RILEM TC 271-ASC to evaluate the durability of porous building materials against salt crystallization through a laboratory method that allows for accelerated testing without compromising the reliability of the results. The new procedure is designed to replicate salt damage caused by crystallization near the surface of materials as a result of capillary transport and evaporation. A new approach is proposed that considers the presence of two stages in the salt crystallization test. In the first, the accumulation stage, salts gradually accumulate on or near the surface of the material due to evaporation. In the second, the propagation stage, damage initiates and develops due to changes in moisture content and relative humidity that trigger salt dissolution and crystallization cycles. To achieve this, two types of salt were tested, namely sodium chloride and sodium sulphate, with each salt tested separately. A methodology for assessing the salt-induced damage is proposed, which includes visual and photographical observations and measurement of material loss. The procedure has been preliminarily validated in round robin tests.

On erosion transition from the incubation stage to the accumulation stage in liquid impingement erosion

The evolution of surface profiles during erosion caused by the continuous impact of a liquid jet was studied using a water-jet apparatus. In this study, we focused on the erosion transition from the incubation stage to the accumulation stage during liquid impingement erosion, which is important for water-jet cleaning and aging management for nuclear power plants. By computing the local erosion rate distribution and surface roughness parameters, the formations of isolated pits and asperities were investigated. The structure of erosion caused by liquid impingement was extracted by using a dynamic mode decomposition technique. The surface profile changes were primarily caused by the formation of isolated pits and asperities during the incubation stage. The roughness parameters remained unchanged during the incubation stage, with barely measurable erosion depth, whereas the skewness of the surface profile began to increase during this stage. The initial erosion with a small-scale roughness gradually evolved into a large-scale crater. Dynamic mode decomposition analysis showed the presence of a short-wavelength (mode A) surface depression during the incubation stage, followed by a long-wavelength (mode B) erosion crater caused by the merging of mode A surface depressions during the accumulation stage.

Histidine tautomerism-mediated transthyretin amyloidogenesis: A molecular insight

Characterization of the conformational alterations involved in monomer misfolding is essential for elucidating the molecular basis of the initial stage of protein accumulation. Here, we report the first structural analyses of transthyretin (TTR) (26−57) fragments with two histidine tautomeric states (δ; Nδ1H and ε; Nε2H) using replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations. Explaining the organizational properties and misfolding procedure is challenging because the δ and ε configurations can occur in the free neutral state. REMD revealed that β-sheet generation is favored for the δδ (16.8%) and εδ (6.7%) tautomeric isomers, showing frequent main-chain contacts between the stable regions near the head (N-terminus) and central (middle) part compared to the εε (4.8%) and δε (2.8%) isomers. The presence of smaller and wider local energy minima may be related to the structural stability and toxicity of δδ/εδ and εε/δε. Histidines31 and 56 were the parts of regular (such as β-strand) and nonregular (such as coil) secondary structures within the highly toxic TTR isomer. For TTR amyloidosis, focusing on hazardous isomeric forms with high sheet contents may be a potent treatment strategy. Overall, our findings support the tautomerism concept and aid in our comprehension of the basic tautomeric actions of neutral histidine throughout the misfolding process.

An experimental study on the combustion process and thermodynamic characteristic parameters of copper wire overcurrent fault

AbstractThe overcurrent fault of copper wire is an important cause of electrical fire, and the combustion process of which is relatively complicated. In this study, the rated current of 32A of the wire was taken, and the electrical fault simulation device was used. After the overcurrent Io was set to 128A, 160A, 192A, and 224A, respectively, to analyze the combustion evolution process of PVC‐insulated copper wire, the evolution of pyrolysis gas from the insulating layer, and the change of functional groups. The results show that when the overcurrent fault of PVC‐insulated copper wire happened, the core wire was turning red, the wire was deforming, the smoke was releasing, the insulating layer was dripping, the wire was fusing, and the continuous burning occurred. When the current Io < 160A, there was only one fusing point on the wire. In addition, when an overcurrent fault occurred in the PVC‐insulated copper wire, the temperature rise rate increased exponentially, which can be divided into three stages of the initial heat accumulation stage, the wire fusing stage, and the continuous burning stage. Furthermore, CO, HCl, CH4, olefins, and aliphatic and aromatic compounds were precipitated during the combustion process of the PVC insulating layer. The quality of the insulating layer decreased with the increase in temperature, and the weight loss rate was higher at 300°C. The conclusions of this study have provided experimental basis and technical support for the physical and evidence identification of fire accidents.

