Staff Behavior Research Articles

Nursing staff's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards discharge preparation services Discussion on relevant factors: Taking a regional hospital in the north as an example

<p>目的：探討北部某區域醫院護理人員對出院準備服務知識、態度、行為之相關因素。方法：為橫斷性研究設計，於 2022年 8 月對北部某區域醫院執業滿三個月之臨床護理人員共360位進行結構式問卷調查，包含個人屬性資料、出院準備服務知識量表、服務態度量表、服務行為量表以單因子變異數分析、相關係數與迴歸進行資料分析。結果：護理人員出院準備知識與態度(r = 0.56，p＜.001）、態度與行為(r =0.43，p＜.001），呈現中度正相關；行為與知識(r = 0.71，p＜.001），呈現高度正相關，廻歸分析結果，控制人口學變項後知識總分越高則執行出院準備服務行為也會越高(β=- 0.637，p＜.001）且有無執行服務經驗無論在知識、態度及行為均達統計上顯著差異。結論：從此研究的結果中，我們可得知教育訓練的提供及高參與經驗不但對於了解程度及所抱持的態度有顯著的影響，經常執行出院準備服務經驗者其態度較為正向，因此提供給這些護理人員足夠的教育訓練，並且透過教育訓練來培育增加了解程度。</p> <p> </p><p>Objective: Exploring the factors associated with nursing staff’s knowledge, at-titude, and behavior towards discharge planning in a northern regional hospital. Methods: Designed for a cross-sectional study, a structured questionnaire survey was conducted among 360 clinical nurses who had been practicing for three months in a northern regional hospital in August 2022, Data including personal attribute data, discharge planning knowledge scale, attitude scale and behavior scale were analyzed by univariate ANOVA, correlation coefficient and regression. Results: The knowledge and attitude (r = 0.56，p＜.001), attitude and behavior (r =0.43，p＜.001)of nurses’ discharge preparation showed moderate positive correlation., there was a significant positive correlation between behavior and knowledge (r = 0.71，p＜.001 ). The results of regression analysis showed that the higher the total score of knowledge was, the higher the performance of service preparation was (β=- 0.637，p＜.001), and there were statistically significant differences in knowledge, attitude and behavior with or without service experience. Conclusion: From the results of this study, we can see that the availability of educational training and high participa-tion experience not only had a significant effect on the level of understanding and attitude, but also the attitude of those who frequently performed discharge planning was more positive, so provide these nursing staff with sufficient education and training, and through education and training to increase the level of understanding.</p> <p> </p>

EFEKTIVITAS PELAYANAN KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL BERBASIS ONLINE PADA DINAS SOSIAL KABUPATEN SUMBAWA BARAT

This research discusses the Effectiveness of Online-Based Social Welfare Services at the West Sumbawa District Social Office. It focuses on the effectiveness and quality of online-based social welfare services provided by the West Sumbawa District Social Office. This research aims to understand the impact and progress of online-based service implementation in the context of social welfare. This study utilizes a quantitative descriptive approach to gather the necessary data to measure the effectiveness and quality of social welfare services at the West Sumbawa District Social Office. The results of the analysis of the effectiveness of online-based social welfare services show that the implementation significantly improves the effectiveness of social welfare services. Factors such as the implementation of standard operating procedures, timeliness of service completion, cost transparency, quality of facilities and infrastructure, staff behavior, and qualifications all have a positive impact on service performance.

A dilemma of patients: poor quality administration of tertiary care hospitals: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: The study focuses on healthcare delivery standards in Pakistan’s tertiary care hospitals. Poor accountability and a lack of financial and human resources are the main contributing factors to a hospital’s substandard performance and low patient satisfaction rates. Feedback surveillance forms are the Achilles tendon in the quality improvement of a facility, and this practice is, unfortunately, not widely practiced in the hospitals of Pakistan. Through this paper and experience, the authors hope to shed light on the need for regular feedback surveys and implementing their results to improve healthcare quality. Settings and Design: A prospective, observational study of seven tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: The data was collected using a survey form. Each survey form was filled out by a team comprising three public health professionals who observed the hospital and its functioning without interfering with its workings. The questionnaire was developed with the help of Tools for Assessing the Operationality of District Health Systems: Health Facility Questionnaire designated in the respective facilities. The analysis was then draughted as a qualitative narrative review. Finally, the review was broken down into an assessment of the hospital’s outpatient clinic setting, inpatient department, emergency department and other departments. Results: The survey was conducted at seven public sector hospitals in three major cities of Pakistan. The survey focused on administrative and nonmedical parameters of healthcare facilities. Overall, the hospitals of Lahore and Islamabad lacked mass casualty apparatus and cleanliness, and staff behaviour can be improved. The hospitals in Rawalpindi have mass casualty apparatuses in place. However, they need improvement in accessibility services and hygiene and staff attitude. Conclusions: The survey showed that all the hospitals had good access and accessibility, and the directions were clearly marked for the visitors. The hospital staff is knowledgeable about the hospital, but their behaviour needs to be improved. Also, the quality of the cleanliness and waiting areas is fair but needs improvements. Finally, regular cheques via regular feedback and quality assessments can improve healthcare delivery.

Pandemic Preparedness in the Aged Care Sector: A systematic literature review

Infectious disease outbreaks in aged care services present challenges for consumers and staff. The vulnerability of users of aged care services and a lack of preparedness on the part of aged care services to manage the risk associated with viral disease transmission was particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic.We used the PRISMA Method to review the available literature systematically. This qualitative review of the literature on pandemic preparedness assessed eight high-quality research papers and identified themes that emerged to support aged care services in preparing for future pandemics. These articles provided insight into what aged care services require to increase their capacity to respond to communicable disease outbreaks.Four themes emerged from the literature reviewed: Staff Training and Development, Safety Culture, Creating a Safe Environment by planning for contingencies and Risk and Resource Management (including resourcing for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), Leader Presence and Time Responses and Clear, Consistent Messaging) were the dominant themes in the literature. The researchers found that using guidelines and checklists is helpful but only if they are clear, not complex and do not take too long to read. Risk strategies in future must also focus on the resources required to protect staff, families, and consumers. This paper also provides recommendations that will allow aged care services to respond to future communicable disease outbreaks more effectively. Such measures include the need for a planning methodology that incorporates ready access to PPE, the use of meaningful communication, increased hazard and risk awareness and the need to create a safety culture within the service based on sound values, attitudes and behaviours of leaders and staff.

Five core areas to focus infection prevention and transmission risk breaches training based on quarantine staff orientation sessions: A qualitative study

Background & Aim: Breach awareness in relation to types, mitigation, and reporting should be a routine part of infection prevention training. Understanding breaches can reduce risk of disease transmission to staff and communities when contextualized to the infectious disease, environment, and situation. At a large-scale Australian COVID-19 quarantine facility, this study examined the core personal protective equipment and infection prevention breaches new quarantine workers identified during their site orientation to inform future breach training.
 Methods & Materials: Through the application of a qualitative approach, the project implemented a descriptive thematic analysis to identify the different types of breaches staff presented. An additional summative content analysis method was applied to determine if the breaches staff identified were breaching and if the risk level staff allocated to the breach was mapped to the risk of disease transmission. Data were collected from 30 orientation sessions and included 603 breach risk responses for analysis.
 Results: There were five core breach areas identified: donning and doffing of personal protective equipment, failure of personal protective equipment or lack of equipment, environmental factors, staff behaviors, and resident behaviors. The breach allocations by staff demonstrated knowledge deficits across health and non-health staff in disease transmission, particularly in the actual level of the risk for transmission.
 Conclusion: Breaches awareness in relation to types, mitigation and reporting should be a routine part of infection prevention training. The five areas of breaches present an adaptable foundation to base infection prevention breach training for any health facility. When contextualised to the communicable disease, environment and situation, understanding breaches can reduce the risk of disease transmission to staff and communities.