Verbal memory formation across PET-based Braak stages of tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease.

A classical early sign of typical Alzheimer's disease is memory decline, which has been linked to the aggregation of tau in the medial temporal lobe. Verbal delayed free recall and recognition tests have consistently probed useful to detect early memory decline, and there is substantial debate on how performance, particularly in recognition tests, is differentially affected through health and disease in older adults. Using in vivo PET-Braak staging, we investigated delayed recall and recognition memory dysfunction across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Our cross-sectional study included 144 cognitively unimpaired elderly, 39 amyloid-β+ individuals with mild cognitive impairment and 29 amyloid-β+ Alzheimer's disease patients from the Translational Biomarkers in Aging and Dementia cohort, who underwent [18F]MK6240 tau and [18F]AZD4694 amyloid PET imaging, structural MRI and memory assessments. We applied non-parametric comparisons, correlation analyses, regression models and voxel-wise analyses. In comparison with PET-Braak Stage 0, we found that reduced, but not clinically significant, delayed recall starts at PET-Braak Stage II (adjusted P < 0.0015), and that recognition (adjusted P = 0.011) displayed a significant decline starting at PET-Braak Stage IV. While performance in both delayed recall and recognition related to tau in nearly the same cortical areas, further analyses showed that delayed recall rendered stronger associations in areas of early tau accumulation, whereas recognition displayed stronger correlations in mostly posterior neocortical regions. Our results support the notion that delayed recall and recognition deficits are predominantly associated with tau load in allocortical and neocortical areas, respectively. Overall, delayed recall seems to be more dependent on the integrity of anterior medial temporal lobe structures, while recognition appears to be more affected by tau accumulation in cortices beyond medial temporal regions.

Kinetic characteristics of and critical stages for mercury accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

By studying the dynamic characteristics of and key growth stages for mercury (Hg) enrichment in rice, the Hg migration and translocation processes in this species can be better understood. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted, wherein two rice cultivars, Tianyouhuazhan (TYHZ, indica) and Zhendao 18 (ZD18, japonica), were selected and planted for analysing the Hg accumulation kinetic characteristics in rice plants. The plants were sampled at each growth stage, and the biomass and total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations of each tissue were measured. The relative Hg contribution rates (CRs) in whole rice plants and rice grains were calculated, and the growth stage with the highest relative contribution was identified as the key growth stage for Hg accumulation. The results indicated that in rice, the MeHg translocation capability was stronger than the THg translocation capability. Significant differences in the kinetic characteristics of Hg accumulation were found between the two rice cultivars, and the TYHZ rice grains had a stronger Hg accumulation ability than the ZD18 rice grains. The key growth stages for THg accumulation in whole rice plants of both cultivars were the tillering and booting stages, while that for MeHg accumulation was the tillering stage. The key period for Hg accumulation in rice grains was the grain filling stage for both cultivars. The insights from this study could provide scientific guidance for the safe production of rice in Hg-contaminated soil.

Cardiac magnetic resonance in Fabry disease.