Sustainability of integrated hypertension and diabetes with HIV care for people living with HIV at primary health care in South Ethiopia: implication for integration

BackgroundPeople living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have an increased risk of developing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) compared with people without HIV. The multimorbidity of NCDs and HIV increases the need for integrated care. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the implementation of integrated sustained hypertension and diabetes with HIV care to address the multiple chronic care needs of PLWH in Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the sustainability of integrated hypertension and diabetes within HIV care for PLWH in primary healthcare (PHC) in southern Ethiopia.MethodsThe National Health Service Institute for Innovation and Improvement Sustainability Model (NHS- SM) self-assessment tool was used to assess sustainability. HIV care and NCD team members from five PHC facilities in South Ethiopia were included. Participants completed the self-administered NHS-SM assessment tool independently.ResultThe overall mean sustainability was 43.74 (95% CI: 42.15–45.33). All facilities had an overall sustainability score of less than 55. The perceived benefit beyond helping the patient, the likelihood of adaptability, and perceived alignment with the organizational goal were identified as potential factors promoting sustainability. The perceived lack of an effective system to monitor progress, staff behavior, inadequate staff involvement and training, inadequate senior leadership support and clinical leadership engagement, and infrastructure limitations could negatively affect sustainability.ConclusionsIntegrating hypertension and diabetes with HIV care sustainably at PHC requires staff involvement and training, staff behavior change communication, ensuring PHC management and clinical leadership (doctors and senior clinicians) engagement, and addressing infrastructure limitations.

Authentic leadership as a predictor of organizational citizenship behaviour and teachers’ burnout: What's ‘quiet quitting’ got to do with it?

Teachers’ attitudes and behaviours have been studied for the past few decades, but recently, especially due to changes following covid-19, a new concept named ‘quiet quitting’ has emerged. This term refers to the widespread phenomenon of employees setting limits to their employers and insisting on their unwillingness to go beyond job requirements. This study explored the relationships between principals’ authentic leadership (AL) and teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and burnout, mediated by teachers’ organizational commitment, while distinguishing between the teachers’ level and the school level. One Thousand one hundred and seventy-nine Israeli teachers from 69 schools participated in this study. Results indicate that organizational commitment mediated the relationship between AL and burnout on both the teachers’ and the school level. Organizational commitment mediation regarding the relationship between AL and OCB was confirmed for the teachers’ level only. OCB positively correlated to burnout on the school level only. These findings clarify the concept of ‘quiet quitting’ among teachers. Actually, it seems to be a positive trend serving to reduce burnout among teachers who overwork themselves. These findings can help enlighten school leaders regarding their staff's behaviour as well as the school climate they wish to cultivate.

Teoretyko-prykladni aspekty suchasnoho dilovoho etyketu turystychnykh orhanizatsii

The initial categories of business etiquette of travel companies such as «ethics», «morality», «morality», and «etiquette» are clarified. The content of the concept of ethics, which is interpreted as a system of knowledge about morality, good and evil, and their influence on human behaviour in relation to the world around us, is disclosed. The concept of morality is characterized, which is a system of ideas, norms, views, and rules of human behaviour based on the principles of good and evil. The classification of etiquette is considered. The author describes the most common types of etiquette, including court, military, diplomatic, secular, business, linguistic, and religious. Based on scientific works, the author analyses the definitions of the concept of «business etiquette». In particular, the following main interpretations of it are highlighted: the order of behaviour, rules of conduct, norms of interaction, and communication. The author's own definition of business etiquette of a tourism organization is formed. Business etiquette of a tourism organization is a clearly defined norm of behaviour of staff with clients, and business partners, as well as rules of interaction between employees of the company: managers and subordinates and equal specialists. Important spheres and forms of business etiquette of travel agencies are highlighted. These include the etiquette of national symbols; gifts in business relations; official and protocol forms of greeting and introduction; business cards; business attire; etiquette in advertising, correspondence, customer consultation; business subordination, etc. The emphasis is placed on business etiquette in tourism organizations. The subsystems of business etiquette are characterized: speech (verbal) etiquette, kinesics, etiquette proxemics, and etiquette attributes. The following functions of business etiquette of tourism organizations are allocated: regulatory, recognition, identification, communicative, aesthetic, and ethical. The principles of business etiquette, and rules for the success of tourism organizations are formed. Ways to improve the business etiquette of tourism organizations through the introduction of codes of ethics, «ethics cards», and ethical expertise are proposed. The emphasis is placed on the need to take into account the norms of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism when developing corporate codes of ethics.

Antecedents and Mediators of Academic Satisfaction in Virtual Vocational Training.

At a time when distance vocational training is on the rise, it seems logical to investigate the variables that can affect the quality of such teaching. The usability of the virtual environment, as well as the behaviour and disposition of the teaching staff, emerge as key factors that influence burnout, engagement, and academic satisfaction. Using a cross-sectional sample of 208 distance vocational training students, the mediating role of burnout and academic engagement in the relationships established between the usability of the virtual environment, teacher support, and academic satisfaction was analysed. On the other hand, multiple regression analyses were carried out in order to investigate the relationships between the challenges and obstacles faced by distance vocational training students and their level of burnout or engagement. Our results confirm the mediating role of academic burnout and engagement in students' academic satisfaction. Regression analyses suggest that the obstacles faced by distance vocational education and training (D-VET) students influence their level of academic burnout or engagement. Our findings are consistent with the current understanding of the role that certain variables play in the well-being of students and which, in turn, influence the quality of teaching.

Factors Influencing Intention and Behaviour of Agricultural Extension Staff Concerting Post-Covid-19 Digital Technical Guidance: A Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Agriculture extension staffs are encouraged to attempt more efficient methods to enhance their competency through digital webinars or technical guidance, in Bahasa Bimbingan Teknis (Bimtek) programs. The research aims to explore factors influencing the intention and behavior of agricultural extension staff towards the Technical guidance online Ministry of Agriculture in Special Region Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research included the Behavior Intention (BI) and Use Behavior (UB) models with significant construct. The research used the quantitative method and analyzed PLS-SEM. One hundred eighty extension staffs participated, chiefly 34-42 years old. All of the indicators passed the outer model assessment. The analysis results conclude that significant effects are Attitude to BI, Control Behavior to BI, Perceived Usefulness to BI, and Behavior Intention to UB. The perception of extension staffs about Technical guidance online can enhance their performance to continue using it in obtaining agricultural technology information, extension materials, information on agricultural policies, and the latest agricultural development programs. The insignificant constructs are Subjective Norm, Motivation, and Perceived Ease to Use. The validated research model explains 61% of the variance (R2 = 0.61) in Attitude, Perceived Usefulness, and Control Behaviour towards Behavior Intention (BI). Moreover, BI explains 8.9% of the variance (R2 = 0.089) in UB of Technical guidance online. This research found that BI and UB have Q2 values of 0.538 and 0.077. The practical implication could be applied as preliminary development planning studies to enhance the efficiency of Technical guidance online as Bank Data.