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient a-galactosidase A activity that leads to an accumulation of glycolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine, in affected tissues, including the heart. Cardiovascular involvement usually manifests as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), myocardial fibrosis, heart failure, and arrhythmias, which limit the quality of life and represent the most common causes of death. Following the introduction of enzyme replacement therapy, early diagnosis and treatment have become essential in slowing down the disease progression and preventing major cardiac complications. Recent advances in the understanding of FD pathophysiology suggest that in addition to Gb3 accumulation, other mechanisms contribute to the development of cardiac damage. FD cardiomyopathy is characterized by an earlier stage of glycosphingolipid accumulation and a later one of hypertrophy. Morphological and functional aspects are not specific in the echocardiographic evaluation of Anderson-Fabry disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance with tissue characterization capability is an accurate technique for the differential diagnosis of LVH. Progress in imaging techniques has improved the diagnosis and staging of FD-related cardiac disease: a decreased myocardial T1 value is specific of FD. Late gadolinium enhancement is typical of the later stage of cardiac involvement but as in other cardiomyopathy is also valuable to predict the outcome and cardiac response to therapy.

Mechanical Properties Degradation of Fiberglass Tubes during Biaxial Proportional Cyclic Loading.

Composite structures during an operation are subjected to various types of external loading (impact, vibration, cyclic, etc.), which may lead to a decrease in mechanical properties. Previously, many experimental investigations of the mechanical behavior of composites under uniaxial cyclic loading were carried out. Acquisition of new data on the reduction of composite materials' mechanical characteristics under conditions of multiaxial cyclic loading, as well as verification of existing models for calculation of the residual properties, are relevant. Therefore, this work is devoted to the experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of fiberglass tubes under proportional cyclic loading. Static and fatigue tests were carried out under tension with torsion conditions. Inhomogeneous strain fields were obtained using a non-contact optical video system VIC-3D. The structural damage accumulation processes were analyzed by an AMSY-6 acoustic emission signals recording system. Surface defects were determined using a DinoLite microscope. Residual dynamic elastic modules were calculated during fatigue tests, and fatigue sensitivity curves were built. Data was approximated using various models, and their high descriptive capability was revealed. Damage accumulation stages were determined. The dependence of the models' parameters on a stress state were observed. It was concluded that multiaxial cyclic loading leads to a significant decrease in mechanical properties, which should be taken into account in composite structure design.

Peculiarities of the pedagogical process in Natalia Yeshchenko’s piano class

Statement of the problem. The article is dedicated to the Honored Worker of Arts of Ukraine, Professor of the Kharkiv I. P. Kotlyarevsky National University of Arts Natalia Oleksandrivna Yeshchenko (1926–2015). Brilliant pianist, teacher, artist, she left a noticeable mark in the cultural history of Kharkiv, and more than 90 her graduates work in Ukraine and in various parts of the world. Nevertheless, the analysis of materials related to her pedagogical activity, shows that the methods of organizing the educational process in her special piano class, have not been studied enough. The purpose of the research paper is to examine the pedagogical activity of Natalia Yeshchenko and to reveal the peculiarities of the organizational process in it. Research results. The main stages of pedagogical experience accumulation of the pianist, the process of her teaching, thanks to which numerous solo concerts of her students with complex programs took place, were considered. It was found that her attitude to work was helped to expand students’ horizons, and cultivate the necessary character traits: hard work, will, perseverance. So, Natalia Yeshchenko believed that the most important law of pedagogy is an individual approach to education. She widely used the method of developmental education, supported her students to solve creative tasks, followed the personal professional progress of everyone, took care of their harmonious growth as individuals. She considered it an important pedagogical task to make ready the students, professionally and psychologically, for independent activities. Conclusion. We define that learning is a two-sided process of collective activity of the student and the teacher. It can be considered as one of the means of personality formation through pedagogical communication. In such a way, the numerous solo concerts of Natalia Yeshchenko’s students are a creative workshop for students and teachers, where the organization of the pedagogical process is aimed at the education of the student’s independence and initiative, the development of his thinking and creative individuality, the motivation of learning, when the teacher, using his perfect professional skill and psychological levers, successfully leads the student to the chosen goal. Such two-sided intense work really reveals the common values and sets mutual understanding between the student and the teacher.