YİYECEK İÇECEK İŞLETMELERİNDEKİ PERSONEL DAVRANIŞLARININ MÜŞTERİNİN YEME İÇME DENEYİMİNE ETKİSİ

Staff behaviour in food and beverage establishments is a critical factor that directly affects customer experience. Especially in the food sector, the relationship between the staff and the customer is of great importance. Considering the physical proximity between the staff and the customer during the service process in the food sector, it becomes critical that the staff exhibit a careful and attentive attitude. Even if all the facilities provided by the business are perfect, negative customer experiences caused by staff behaviour may cause the business to gain a negative reputation. The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the behaviours and attitudes of the staff who communicate directly with the customers on the eating and drinking experiences of the customers. In this framework, the study investigates the effects of restaurant staff's behaviours such as hygiene, communication skills, courtesy on customers' purchasing decisions, satisfaction level and tendency to recommend the business. The participant group of the study consists of customers who go to restaurants serving street food in Kocaeli province. Using qualitative research method, data collection was carried out by interview technique. The participants were asked questions to evaluate the effect of staff behaviours on their eating and drinking experiences in restaurants and the answers were recorded. The results of this study show how critical staff behaviour is for restaurant businesses to increase customer satisfaction. In this context, it is recommended that businesses should develop strategies for staff training and improving their behaviour.

A20Does the use of simulation enhance the development of registered physiotherapist’s respiratory ‘on-call’ skills – a literature review

On-call respiratory physiotherapy is utilized when an acutely unwell patient could deteriorate without immediate assessment and treatment overnight. Education related to this topic varies greatly and is often of poor quality. Simulation-based education (SBE) has been increasingly used within other areas of healthcare yet, Gough et al. [1] completed a study in 2013, which found only 39% of acute trusts used simulation for respiratory on-call training. To determine from existing research, whether SBE can enhance the development of registered physiotherapists respiratory ‘on-call’ skills in order to impact future practice. A qualitative literature review was completed as part of a PgCert in Health Simulation at Coventry University, in March 2023. Ethical approval was gained from Coventry University (P149952). Studies included were found by searching AMED, CINAHL Embase and Medline databases. PRISMA flow diagram Eleven papers were selected to be reviewed after the removal of duplicates, screening and the exclusion criteria were applied. The main themes identified were the use of high-fidelity simulation, the measure of confidence and/or competence, and findings of positive implications for practice. SBE is widely used for other healthcare professions with positive outcomes; however, its use within respiratory physiotherapy is limited. Most studies chose to measure self-reported levels of competence and confidence, which is an example of Kirkpatrick level-one evaluation. These measures have only casual links to transfer of knowledge and behaviour change, which are key requirements when applying training to clinical settings. Interestingly, the review also demonstrates favourable use of high-fidelity manikins within this population. Although this was not discussed by the researchers, this may be a barrier for further implementation due to cost and technical knowledge required to use the equipment. The use of SBE has been beneficial in other healthcare professions and similar positives were found for its use with respiratory physiotherapists. However, much of the research is of low quality, and further research is required to review other confounding factors that may influence the outcomes and longitudinal staff behaviour. Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable.

Perceptions of Chinese hospital leaders on joint commission international accreditation: a qualitative study.

Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation plays a significant role in improving the quality of care and patient safety worldwide. Hospital leadership is critical in making international accreditation happen with successful implementation. Little is known about how Chinese hospital leaders experienced and perceived the impact of JCI accreditation. This paper is the first study to explore the perceptions of hospital leaders toward JCI accreditation in China. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were used to explore the perceptions of the chief operating officers, the chief medical officers, and the chief quality officers in five JCI-accredited hospitals in China. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview transcripts and identify the main themes. Fifteen hospital leaders participated in the interviews. Three themes emerged from the analysis, namely the motivations, challenges, and benefits related to pursuing and implementing JCI accreditation. The qualitative study found that eight factors influenced hospital leadership to pursue JCI accreditation, five challenges were identified with implementing JCI standards, and eight benefits emerged from the leadership perspective. Pursuing JCI accreditation is a discretionary decision by the hospital leadership. Participants were motivated by prevalent perceptions that JCI requirements would be used as a management tool to improve the quality of care and patient safety in their hospitals. These same organizational leaders identified challenges associated with implementing and sustaining JCI accreditation. The significant challenges were a clear understanding of the foreign accreditation standards, making staff actively participate in JCI processes, and changing staff behaviors accordingly. The top 5 perceived benefits to JCI accreditation from the leaders' perspective were improved leadership and hospital safety, improvements in the care processes, and the quality of care and the learning culture improved. Other perceived benefits include enhanced reputation, better cost containment, and a sense of pride in the staff in JCI-accredited hospitals.

A mixed methods evaluation of a digital antenatal quality improvement intervention in Nepal

Abstract Background Quality antenatal care plays an important role in reducing maternal and perinatal mortality. Electronic decision support systems (EDSS) aim to promote adherence to evidence-based practices. The evaluation aimed to assess the effectiveness of the intervention on improving quality of antenatal care (ANC) and understanding of implementation process and intervention effects. Methods The study was conducted in primary health care settings in Nepal. Theory of change framework was used for mixed-method evaluation. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected at multiple time points. Data were integrated using concurrent triangulation to develop explanations about the implementation process and the observed effects. Results Guided by our theory of change, we identified eleven themes that help to understand how the EDSS was used in the real context, and why the EDSS was not much effective in bringing the desired changes that was required to improve quality of ANC. EDSS appear to slightly influence ANC staff behavior, however, training ANC staff in using the EDSS did not necessarily lead to confidence in using it and ANC staff used the EDSS as recordkeeping system. We found mixed evidence on ANC staff believe that the EDSS offers benefits to their work. Inflexibility of EDSS during ANC consultation caused difficulties adapting to women's need and challenging to integrate the EDSS in ANC staffs’ workflow and daily activities. Inadequate linkage of the EDSS with existing health systems impaired the EDSS guided clinical performance. Conclusions There is some indication that the EDSS have the potential to increase the quality of care. However, the EDDS alone are not enough to bring the adequate change in ANC staff delivery of quality care. Active participation of government and grassroot level understanding of health system would be essential considering conducting further research taking in account the resources, and other factors that hinders the EDSS utilization. Key messages • Concurrent triangulation helps to understand that digital health intervention is not enough to bring intended changes in the quality-of-service delivery at health facility. • Understanding of context and ground reality is essential to improve the quality of care and enhance the performance of healthcare providers.

Students' Perception of the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Teaching Staff from Pre-University Education

Performance evaluation focuses on verifying how the objectives, tasks, responsibilities or requirements of the position are met by its holder. The evaluation of professional performances is a topical issue in Romania and due to the fact that until 1989 this activity was limited in most organizations to a superficial characterization of employees, based on which there were no real performance criteria. The experience of developed countries shows that, although there are still many controversial aspects related to evaluation, it remains a fundamental issue of managerial effectiveness (Lukacs, E. 2002). The purpose of the research is the students' perception of the professional behavior of the teaching staff and the efficiency of the teaching staff. We were also interested in checking whether these perceptions are related to the personality type of the evaluator student.

Fair Healthcare Practices in Orthopedics Assessed with a New Framework.

Background and Objectives: Healthcare systems are supported by the European ideology to develop their egalitarian concerns and to encourage the correct and fair behavior of medical staff. By integrating fair healthcare practices into sustainability, this requirement is addressed. In this research, our objective is to develop and validate, in the current activity of healthcare facilities, a new instrument for evaluating fair healthcare practices as a component of social responsibility integrated into sustainability. Materials and Methods: The research methods consist of deciding the domains of a new framework that integrates fair healthcare practices; the collection of the most recent fair healthcare practices reported by healthcare facilities around the world; elaboration of the contents and evaluation grids of the indicators; the integration of indicators related to fair healthcare practices in the matrix of the new framework for sustainable development; validation of the theoretical model at an orthopedic hospital. Results: The theoretical model of the new framework is composed of five domains: organizational management, provision of sustainable medical care services, economic, environmental, and social. The last domain is developed on the structure of the seven subdomains of the social responsibility standard ISO 26000. The seven indicators that describe fair healthcare practices are attitudes of the profession towards accreditation, effective intervention application, promoting a culture of patient safety, characteristics that affect the effectiveness of transfers, effective healthcare practices, feedback to medical staff, safety checklists. The new reference framework was implemented and validated in practice at an emergency hospital with an orthopedic profile. Conclusions: The practical implementation highlighted the usefulness of the new reference framework, its compatibility, and the possibility of integration with the reference frameworks for the evaluation of European hospitals, with the national legislation for the accreditation of hospitals and outpatient units, as well as with the ISO 9001 standard regarding the implementation of quality management systems. Its added value consists in promoting sustainable development by orienting staff, patients, and interested parties towards sustainability.

Evaluating Staff Attitudes, Intentions, and Behaviors Related to Cyber Security in Large Australian Health Care Environments: Mixed Methods Study.

Previous studies have identified that the effective management of cyber security in large health care environments is likely to be significantly impacted by human and social factors, as well as by technical controls. However, there have been limited attempts to confirm this by using measured and integrated studies to identify specific user motivations and behaviors that can be managed to achieve improved outcomes. This study aims to document and analyze survey and interview data from a diverse range of health care staff members, to determine the primary motivations and behaviors that influence their acceptance and application of cyber security messaging and controls. By identifying these issues, recommendations can be made to positively influence future cyber security governance in health care. An explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was undertaken to analyze quantitative data from a web-based staff survey (N=103), with a concurrent qualitative investigation applied to data gathered via in-depth staff interviews (N=9). Data from both stages of this methodology were mapped to descriptive variables based on a modified version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM; TAM2). After normalization, the quantitative data were verified and analyzed using descriptive statistics, distribution and linearity measures, and a bivariate correlation of the TAM variables to identify the Pearson coefficient (r) and significance (P) values. Finally, after confirming Cronbach α, the determinant score for multicollinearity, and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure, and applying the Bartlett test of sphericity (χ2), an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify the primary factors with an eigenvalue (λ) >1.0. Comments captured during the qualitative interviews were coded using NVivo software (QSR International) to create an emic-to-etic understanding, which was subsequently integrated with the quantitative results to produce verified conclusions. Using the explanatory sequential methodology, this study showed that the perceived usefulness of security controls emerged as the most significant factor influencing staff beliefs and behaviors. This variable represented 24% of all the variances measured in the EFA and was also the most common category identified across all coded interviews (281/692, 40.6%). The word frequency analysis showed that systems, patients, and people represented the top 3 recurring themes reported by the interviewees. To improve cyber security governance in large health care environments, efforts should be focused on demonstrating how confidentiality, integrity, availability, policies, and cloud or vendor-based controls (the main contributors of usefulness measured by the EFA) can directly improve outcomes for systems, staff, and patients. Further consideration also needs to be given to how clinicians should share data and collaborate on patient care, with tools and processes provided to support and manage data sharing securely and to achieve a consistent baseline of secure and normalized behaviors.

Unmasking mobility patterns: international travel behavior and emissions of scientists in a higher research institution

PurposeThis study aims to investigate patterns in international travel behavior of scientific staff depending on the categories of gender, scientific field and scientific seniority level. The learning from salient differences possibly revealed may inform measures for reducing travel greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially for high-emitting staff groups, and help strengthen the equality between scientists of different categories concerning their travel behavior.Design/methodology/approachThe study collected and used novel empirical data on travel GHG emissions from University of Graz scientific staff for five consecutive years (2015–2019) and used statistical analysis and inference to test and answer three distinct research questions on patterns of travel behavior.FindingsThe travel footprint of scientific staff, in terms of annual GHG emissions per scientist, exhibits various highly significant differences across scientific fields, seniority and gender, such as male senior natural scientists showing ten times higher per-person emissions than female junior social scientists.Originality/valueThe five-year travel GHG emissions data set across all fields from natural sciences via social sciences to humanities at a large university (Uni Graz, Austria, about 2,000 scientific staff) and across seniority levels from predocs to professors, both for female and male scientists, enabled a robust empirical study revealing distinct differences in travel GHG footprints of academic staff. In this way, the study adds valuable insights for higher research institutions toward effective GHG reduction policies.

The Effect of Retail Food Environment Interventions on Dietary Behavior in Postsecondary Education Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BackgroundPostsecondary education institutions, where hundreds of millions of people work and study globally, are a key setting for retail food environment interventions. ObjectiveWe aimed to synthesize the evidence for the effectiveness of retail food environment interventions in improving the healthiness of dietary behavior of students and staff in postsecondary education settings. MethodsAcademic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies published until August 2023. Studies were eligible if they assessed the impact of a retail food environment intervention on healthiness of dietary behavior (purchases or consumption) in students or staff in postsecondary education settings and targeted one of the following food environment elements: placement, price, product, or promotion. Business-related outcomes (total sales, profit, or revenue) were included as secondary outcomes. Findings were synthesized in narrative form, organized by retail food environment element. Where comparable dietary outcome data were available from ≥10 interventions, findings were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. ResultsOf 10,126 studies initially identified, 55 (76% quasi-experimental) were included, describing 71 separate interventions (n = 49 single-element and n = 22 multi-element). Two-thirds (n = 47, 66%) of interventions (n = 32 single-element and n = 15 multi-element) demonstrated significant improvements in dietary behavior. Single-element interventions targeting placement (n = 1) and price (n = 3) improved dietary behavior. Most (n = 9/10, 90%) interventions targeting product availability or convenience (product element) improved dietary behavior, while n = 19/35 (54%) targeting promotion did. Pooled findings from 12 interventions reporting changes in energy content demonstrated a significant decrease in purchased or consumed energy (-7.9%; 95% confidence interval: -10.3%, -5.6%). Almost all interventions (n = 11/12, 92%) that evaluated the impact on business-related outcomes found either a significant increase or no change following the intervention. ConclusionsWe established encouraging evidence supporting the role of retail food environment interventions in postsecondary education settings to support healthy dietary behaviors of students and staff. RegistryPROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=295836; registration number CRD42022295836).

Utilising Shared Service Organisations for dynamic service networks

Collaborative governance which repositions citizens as service co-ordinators - has become an increasingly visible methodology within public organisations. In this new model, service management is dependent upon a complex series of iterative interactions between multiple stakeholders, making the service network is notoriously difficult to manage. Shared Service Organisations (SSOs) - unit(s) within an enterprise that deliver specialized, value-added services across the organization to multiple internal users – are uniquely positioned to understand and manipulate the complex, non-linear, relational nature of collaborative networks and fully harness operant resources for long-term impactful service delivery. Despite significant potential for SSOs within collaborative governance, there is a surprising lack of insight best managerial practices and the effect on staff behaviour, and even more so on the potential of SSOs to manage these networks. This research presents a single in-depth case study with the Project Management Office of an Irish national economic development agency using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) Methodology within a Design Thinking Framework. This allowed the researcher to see and interact with the challenges faced by participants and hone their understanding of influencing factors and contextual considerations. The research identified three key managerial implications. Firstly, explicit actions to establish and maintain a service mindset - which recognises and values operant resources - must be formally implemented into SSO operations. It is not sufficient to for managers to assume staff have a service orientated mindset, particularly when existing organisational processes reinforce old practices through quantifiable, process orientated outputs. Secondly, critical reflection must be formally integrated into management processes and must support the questioning of current operations in an open and frank atmosphere. Formalising time for critical reflection provides staff with opportunities and resources to question old practices and discuss and construct knowledge collaboratively. Thirdly, relational user engagement and communication practices within SSO service strategies must be deliberate and strategic. Due to the integrated nature of SSOs and the collaborative nature of their operations, clear operational and interaction guidelines empowers SSO staff fully harness their strategic role, question high level management and support critical strategic thinking.